Abstract
This paper tells what the chorus brought to Greek theater and how theater was shaped because of it. The paper discusses this topic while examining one of the most famous Greek play, "Hippolytus," by Euripides. The chorus was a crucial part of theater during that time and was used to narrate the story, give their opinion of the plot, and keep a rhythm for the play. The chorus did this in various ways, such as through costumes, stage presence, music, and singing. The Greek chorus was a precursor to operas and musicals as we know them today, and the paper discusses this evolution of the chorus.

From the Paper
"The chorus is essential to ancient Greek drama, and the plays at that time were greatly dependent on song and dance which the chorus performed (Ley 28). It accompanied the actors with sounds, gestures, postures, costumes, masks etc, and these flowing actions and stage elements brought the play to life. The various roles of the chorus are to narrate, give their opinions and keep the rhythm of the play. They do this through singing, movement, and stage presence. The ancient Greek theater is also important because it was the precursor to operas and musicals as we know them today. This paper will discuss the importance of the chorus' roles on the Greek stage by examining Euripides' Hippolytus and also how it influenced modern theater. To fully understand the reason for the chorus it is necessary to know the history."

Tags:dance, dionysus, euripides, festival, hippolytus, movement, musicals, operas, song, stage, theater

Abstract
This paper discusses the role of ancient Greek drama in Greek society. The paper explains the stage styles, how actors performed and the main types of plays performed in ancient Greek theater. The author discusses tragedies, comedies and a special form of theater called "dithyramb," which was sung by a large chorus. The paper goes on to discuss the importance of the elements of prose, lyrics and dancing in the ancient Greek drama. The paper then goes on to discuss some of ancient Greece's foremost playwrights, as well as theories about the origins of drama.

From the Paper
"The word 'Drama' as such has originated from the Greek words that mean 'to do', or 'to act'. When a story is acted out, it becomes a 'play', and this was the medium used by the ancient Greeks to act out their stories, which were either humorous and were about funny situations in their everyday lives, or they would be great tragedies, which would act out some important episode or period of their lives at the time. The speech and actions of the play would therefore, recreate human lives and its flow. It can be stated that ancient Greece was in fact the real birthplace of the future 'drama' of the Western world. In Greece, these plays or dramas were presented on stage twice a year, in honor of the God Dionysius, and there would be choruses made up of men who would be dressed up in goatskins, and who were meant to represent 'satyrs' or those mythical creatures who were partly goat, and partly man."

Tags:Greek, theater, aristotle, sophocles, tragedy, comedy, masks

Abstract
This paper discusses the similarities and differences between Greek tragedy and Japanese Noh Drama. It examines how although they are separated by nearly two millennia, by thousands of miles and by cultural differences, both were theatrical traditions involving masked performers, frequent use of music and dancing, on-stage choruses and historic-mythological themes and stories drawn from traditions. It looks at how later centuries' understanding of them, depends heavily on Aristotle's "Poetics" and Zeami's essays on Noh drama and how the two writers' approaches indicate the principal difference in the two traditions.

From the Paper
"Greek drama originated in the choral hymns sung to the god Dionysus. Mimed episodes were enacted to accompany the dithyrambs of the seventh century and, as Aristotle has it, a "long series of changes" ended only on Tragedy's "attaining to its natural form" (Aristotle 670). The alternation of choral song and dance with enacted scenes predominated until Aeschylus introduced the second actor and "made the dialogue, or spoken portion, take the leading part in the play" (Aristotle 670). Sophocles introduced the third actor and scenery. And tragedy acquired its magnitude by expanding its scope and increasing the dignity of its presentation. The playwrights proceeded by discarding the trochaic meter, more appropriate to dancing, for the iambic which was more like natural speech."

Tags:culture, theatre, tradition, music

Abstract
This paper explains that the evolution of theater in Greece may be linked directly to the festivals of Dionysus, the Grecian god of wine and misrule. The author points out that Greek theaters, including the theater of Dionysus, were not free-standing works of architecture, but rather they were built into hills in amphitheater forms. The theaters of Lycurgus replaced the original wood of the Dionysus theater with stone, reaffirming the importance of theater in the city of Athens' civic and religious life, which continued well into Hellenistic times, culminating in the Romans' added changes to the structure and including the addition of the Bema.

Table of Contents
History of Theater in Ancient Greece
Architecture of Greek Theaters
Parodos
Bema of Phaidros
The Central Section
Marble Throne of the Priest of Dionysus Eleutherios and Other Priests' Seats
Skene
The Stoa on the South Side of Skene

From the Paper
"The parodos of the Theater of Dionysus was a gangway leading into the orchestra over which chorus and actors made their entrances. There are two parodoi, one on each side of the orchestra. Parodos was also the name of the song chanted by the chorus as they entered the orchestra at the beginning of the play. This is another indication of the fusion of the role of ritual, the role of the chorus, and the role of architecture in early Greek theater."

Tags:parodo, bema, lycurgus, priest, chorus

Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that Ancient Greek culture is something that has astonished people for generations because it was seemingly so ahead of its time. This civilization created things that were not matched for centuries in other places and is even responsible for ideas that are still in use today. The writer looks at ancient Greek advances in mathematics and science in addition to architectural achievements in ancient Greece. The writer notes that political ideologies from ancient Greek times can also still be learned from today. The writer concludes that ancient Greek society is one of the greatest civilizations on record and it should be admired for being so far ahead of its time.

From the Paper
"Another famous scholar from ancient Greece was Thales. He was a philosopher and scientist and is sometimes called the father of science. Thales was the person who set the seasons of the year and divided the year into 365 days. He did this by somehow following the path of the sun and things out based on mathematic equations. He was able to effectively estimate the height of the pyramids from the length of their shadows and he taught explorers the value of knowing where Ursa Minor was at all times. Thales was truly a brilliant scientist and his impact on the world is still visible today. Many of his calculations were correct and this is significant because we can learn a lot about Greek civilization by reading his work, since he was normally right. A famous mathematician who was around in ancient Greece was Pythagoras. He is known as the father of numbers and is probably best known for creating the Pythagorean Theorem, which is a method finding out the dimensions of a triangle and is still taught in schools today. He believed that absolutely everything was related to mathematics and that everything could be predicted and measured in rhythmic patterns or cycles."

Tags:Pythagoras, civilization, Parthenon, structures, scholar

Abstract
This paper explores the styles of ancient Greek art and the depiction of mythological and heroic images in art. The paper devotes time to describing the Mykonos amphora, the combination of scenes that depicts acts of Greek brutality and violence. The paper also describes many other pieces of pottery and art that are representations of the Trojan War's climactic events and discusses the tendency to merge together disparate episodes of the Iliad narrative. The writer opines that the images and depictions found on a great variety of ancient Greek pottery provide a fascinating glimpse into the cultural and artistic world of one of the first societies to practice democracy and to explain the natural world in scientific terms.

From the Paper
"In essence, the oral history of the Trojan War has come down to us through the epic poem the Iliad by the Greek poet Homer who composed this famous account of the conflict between the Trojans and the Greeks sometime during the 8th century BCE and the Ilioupersis ("The Sack of Ilion") by Arktinos of Miletos which survives only in a few ancient references (Magrath, 2002). The basic tale of the Trojan War relates events that allegedly occurred some five hundred years prior to the writing of the Iliad and the Ilioupersis, circa the 13th century BCE during the Mycenaean Period in ancient Greece."

Tags:Trojan, War, Mykonos, amphora, Achaeans, Helen, Menelaus, Cassandra, Astyanax

Abstract
In this article, the writer examines the role of Eros, Hermes and Heracles in ancient Greek athletics. The writer sets forth the general frame from which the linkages between Greek sport in the ancient world and those three gods can be identified and then develops a catalogue of literary and archaeological sources that show how the connections were commonly understood and articulated.

From the Paper
"The purpose of this research is to examine the role of Eros Hermes and Heracles in ancient Greek athletics. The plan of the research will be to set forth the general frame from which the linkages between Greek sport in the ancient world and those three gods can be identified and then to develop a catalogue of literary and archaeological sources that show how the connections were commonly understood and articulated. The big picture of the connection between ..."

Tags:Eros, Hermes, Heracles, gymnasium, palaestra

Abstract
In this article, the writer examines the similarities between the ancient Greek and Egyptian religions, but notes that there were also some differences between the religions. The religions' similarities regarding their creation myths, their pantheon of Gods, their ritual sacrifices performed to honor Gods, and their views of how humans and Gods interacted are all discussed by the paper. The writer concludes that while having some differences, the similarities between ancient Greek and Egyptian religion are many. This paper includes an annotated bibliography.

From the Paper
"The question of where humans and life came from is on that all religions try to answer. Greek and Egyptian religions were no exception to the rule. Both cultures believed that a God was responsible for the creation of the Earth. In Egyptian creation story explains that Atum, the son God, existed alone in the universe. He then created his brother and sister, Shu, the air and life God, and Tefnut, the moisture and order God. This is similar to Greek beliefs that Gaia sprang from nothing and was alone in the universe as well, until her siblings came to be, representing various elements as well. They included Erebos, the God of nights, and Tartarus, the God of underground."

Tags:beliefs, cultures, God, myths

Abstract
This paper attempts to provide a clear picture of the humanistic world of the ancient Greeks. It looks at how the humanistic attitudes of the ancient Greeks, where the individual was of prime importance, contrasts sharply with many other ancient cultures and civilizations. It examines how classic Greek art and literature, illustrated by examples such as as the "Nike of Samothrace" and Homer's "Odyssey," illuminate not only the ancient Greeks themselves but also our modern age. It shows how it was from the Greeks that art and culture truly emerged, with its respect for beauty and simplicity, the physical concepts of nature and the humanistic view of man.

From the Paper
"A later work of Hellenistic sculpture is the Laocoon group, which shows the Trojan priest Laocoon and his sons being strangled by sea serpents, due to Laocoon's defiance of the Greek god Apollo (others say he offended Poseidon by warning the Trojans about the Trojan horse). The spectacular torment of Laocoon and his sons is presented with all the devices of realism--the torturous poses, straining muscles and swelling veins. This piece, according to Pliny, the Roman scholar, was fashioned by Athanadoros, Agesander and Polydoros, three sculptors from the Greek island of Rhodes, famous for the Colossus of Rhodes, one of the seven wonders of the ancient world."

Tags:troy, homer, odyssey, nike, samothrace, hellenism

Abstract
The paper discusses the ancient Greeks' attitudes and customs regarding the status of women, children, wealth, education and human slavery. The paper shows how these attitudes were passed down through the generations, into the days of the Roman Empire. The paper relates that Greek attitudes toward women and slavery are still relevant today, as women are still exploited in many ways, particularly in Asia and Africa.

From the Paper
"In ancient Greece, the structure of society as it existed in the city-state or polis was divided into separate layers. At the top resided the royal family and the circle of the king's friends. Next came the social elites or those who owned vast amounts of private property and played major roles in Greek government, much like today's corporate CEO's and members of the U.S. Congress. Next in line were the leaders of the minority urban populations and the traditional lords and princes that had settled in Greece long before the city of Athens became a major center of political power. At the bottom layer were the common masses, such as free merchants, craftsmen, artists and laborers. However, on the outside of this hierarchy lived the slaves who were considered as social pariahs or undesirables by those above them."

Tags:society, wealth, class, education, Aristotle, Plato, exploitation