Abstract
The paper reviews "The CIA's Black Ops: Covert Action, Foreign Policy, and Democracy" that was written by John Jacob Nutter and published by Prometheus Books in 1999. The paper posits that this book is especially pertinent in this age of terrorism and endangered democracy in the United States, for it deals with fundamental concerns about the CIA and emphasizes key points such as the incompatibility of covert operations with democracy, the inevitability of blowback, and the recognized need for CIA black ops.

From the Paper
""The CIA's Black Ops: Covert Action, Foreign Policy, and Democracy" was written by John Jacob Nutter and published by Prometheus Books in 1999. This book is especially pertinent in this age of terrorism and endangered democracy in the United States, for it deals with fundamental concerns about the CIA and emphasizes key points such as the incompatibility of covert operations with democracy, the inevitability of blowback, and the recognized need for CIA black ops."

Tags:cia, black, ops

Abstract
This paper discusses and analyzes the importance of reforming the CIA, particularly under the new Obama administration. First, the paper gives some historical background about the CIA. Then, it explores how the agency has changed in recent years, particularly in light of the 9-11 attacks.

From the Paper
"As a new administration begins, it is vital to consider the nature and history of a key arm of the American system, namely the CIA, and to consider how this agency might be changed to make it more effective. The watchword of the new administration is indeed change, and while efforts have been made to change the CIA in the past, most notably after the 9-11 attacks, when it was clear that change was needed, most of the changes have failed. A failing CIA clearly makes the country vulnerable and less safe, so particular attention should be paid to the failures and to why more massive change is needed. Before considering the history of the institution, it should be noted that..."

Tags:cia, reform, failures

Abstract
The paper relates that the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) in the United States (US) and its role in Vietnam during that country's involvement in Southeast Asia is a role that has been difficult to assess completely. The paper explains that part of the difficulty is that the CIA's role is, of course, almost completely related to covert operations in the conflict which are, by nature, secretive and most often censored.

From the Paper
"The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) in the United States (US) and its role in Vietnam during that country's involvement in Southeast Asia is a role that has been difficult to assess completely. Part of the difficulty is that the CIA's role is, of course, almost completely related to covert operations in the conflict which are, by nature, secretive and most often censored. Additionally, the role of the CIA in Vietnam was also often one that was competitive in nature with the role of the military's own covert operations with both bodies vying for dominance in the conflict. Yet, there is a long precedence of CIA involvement in Vietnam and it is one..."

Tags:cia, role, vietnam

Abstract
This paper reviews counterintelligence in general and the counterintelligence milieu of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) agency as it serves the needs of commanders and policymakers. Next, the author describes the methods and procedures in performing its intelligence function that the CIA follows, which is called the Intelligence Cycle. After reviewing some of the flaws, failures and successes of the CIA, the paper concludes that it is still a viable institution without which the country would be exposed to attack both from the outside and covert.

Table of Contents:
Table of Contents
Background
Defining Intelligence
Intelligence in the United States
The Intelligence Role of the Central Intelligence Agency
Discussion
The Intelligence Cycle
The Intelligence Cycle and the Counterintelligence Role of the CIA
Organization of the CIA and Counterintelligence Roles of the Directorates
The Need for Counterintelligence
The National Counterintelligence Strategy of the United States of America
CIA Under Fire
Counterintelligence Capabilities of the CIA
Conclusion
Recommendation

From the Paper
"More than likely, the minute details or the implementation plans for the strategic counterintelligence initiative are contained in classified documents of each concerned intelligence agency. Nevertheless, it is commendable for the United States to have gotten its act together with regards to the strategic management of the intelligence and counterintelligence functions of the nation. History has shown that there have been several debacles in the intelligence and counterintelligence history of the United States. A case in point is the failure of the CIA to read the various indicators and warnings related to the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks."

Tags:adviser, mandate, organization, politicizing, clandestine

Abstract
The paper explains why the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)'s role in Vietnam has been difficult to assess completely. The paper first looks at the degree of commitment that the US government had developed in the political outcome of Vietnam. The paper then discusses the conflict over whether the military or the CIA should establish precedence over covert operations in Vietnam and describes what actually led to the eventual dominance of the CIA in Vietnam. The paper focuses on the many failures of the CIA's covert operations and counter-insurgency effort and contends that the war was already lost when intelligence failures of the CIA failed to adequately prepare the US and its forces to function appropriately in the region.

From the Paper
"The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) in the United States (US) and its role in Vietnam during that country's involvement in Southeast Asia is a role that has been difficult to assess completely. Part of the difficulty is that the CIA's role is, of course, almost completely related to covert operations in the conflict which are, by nature, secretive and most often censored. Additionally, the role of the CIA in Vietnam was also often one that was competitive in nature with the role of the military's own covert operations with both bodies vying for dominance in the conflict. Yet, there is a long precedence of CIA involvement in Vietnam and it is one that generally established the US government itself in the region while the French colonial forces were still struggling for dominance."

Tags:espionage, counter-insurgency, operations, Kennedy, Johnson

Abstract
This paper discusses the Central Intelligence Agency's (CIA) involvement in Iraq before the 2003 invasion and how it contributed to the war with Iraq. Specifically, it contains information on the CIA's initial studies on Iraq and includes a personal opinion regarding the CIA's influence on beginning the war. It explains how the CIA's reports on Iraq and their weapons of mass destruction before the invasion of Iraq helped move the invasion forward and justify the war to the American people. It asks how the CIA's intelligence went so wrong and whether there are still weapons of mass destruction hidden in Iraq.

From the Paper
"Before the invasion of Iraq in March 2003 by the allied forces of Great Britain and the United States, there was a large and comprehensive political outpouring of information and material justifying the pending invasion by both American and British sources. One of the most vocal agencies in this prelude to war was America's Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). In October 2002, the CIA released a multi-page report discussing "Iraq's Weapons of Mass Destruction Programs," which went on to detail the various reasons why Iraq was a threat to the United States and the world."

Tags:bush, sadaam, hussein, weapon, mass, destruction

Abstract
The paper describes the immediate precursor to the CIA that was the OSS or Office of Statistical Services, established by President Franklin Roosevelt. The paper then looks at the CIA operations that began in 1947 and points out that while the greatest accomplishments of a spy agency go unheralded, the ones which failed haunt an agency for years. The paper discusses how in the 59 years of its existence, the CIA has been the butt of jokes and world ridicule for their more glaring excesses and spectacular failures. The paper asserts that the agency is needed without doubt, but it needs agents who speak Farsi and respect Islam as a force to be contained.

From the Paper
"And Joseph remembered the dreams which he dreamed of them, and said unto them, Ye are spies; to see the nakedness of the land ye are come ( Holy Bible Gen 42: 9). Man has spied on his fellow man since time immemorial. Children spy on each other without having a name for it. There is a natural curiosity in man, but what the CIA does is a bit more intrusive than idle curiosity. The nature of spying is such that the perfect spy agency would be totally unknown to history. The perfect spy would never be acknowledged. He would be a non-entity.
"We all know the famous words of Nathan Hale, and that he only regretted having but one life to lose for his country. This was quite patriotic and if the spy is caught then he might as well get himself a footnote in history. But to do the best job for one's country, the spy must not lose his life, and he needs must remain faceless and nameless."

Tags:intelligence, agents, spies

Abstract
The paper contends that the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) has a dark side that most people do not know about. The paper discusses the prisoners at Guantanamo Bay, torture such as waterboarding, government secrecy, detention, kidnapping, warrantless wiretapping, and abuse of the Patriot Act. The paper argues that the CIA should only invade the privacy of the people who truly pose a danger to society, instead of invading the privacy of people who have not done anything to warrant it.

Outline:
Introduction
Secrecy
Wiretapping and Internet Privacy
The Patriot Act
Military Operations and Guantanamo Bay
Conclusion - The Future of the CIA and the Country

From the Paper
"Most people think of the CIA as being one of the agencies that keep them safe. They trust in their government and in the ability of the people in it to protect them and to take care of them, and they believe in the government's ability to do that. They also believe in the government's desire to do that. To a certain extent, however, the government has a dark side, and this is usually something that is hidden from the public. Areas of the government like the CIA work very hard to stay undercover and underground. How many people honestly and legitimately know someone who works for the CIA? Not that many people know someone like that, and if they did know that person very well, they might be surprised at some of the things that he or she has done in his or her career."

Tags:Guantanamo, Bay, waterboarding, secrecy, detention, kidnapping, wiretapping, Patriot, Act

Abstract
This paper discusses the methods the CIA used to try to "get rid" of Fidel Castro and overthrow the communist Cuban government. This paper gives light to some of the many plots the CIA came up with to rid the world of history's longest ruling communist dictator.

From the Paper
"To say that the relationship between the United States and Cuba is complicated is a major understatement. Ever since 1959, when Fidel Castro came into power in Cuba, the two nations have had a strained relationship at best, and a highly adversarial relationship when things got worse. Now that the Cold War is over and Cuba is no longer receiving weapons and aid from the defunct Soviet Union, relations between the two countries are much more relaxed. However, during the height of the Cold War, during the Kennedy administration and even before that, the Central Intelligence Agency of the United States developed and planned several ways to bring down the communist Cuban government; the catalyst they kept going back to in order to bring down the government was the assassination of Fidel Castro."

Tags:assassination, cold, communism, coup, crisis, eisenhower, fbi, government, kennedy, mafia, missile, mongoose, operation, plots, soviet, union, war

Abstract
The paper relates that the bombings of the World Trade Towers brought the conflict between the FBI and CIA to the surface. The paper looks at the two government agencies associated with gathering intelligence on activities that might threaten US lives and interests. The paper examines the conflict between the two agencies in terms of how it effects the current and future situation of the war on terrorism. The paper shows how the two agencies are set up for two entirely different purposes, but maintains that they must still be able to communicate and talk civilly together.

Outline:
Different Worlds: Cultural Effects
Defining New Roles: Gender Effects
Technological Barriers
Prospective and Trans-active goals
Lens Model of Conflict

From the Paper
"The differences between the CIA and FBI stem from their original set up at their inception. They were initially set up for different functions, and only recently has the need to work closely stood in their way to perform their individual jobs. The key to the problem is communication between the two groups. One must delve into the origins of the two groups to understand these differences fully."
"The Central Intelligence Agency began in 1947 as a completely separate entity from the FBI. Interactions between the two groups have even been hostile at times (Gorman, 2007). Both groups share the goal of protecting the United States from hostile attacks, but they each had their own way of handling situations and developed a type of territorial attitude in order to avoid stepping on one another's efforts (Gorman, 2007). This attitude made it difficult for them to work as a team."

Tags:national, security, internal, external, culture, gender