Abstract
This paper examines how women and African-Americans represented two groups with limited rights in antebellum America. It looks at how, socially, both were considered to have a role and a place and how neither had complete rights when compared with white men in the same society. It also examines how both women and African-Americans were marginalized by both Northern and Southern society for the entirety of the antebellum period and how the marginalization of blacks and women allowed for a social hierarchy wherein every member of society had a clear place.

From the Paper
"The availability of social function to white women was not unlike the availability of religion to African Americans. Even on slave plantations slave owners considered it important to impress Christian values on their slaves. In James Mars' exploit, he explains how the minister who had owner his parents had arranged and carried out their marriage so that they could live a Christian life (3-5). That the slave-owners felt any importance in this is particularly interesting, in that Mars' mother already had a child by a previous white owner (Mars, 4). Previous sexual relationships or children would have been unacceptable in a white women looking to marry; however, the sexualization of African American women allowed white individuals to look the other way."

Tags:slaves, north, south, independence, cicil, war

Abstract
This paper examines W.E.B Dubois public critique of Booker T. Washington's philosophical thought. Dubois examines Washington's philosophy in his renown book of essays "The Souls of Black Folk". Three major issues are objectively scrutinized within the essay labeled "Of Mr. Booker T. Washington and Others". They include African American issues concerning: political power, civil rights, and high education.

From the Paper
Essentially, three elements were objectively critiqued by Dubois towards Washington. This process was simply an introduction of dispute between two African American philosophers with two dissimilar agenda's for the success and advancement of the African American people. While reading the book titled "W.E.B. DuBois The Souls of Black Folk" Dubois offers the reader an overall explanation for his argument towards Washington's ideology: "In the history of nearly all other races and peoples the doctrine preached at such crises has been that manly self-respect is worth more than lands and houses, and that a people who voluntarily surrender such respect, or cease striving for it, are not worth civilizing. "In answer to this, it has been claimed that the Negro can survive only through submission. Mr. Washington distinctly asks that black people give up, at least for the present, three things. First political power. Second, insistence on civil rights. Third, higher education of Negro youth and concentrate all their energies on industrial education, the accumulation of wealth, and the conciliation of the south."

Tags:south, african, american, negro, racism, cicil, war, rights, politics