Abstract
This paper gives an in-depth analysis of the role of American intelligence in the Cuban Missile Crisis. The paper further examines the shortcomings of the U.S. intelligence community in the last-half of 1962 which it cites as having made the Cuban Missile Crisis as frightful as it was. At the same time, while directing the reader to the CIA's failings the paper will considers President John F. Kennedy and argues that Kennedy's skepticism towards anything coming from the CIA made him phlegmatic in addressing the Soviet threat only about 90 miles from the continental United States.

From the Paper
"The role of American intelligence in the Cuban Missile Crisis has long been a topic of discussion among scholars. With that in mind, the following several pages will look at how the shortcomings - even lassitude - of the U.S. intelligence community in the last-half of 1962 made the Cuban Missile Crisis as frightful as it was. At the same time, while directing the reader to the CIA's failings (including, briefly, the failings of its then-director, John McCone), the paper will also turn its attention to President John F. Kennedy and argue that Kennedy's skepticism towards anything coming from the CIA made him phlegmatic in addressing the..."

Tags:cuban, missile, crisis

Abstract
This paper explores the thirteen days between the discovery of the missile sites and the final conclusion of the crisis known as the Cuban Missile Crisis. Specifically, the paper looks at what the Americans and Russians knew in the lead-up to event and shows how the CIA and KGB definitely had information prior to the actual start of the conflict. The paper explores the historical significance of Russia's involvement in Cuba and the rise of Fidel Castro to power there. The paper also explains the economic and political consequences of the event.

From the Paper
"In 1945 American had demonstrated the unparalleled destructive powers of their nuclear weapons, and subsequently taken unconditional control of the Japanese nation and its culture. This was done during war-time, of course. It followed an unprovoked attack against America itself, was necessary to stop countless casualties, and may have been entirely justified. The justification of that act is somewhat irrelevant to its psychological impact on both sides of the cold war, however. America learned the lesson that atomic bombs gave them unlimited bargaining power. The Soviet Union learned that America was willing to use that power to wipe out entire nations. In 1958 the USA had threatened China with nuclear weapons in regards to a dispute over Taiwan. From 1959 to 1961 it threatened nuclear strikes whenever the Soviets agitated for control of the divided Berlin. America had proven at least rhetorically willing to use nuclear strikes for political rather than merely defensive purposes."

Tags:nuclear, castro, 1950, communism, kennedy, cia

Abstract
This paper explores the Cuban missile crisis and how then President John F. Kennedy dealt with the issue. The writer believes that the 1962 Cuban missile crisis established JFK as a heroic and able president who was the first and only president to challenge the Soviets directly. The paper offers a brief background on the lead-up to the event and America's involvement in the near nuclear disaster. The paper includes a section on the memory of this event in American psyche today, evident through the many plays, movies and stories which can be seen throughout the U.S.

From the Paper
"The Cuban Missile Crisis teaches much about the nature of international relations during the Cold War and about such relations at any time between adversaries. It affirms the characteristics of the American political system that have helped the country succeed for two centuries in the face of considerable international opposition and numerous crises. Kennedy represented a change in the presidency, a youthful man rather than an older political leader, and his vibrancy affected the nation and made people ready to do more than they might otherwise have wanted to do."

Tags:bay, of, pigs, castro, cuba, communism, jfk, cia, leadership, presidency, cold, war, revolution

Abstract
The paper discusses the CIA's failings in investigating the build-up of Soviet missiles in Cuba and President John F. Kennedy's skepticism towards anything coming from the CIA. The paper explains how the intelligence community's failure at the Bay of Pigs made Kennedy less than receptive to any information he received from them. The paper concludes that had Kennedy been more receptive, the Cuban Missile Crisis could have been headed off months earlier.

From the Paper
"In an article that was published less than three years after the Cuban Missile Crisis of October, 1962, Roberta Wohlstetter comments at length upon the role that intelligence played in the international incident. Specifically, she floats the idea that the U.S. intelligence establishment knew about the missiles long before they chose to act on them. For example, she mentions U.S. Senator Kenneth Barnard Keating and how he asserted in August of 1962 that he had reliable evidence of "cylindrical objects" being transported by flatbed in Cuba, as well as evidence of Soviet motor convoys. Still, despite Senator Keating's public proclamations, the dramatic (and conspicuous) arms build-up in the fall of 1962 seemed to catch U.S. leaders - both military and civilian - by surprise when it became evident that some sort of decisive action was needed."

Tags:Bay, of, Pigs, Kennedy, Castro, arms, evidence, skepticism

Abstract
This paper stresses that Cuba has been a point of contention between the US and other nations ever since the US gained independence thus resulting in many Cuban crises such as the nineteenth century "Cuban Question". Next, the paper focuses on the 1962 missile crisis which was not just another Cuban problem because the presence of USSR's nuclear missiles in Cuba meant that the whole earth could have been annihilated. The paper traces the history of this period from the USA failure at the Bay of Pigs to Cuba's continued relations with the Soviets.

Table of Contents:
Introduction
Nuclear Possibilities
The Cuban Crisis: Khrushchev and Kennedy
The Event and Aftermath: Postmortem
Missiles, Cigars, Castro and the Soviets
Conclusion

From the Paper
"The frenzied activity did not go unnoticed by the US authorities. According to the CIA, the then Deputy Director for Intelligence, Ray Cline, informed of this activity to McGeorge Bundy, the 'National Security Adviser' to the President. The President of the United States Kennedy was informed of the developments. According to the CIA, the information of the Soviet action was passed on to the agency by a double agent, serving Soviet military intelligence officer, Oleg Penkovsky. Based on this information the e ExComm recommended a 'quarantine' of the navy on military shipments of USSR to Cuba."

Tags:fidel, kennedy, installations, cia, khrushchev

From the Paper
"Introduction


The end of the Cold War came with the tearing down of the Berlin Wall and the breakup of the Soviet Union. This was an occasion for some rejoicing in the West as well as some reflection about what it might mean. It was also a time for recollection and reassessment of the different problems encountered over the forty year period of the Cold War, and one of the events that occupied much of this reassessment was the Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962, which many see as the closest the world came to open conflict between the United States and the Soviet Union, and perhaps the closest the world came to nuclear war. The period was one of considerable tension, and the United States was at the time still awash in fear of possible nuclear attack, seen in the number of people building fall-out shelters in their basements or backyards."

Abstract
This paper discusses the methods the CIA used to try to "get rid" of Fidel Castro and overthrow the communist Cuban government. This paper gives light to some of the many plots the CIA came up with to rid the world of history's longest ruling communist dictator.

From the Paper
"To say that the relationship between the United States and Cuba is complicated is a major understatement. Ever since 1959, when Fidel Castro came into power in Cuba, the two nations have had a strained relationship at best, and a highly adversarial relationship when things got worse. Now that the Cold War is over and Cuba is no longer receiving weapons and aid from the defunct Soviet Union, relations between the two countries are much more relaxed. However, during the height of the Cold War, during the Kennedy administration and even before that, the Central Intelligence Agency of the United States developed and planned several ways to bring down the communist Cuban government; the catalyst they kept going back to in order to bring down the government was the assassination of Fidel Castro."

Tags:assassination, cold, communism, coup, crisis, eisenhower, fbi, government, kennedy, mafia, missile, mongoose, operation, plots, soviet, union, war

Abstract
The paper discusses the importance of the challenges that arose between Kruschev and Kennedy during the Cuban Missile Crisis and the result of their actions and decisions.The paper endeavours to portray Kruschev as the person responsible for easing tensions in the area and not being responsible for causing the Cuban missile crisis and further shows that, in fact, as a result of Kennedy's actions in the area, Kruschev had no option but to assist Cuba as he did. The paper appends relevant source material.

From the Paper
"Those who want to rescue Khrushchev's reputation from the dustbin of history frequently note that the Soviet Premier was every bit as responsible in his thinking as was Kennedy during the height of the crisis and, in many respects, even before it began. For instance, whatever his failings, it was not Khrushchev who stepped up surreptitious assaults against Castro, launched the ill-fated Bay of Pigs invasion - those were all things initiated by the Kennedy Administration. Further, the aggressive American build-up under Kennedy was understandably worrisome for the Soviet Leader, who had to watch this unfold fully cognizant of the fact that NATO had missiles pointed at the heart of the Soviet Union from nearby Turkey (Meyer, 113). Seen in that light, Khrushchev's secretive military support of Castro during the summer and fall of 1962 was entirely understandable - even if he erred in deploying missiles by stealth to the tiny island. More significantly, Kennedy's clandestine and not-so-clandestine efforts to unseat Castro surely raised tensions between the Soviet Union and America inasmuch as the US President had to have known on some level that the Soviets would feel compelled to protect the embattled Cuban leader from US efforts to kill him. All in all, the blame for the escalation of the crisis prior to mid-October of 1962 cannot solely, maybe not even mostly, laid at the feet of Nikita Khrushchev."

Tags:Kennedy, Kruschev, missile, Cuba, nuclear, Soviet

Abstract
This paper shall examine the discrepancies between the events portrayed in the film The Missiles of October (1974) and the historical events of the Cuban Missile Crisis as they have been documented from transcripts and recordings made in the Executive Mansion in the fall of 1962. It will do this by comparing the role of the major personalities involved in the crisis, between the film and historical events. The essay will then look at the way that film portrayed Nikita Khrushchev behaved during the crisis and the differences between its portrayal and his own account as quoted in an article by Time Magazine.

From the Paper
Abstract This paper shall examine the discrepancies between the events portrayed in the film The Missiles of October (1974) and the historical events of the Cuban Missile Crisis as they have been documented from transcripts and recordings made in the Executive Mansion in the fall of 1962. It will do this by comparing the role of the major personalities involved in the crisis, between the film and historical events. The essay will then look at the way that film portrayed Nikita Khrushchev behaved during the crisis and the differences between its portrayal and his own account as quoted in an article by Time Magazine.

Tags:docudrama, nuclear missiles, cuba

Abstract
This paper describes the key players and events that led up to the Cuban Missile Crisis. The paper details the posturing that went on between the U.S. and the Soviet Union, the imminent danger posed to the world because of the crisis, how it was resolved and the resulting aftermath of the crisis.

From the Paper
"October of 1962 brought about one of the most important conflicts of the Cold War, the Cuban Missile Crisis. Perhaps the most studied international confrontation of the Twentieth century, the crisis was the closest that the world has ever come to a nuclear war. The Cuban Missile Crisis was a major confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union in which tensions ran high on either side as both countries struggled with intense negotiations. The missile crisis represents the one time that world leaders and the international community stared down what Kennedy speechwriter Theodore Sorenson called "the gun barrel of nuclear war," the death of history as we know it."

Tags:intelligence, reconnaissance, flights, U-2, spy, planes, construction, launch, sites, medium-range, intermediate-range, ballistic, missiles, communist, island, cuba, aimed, directly, major, sites, arsenal, coast, florida, clear, present, danger