Abstract The paper discusses the disease known as Cholera and highlights the countries where it is generally found, as the disease typically occurs in underdeveloped counties that lack adequate water supplies and safe sewage disposal. The paper notes that the USA is free of the disease at present and goes on to highlight the causes and symptoms of the disease and its effect on humans as well as it's prevention and treatment.
Outline:
Introduction to Cholera Cholera Symptoms and Diagnosis
Cholera Treatment
Cholera Prevention
Summary
From the Paper " Despite the seriousness of the disease if not treated, cholera is not a difficult disease to treat and most people recover well with the prompt administration of oral rehydration (prepackaged mixture of sugar and salts to be mixed with water and drunk in large amounts) to replace lost fluids (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). In more severe cases, intravenous administration of fluids may be required."
Abstract This paper reviews the novel "Love in the Time of Cholera" by Gabriel Garcia Marquez and examines how the theme of love and sickness is used by the author by analyzing the book chapter by chapter. The symptoms of cholera include pallor, rapid heartbeat, lethargy and sleepiness or sleeplessness. The "symptoms" of being in love are very similar ? and tragic unfulfilled love can be as fatal as cholera. The novel focuses on the attitudes and experiences of the three major characters ?Florentino Ariza, Fermina Daza and Dr Juvenal Urbino and how they, at times, find themselves in a feverish state through love ? literally making themselves ill in sometimes comical and extreme circumstances.
From the Paper "The story returns to the past until chapter five. Chapter two looks back to the youth of Florentino and Fermina. The young man makes a delivery to the girl's home and is attracted to her. He begins to make his feelings known. She eventually notices him sitting on a park bench on her way home from school, and that he looks ill. He finally plucks up the courage to give her a note and falls ill while waiting for a reply. His lovesickness is initially diagnosed as cholera. Florentino also makes himself ill by eating gardenias, drinking cologne and even eating rose petals."
Abstract Gabriel Garcia Marquez's novel "Love in the Time of Cholera" is, on one level, the inspiring story of a love that lasted over fifty years and was consummated only when the two people (Fermina Daza and her devoted Florentino Ariza) reached old age. The paper shows that this is an involving story that keeps the reader attentive to the fortunes of the principal characters and entertained by the many digressions the author makes along the way. It shows, however, that the very title of the book hints that there is something more to the story. In the contrast between "love" and the plague of cholera it may seem that this is a story of the triumph of humanity's great achievement--romantic love--over the forces of nature that work against human happiness and well-being.
From the Paper "The novel is set, roughly, in the period from the late 1870s to the 1930s in an unnamed city on the Caribbean coast of Colombia. In the course of the novel's time-span the impact of the presence of human beings on each other and on the land they occupy is a major focus of the novel. In the figures of Juvenal Urbino and Florentino Ariza there is a contrast between the man who is a part of the city and the man who works at the edges of humanity's attempt to bring the world under control. What they share, however, is an indifference to their surroundings, except as they serve their own immediate interests. Urbino and the city represent the empty conventionality and Europe-directed thinking of the remnants of exploitative colonial society, while Ariza, at the jungle outpost of the River Company, represents the equally exploitative modern mania for technological advances and the relentless expansion of commerce."
Abstract This paper explains the current situation of cholera around the world and points out that Mali, Liberia, Iraq, Mozambique, Congo, Uganda, and the Ivory Coast are the most affected countries. It looks at what causes cholera and how it affects the body. It discusses some of the possible treatment options and prevention methods. It concludes that much more needs to be done to protect the Third World from this disease.
From the Paper "Cholera is a disease that continues to have a devastating impact on many areas of the world, despite advancements in treatment and prevention. The simple fact is that large areas of the world still do not have access to safe drinking water, free from contamination from sewage and other pathogen sources. For this reason, it seems imperative that continued work progress toward the development of a safe and reliable set of vaccines, capable of protecting those that are unable to simply "avoid" contracting the disease while on vacation. After all, while tourist health is certainly important, one would imagine that the health of the millions of people forced through circumstances to live in the areas hardest hit by the disease be allowed to live a life free from the devastating affects of cholera as well."
Abstract This paper discusses a variety of critical viewpoints of Marquez's novel "Love in the Time of Cholera." Each stance is evaluated through textual examples. Emphasis is placed on how to interpret the ending of the novel. The characters are discussed in great detail as to how their actions influence the outcome of the novel.
From the Paper "Gabriel Garcia Marquez's Love in the Time of Cholera is often interpreted as a sentimental love story whose characters embrace romantic stereotypes while validating the clich's which dominate them. Thomas Pynchon aspires to this view when he describes the novel as an offering of hope; a revolutionary work which suggests ?that the vows of love made under a presumption of immortality ? youthful idiocy, to some ? may yet be honored, much later in life when we ought to know better, in the face of the undeniable?. For Pynchon, Marquez wants to assert the possibility that a character such as Florentino can keep his promise to love Fermina Daza forever. "To live a long, full and authentic life based on such a vow, to put one's allotted stake of precious time where one's heart is"(Pynchon, 1). Elizabeth Beverley cites this premise as the reason the novel spent several months on the New York Times? bestseller list. "People want"to read about a kind of love which both defies and redeems time, anger, and contagion?. However, she more perceptively points out the ironic metaphor of the opening chapter. Juvenal Urbino finds out that his friend, Jeremiah de Saint-Amour, is not the person he seemed to be. "It unsettles him; he cannot keep his footing, literally cannot keep his footing. And so he falls"(Beverly, 2). Juvenal's mortal fall parallels the reader's loss of footing. As the novel unfolds, we find that it is not the sentimental love story we wanted to read about. "We are like his man (Juvenal), believing that we know certain facts about these kinds of big books, believing even that we are being invited to read the lives of one set of characters. Then, astonishingly, we find out that this novel isn"t what it seems to be at all; we must readjust. We feel unsettled; we lose our footing?(Beverly, 2). Love in the Time of Cholera is not just a simple story of boy meets girl, boy loses girl, boy gets girl back. Nor is it the triumph of love in old age. Marquez may seem to support these sentimental notions on the manifest level, but he savagely attacks them on the latent level."
The paper discusses the nature of cholera and the social reforms enacted by the English government as a result of the epidemics of the nineteenth century.
Abstract The paper examines the nature and causes of this contagious disease and the response of the English government, once they realized that the filthy living conditions of much of the population was the prime cause of cholera. The paper traces the medical and social reforms enacted by the government and their far-reaching effects that are still felt today. It also analyzes the reaction to the epidemic by ordinary people as well as physicians and medical practitioners.
From the Paper "Outbreaks of cholera in the nineteenth century began in Asia and India, and spread across Europe rapidly. "Every year the disease moved west, from southeastern Asia, in 1819, to China in 1820, and to Siberia in 1823. It was in Moscow by 1830, in Vienna and Berlin in 1831. It reached London in early 1832" (Athanassoglou-Kallmyer 686). This first outbreak was the worst, and was completely baffling to the people and to health professionals. They could not cure the disease, they could not control its spread, and it continued to occur in later years, which was even more frightening. There were several other outbreaks later in the nineteenth century, which did not kill as many as the first had, which some estimate killed up to 90,000 people in England. The second major outbreak was in 1848-1849, the third in 1853-1854, and the final outbreak took place in 1866."
Abstract This paper discusses how love clearly exists within "Love in the Time of Cholera", a novel by Gabriel Garcia Marquez, and how it is ultimately a book that celebrates the idea of an everlasting, true love. It looks at how love is shown in many forms in the novel, from the romantic professions of the young Florentino to the more mature love of Fermina and Florentino that comes with age. It also examines how, in between, Garcia Marquez writes masterfully of love within the concept of family and marriage and the ideas of fidelity, both sexual and emotional.
From the Paper "Love in the Time of Cholera is a story about the love of Florentino Ariza, a young man who falls passionately for the beautiful girl Fermina Daza. The novel opens with the memorable opening line told by Dr. Juvenal Urbino "It was inevitable: the scent of bitter almonds always reminded him of the fate of unrequited love" (p. 01). The story takes place over about 50 years, spanning the beginning of the 20th century. Florentino, a humble riverboat worker, falls in love with the graceful Fermina who saunters with a "doe's gait making her seem immune to gravity", and "almond shaped eyes" (p.05). Fermina's family opposes their union, but the passionate young pair carry on their romance through secret letters and coded telegrams."
Tags: florentino, fermina, urbino, marriage, family
Abstract The paper looks at the diagnosis of cholera and its treatment, which consists of mainly re-hydrating the infected individual. The paper notes that while this is not a prevalent disease in developed countries, there are many studies that are attempting to develop a method of eradicating this virus.
From the Paper "Writings from the ancient Sanskrit era mention the diarrheal disease, providing evidence that it has been afflicting mankind for centuries, and even with all the modern medical technology now available, Cholera continues to affect mankind today. It was not, however, until the mid 1800's that society first began to understand cholera, how it was spread, and its effects. A man by the name of John Snow was the first to actually carry out a published epidemiological study in 1849. Snow accomplished this by charting cases of cholera in London. At the time there was a cholera epidemic in London, and a new germ theory of disease was being vociferously debated in the medical community. Snow "concluded that the cholera cases clustered around a well in central London when cholera was at its peak during the summer months" (Colwell, 2006, p. 754)."
Abstract Digestion consists of a physical and chemical breakdown of food. Because of the complexity and large size of the digestive system, diseases that can interfere with the body system are numerous and varied in their modes of transmission, their symptoms, their treatments, and their possible short-term and long-term effects. This paper focuses on three such diseases: Cirrhosis of the liver (caused by viral Hepatitis), hookworm disease (caused by hookworms), and cholera (caused by Vibrio cholerae). Each disease is examined in turn, its symptoms and its treatment. The diseases are summarized in a table at the end of the paper.
From the Paper "The large size of the digestive system, along with the diverse group of organs associated with it; prevent the presentation of one specific defense mechanism against diseases. Depending on which organ the disease tends to focus on, the body reacts uniquely for that organ. However, the most definitive action taken against digestive system diseases are regulations and standards for living conditions. Many diseases that affect the digestive system relate directly to food, and undercooked food, mishandled food, and poor sanitation conditions are common factors in someone contracting a digestive system illness."
Abstract Gabriel Garc"a M"rquez's novel Love in the Time of Cholera is, on one level, the inspiring story of a love that lasted over fifty years and was consummated only when the two people (Fermina Daza and her devoted Florentino Ariza) reached old age.
From the Paper "Gabriel Garc"a M"rquez's novel Love in the Time of Cholera is, on one level, the inspiring story of a love that lasted over fifty years and was consummated only when the two people (Fermina Daza and her devoted Florentino Ariza) reached old age. It is an involving story that keeps the reader attentive to the fortunes of the principal characters and entertained by the many digressions the author makes along the way. Yet the very title of the book hints that there is something more to the story. In the contrast between "love" and the plague of cholera it may seem that this is merely a story of the triumph of humanity's great achievement--romantic love--over the forces of nature that work against human happiness and well-being. As Mona Simpson notes, however, for Garc"a M"rquez "individual happiness is not considered an absolute good" and in this novel, as in others, he ..."
This paper discusses the problems that face women in Mozambique because of poor accessibility to health care, attitudes towards parenthood and uncontrolled flooding.
Abstract This paper explains that Mozambican women are in desperate need of quality health care and sex education to fight against the high mortality rates and the spread of HIV/AIDS. The author also feels that general education about safe water and living conditions needs to be taught to fight malaria and cholera. But, the author feels the chances of this happening, in such a poor and strife worn country, are poor. Figure. Outline.
Table of Contents
Introduction
HIV/AIDS
Infant and Maternal Mortality
Flood Problems
Conclusion
From the Paper "In the spring months of 2000, there was a great deal of flooding in Mozambique. The Mozambican Ministry of Health, WHO and other international bodies such as UNICEF and the Red Cross implemented strategies to control the spread of cholera and malaria in the African nation. Up to 250,000 people in Mozambique were at risk of malaria or cholera due to the flooding. As the weather warmed and the floodwaters subsided, breeding conditions for mosquitoes were at their prime. The Mozambican Ministry of Health announced that the number of malaria cases in the Matupo province increased to as many
as 80,000. Steps to control the mosquito populations were taken, including the spraying of high-risk areas."
Abstract Historically, the availability of water in South Africa has always been a problem, and this problem is mainly attributed to its geographical and climatic conditions. This paper explains that, out of the 40 million people of South Africa, 40% are deprived of the appropriate supplies of drinking water. Both urban and rural settlements are dependent on the scarce distribution of water resources by the state. It discusses how the state, on the other hand, has granted the distribution of the water supplies to a foreign company and has led to an increasing, ultimate deprivation of the water supplies for the poor, who had to choose between bread and water. It explains how this selection led to the outburst of cholera back in the year 2000, killing 300 people and infecting more than a quarter of million people.
From the Paper "In the year 2000, Suez Lyonnaise Des Eaux, a French company, took over the majority of the water supplies in South Africa, and with this French company many other multinationals have also flown in to reap the profits like Vivendi, Saur and Biwater. It is a norm with privatization that state subsidies are reduced and the prices of the utilities goes up. The majority to suffer from the privatization reform is the general public and the poor. This is because the private companies operate under the motive of profit generation rather than the welfare of the public. This profit motive has resulted, in this case, in a four hundred percent increase in the prices of water in South Africa. Where the people who could not afford to "buy" the water were dumped in to intense levels of poverty and the ones who could afford had to tolerate a more expensive standard of living. Poor, for whom it was even hard to live under a tin roof, were the majority of the sufferers. There were many incidents of aggression against the privatization policy and many incidents of breaking the water pipe lines for search of water. However, such aggression was conveniently dealt with force (Gleick et al., 2002)."
A discussion on the effects of the great famines in India on disease and mortality rates and the contributions and responsibilities of Britain as a parent country.
Abstract The paper starts with a summary of conditions in pre-colonial India and continues through to the birth of the public health sector in 19th century England. It then discusses the effects of drought on India and the results of the great famines on both agriculture and industry, looking at the responsibility of Britain in terms of preventing disaster via prevention and aid strategies and their ultimate failure in both areas. The spread of disease, in particular cholera is explored and again, Britain's contribution in this area is discussed.
From the Paper "The colonisation of India was, for the British, the proverbial jewel in the crown, a new land of vast resources, unsystematic government and an animal-like people who, at best, were a cheap source of labour. But as the drought of 1876 decimated the population in a famine as cruel as any the Europeans had experienced, it became apparent that the British government would need to take steps to prevent a repeat of the devastating mortality rates produced by such a phenomenon. A certain responsibility to their precious colony would have to be shown."
Abstract This paper gives a brief description London during the Elizabethan age. It discusses the life of the residents having to deal with hardships such as cholera and hunger. It explains that the world was on the brink of modernization and how this effected life in the capital. It also looks at the changes that Elizabeth tried to introduce judicially and politically.
From the paper:
"We can gain an idea of the tenor of the Elizabethan Age by looking at the changes that occurred in her own capital city, in its growth and in its problems. By the time the Tudors became the reigning family of Great Britain, London was already an ancient city. It had grown up by this point from three separate centers: the walled settlement founded by the Romans on the banks of the Thames in the 1st century AD (which is the area of the city known today as "the Square Mile" or more often simply as "the City"; the suburb of Southwark, which faces the City across the bridge on the lower gravels of the south bank of the Thames; and the City of Westminster "
Abstract This paper argues that the relationship between an environment and its diseases that occur within it are not static over time. The paper discusses infectious diseases, non-vectored diseases, and deficiency diseases. AIDS is given as an example of how a disease that was once a major problem in North America is now a major problem in Africa.
From the Paper "Diseases occur in all parts of the world. However, different groups of people will be vulnerable to different diseases at different times, depending on where they are in the world ? or rather, what environments they are in. The term used to investigate the relationship between diseases and the environments in which they occur is known as Disease Ecology. Disease Ecology can be a reference to diseases within the natural environment, but also to diseases that occur within manmade environments, mainly cities. There are many different types of diseases that could be investigated here. This essay will look at diseases in both the natural and man-made environments. These will include Deficiency diseases, Infectious diseases, Chronic diseases and Social diseases."
