Abstract
The paper relates that Chinese culture is defined by three things in ascending order of importance: a humanistic approach to looking at the world and at man's place in it; a belief in moderation and in harmony; and a tradition of family mutual dependence in which the family suffers of soars depending on the actions of one of its members. The paper describesand explains these three features of Chinese culture and ranks them in ascending order of importance to this writer. The paper discusses how Chinese culture is less religious than American culture, values moderation instead of extremes (like hedonism) and the family unit is more inter-connected and inter-dependent than it is in America.

From the Paper
"The Chinese culture is defined by three things in ascending order of importance: a humanistic approach to looking at the world and at man's place in it; a belief in moderation and in harmony; and a tradition of family mutual dependence in which the family suffers of soars depending on the actions of one of its members. With this in mind, the following paper will describe and explain these three features of Chinese culture and rank them, as mentioned, in ascending order of importance to this writer. Generally speaking, Chinese culture is less religious than American..."

Tags:chinese, culture, features

Abstract
This paper presents a comparison and contrast of the Native American culture with the Chinese culture. The paper claims that there are several similarities. "Native American" and "Chinese" are all-encompassing descriptive terms of the many different tribes and dynasties of each culture. Both cultures have rich, meaningful customs that are still passed on today, unlike many ethnic groups that have lost some of their culture due to the changing times. The paper contends that Chinese and Native Americans still believe in their own form of mythology. The paper discusses the social, political, and economical aspects of these two cultures.

Outline
I. Introduction
a. Two Richly Historic Societies
II. Social
a. Native-American Creation
b. Birth of Chinese Culture
c. Compare and Contrast
III. Political
a. Native-American Politics
b. Chinese Political Systems
c. Compare and Contrast
IV. Economic
a. Early Native-American Economy
b. The Start of Chinese Economics
c. Compare and Contrast
V. Conclusion

From the Paper
"Throughout their history, Native-Americans have been historic people of change. Food discovered and domesticated by Native-Americans would transform the diet of the incoming settlers and not just the offering that has been made famous as the "First Thanksgiving." Native-Americans also made many important contributions to modern medicine, art, architecture, and ecology. It is not widely taught but during the thousands of years preceding European contact, the Native-American people developed ingenious and creative cultures. They harvested plants for food, dyes, medicines, and textiles. They hunted and domesticated animals. They also established extensive patterns of trade which helped them build cities, "produce monumental architecture, developed intricate systems of religious beliefs; and constructed a wide variety of systems of social and political organization ranging from kin-based bands and tribes to city-states and confederations" (Mintz, 2003)."

Tags:cherokee, indians, shang, dynasty

Abstract
This paper first relates that, for thousands of years, although the Chinese Empire set a standard of civilization and innovation that few others cultures have matched, there has always been a struggle between the politics of Empire and the cultural aspects of its people. The paper then examines the language, literature, philosophy, law, religions, inventions, science and ancient political history of China to underscore the diversity of its cultures and clans. The paper concludes that Chinese culture survived despite the Empire and its various rulers, who recognized the average Chinese only as a human tool to be used for their own needs.

Table of Contents:
Introduction
The Interaction of Various Cultures In China
Literature and Literature/Philosophy
The Law
Religion- Emperors as Divinities
Philosophers versus the Court
Daoist Alternatives
Anarchists
Qin, The 'Anti-Historian
The Failure of Reformers
The Tiers of Society
So Many Diverse Cultures and Clans in China
Inventions and Science
Is There an Antagonistic Position of Culture vs. Empire?

From the Paper
"Considered by many China historians, the name Mencius is second only to Confucius. He did something no philosopher in China had emphasized. He preferred a state of monarchy to the thought of democracy, or "power to the people." Of course, the culture of China in those days was one of reverence by the peasants to the nobility, and the payment of gifts by the nobility to the Emperor to remain nobility. More over, Mencius and his followers infuriated the Emperor because they were avowed pacifists."

Tags:feudalism language women confucius, civil service

Abstract
This paper discusses various issues concerning Chinese culture and its place in American society. The papers provides an insight as to why the Chinese immigrate to the U.S., illustrates the differences between the two cultures and explains the impact America has on the Chinese culture.
The writer also poses the question of whether the Chinese lose part of their own culture due to American influences.

From the Paper
"Chinese immigrants came to America in the middle of the 19th century searching for a higher quality and economic life. They came to America because of advanced opportunities, not only economically, but educational, health, constitutional rights, right to privately own businesses, homes, automobiles, etc. Ambitious Chinese Immigrants saw a better quality life, in the United States that their own country did not provide. The primary reason for Chinese immigration to America is that they were enthusiastic, excited and very eager to capture the opportunities in America."

Tags:asian, american, confucian, destiny, morality, immigration

Abstract
This paper provides a quick look at basic Chinese culture for a traveler or businessman. It explains that Chinese customs are rooted in thousands of years of tradition. Therefore, etiquette is socially ingrained and in many instances, immutable. The writer points out that a foreigner who stays in China for any length of time or who hopes to do business with China should be respectful and observant of Chinese manners.

From the Paper
"Chinese thinking styles have been found to be different from Western style of thinking. A study of Chinese corporate executives by Francesco Sofo and Ting Wang showed that the Chinese subjects showed a "high" style of thinking, characterized by analysis and critique: Chinese people will not immediately agree to an issue before thinking about it carefully and questioning all possibilities. Blind faith is not common. Similarly, Chinese executives enjoy implementing plans and creating rules, as long as their social position requires it. Because Chinese culture is hierarchical, it is important for people to be aware of and respectful of different roles and levels of power. Moreover, Chinese culture is less individualistic than American culture; personal progress is never placed above the progress of the organization. Chinese people generally frown upon open displays of anger or any other strong emotion and are indirect in their modes of communication. Directly insulting a person is one of the strongest taboos; "losing face" is an insult to a person's honor and integrity."

Tags:meal, etiquette, banquet, tradition

Abstract
This paper looks at the planning of a Chinese function as part of a university assignment. It summarizes the whole function from pre-planning, organization until the end production, taking into consideration marketing and finances as well as the catering. It examines how the students demonstrated that they can employ supervisory skills through the planning, organization and production of a function,through the use of practical and technical skills and by the interpretation of the Food and Beverage Control Cycle through the application of the principles and procedures to a practical situation.

Outline
Introduction
Pre-Planning
Approach to Setting Objectives
Strategy for Achieving Objectives
Analysis of:
Marketing Considerations
Financial Considerations
Catering Considerations
Evaluate Function Failures and Overcome Difficulties
Conclusion
Bibliography
Appendix 1 Pre-Planning Function Menu
Appendix 2 "Taste Chinese Food, Taste Chinese Culture" Function Menu
Appendix 3 Handling Complaints
Appendix 4 Blueprinting of the Function.
Appendix 5 Service Procedures
Appendix 6 The Failures of Each Co-Ordinator

From the Paper
"A comparison of competitive catering services reveals trends in private party formats, cuisine menus, theme and entertainment concepts. Competitive business can often provide valuable information to new and developing operations. Although competition wasn't a major problem for the function operation because of the nature of this function- it is a university assessment. The consideration of the competition should not be ignored to help to maintain the function to be better and professional. Group 1 chose Chinese food and Group 2 chose Moroccan food. These 2 groups had exactly same location, facilities and support from the university teachers, and the 2 groups targets on the same customers- university students, lecturers, university staff, their own family and friends etc."

Tags:beverage, financial, food, function, hospitality, marketing

Abstract
This paper is on how the Chinese media covers the Chinese cultural historical events. It includes Chinese traditions, arts and architecture, music, paintings and how it changed periodically.

Abstract
The paper discusses Chinese ideas about health, food, and medicine and explains that Chinese ideas about health, food and medicine are not distinct aspects but rather interrelated ones that serve to promote harmony and temper the senses. The paper explains five influences that the Chinese idea of health care is based on, describes Chinese cooking and refers to the practice of acupuncture. The paper relates that healing, health care and health management with the Chinese should be a holistic approach that serves to understand the culture as well as promote well-being without being biased against the beliefs and values.

From the Paper
"When people hear the word "China" the first thing that comes to mind is a vast country in the Orient filled with wonder and exotic attributes - that was until globalization set put as a major player in the everyday lives of countries and peoples. Now China is known for cheap manufacturing and labor, Dao Ming, Jet Li or Jackie Chan. China is also known as a communist nation with heavy capitalist leaning and this is more apparent as a result of various American companies outsourcing its manufacturing and production facilities there. Despite the supposedly modernized economy of China, they still have their strong values, beliefs and culture. This is also evident when in comes to their beliefs in birth, death, diseases and health in general."

Tags:acupuncture, nutrition, family

Abstract
The paper points out that Japanese and Chinese cultures are independent of one another in that they have accepted their own cultural ideas of others, focus on gender and religious beliefs over the course of time. However, the paper discusses how these views do parallel one another to a significant degree in that as time has elapsed many of the ideas that have survived are correlated between cultures, with individualized philosophies making them unique. For example, the paper notes that the Japanese are taught specific culture attitudes that they exhibit in every day life. The paper relates that the typical Japanese individual views those from other cultures as "outsiders" in Japan, regardless of the residency status of the person ("Japanese Culture", 2007, sec. 1) and this is because the Japanese individual is traditionally taught to be part of a group that is comprised of members of his or her own culture. The paper clarifies that this is not to suggest that the Japanese individual practices rude behavior to others or does not associate with those from other cultural groups. The paper notes that the Japanese individual is taught that despite differences that may exist, a decision can be reached in which both parties will be satisfied with the outcome, and so in most cases individuals foreign to Japan will not witness hostility from those in the Japanese culture.

From the Paper
"The Japanese and Chinese cultures are independent of one another in that they have accepted their own cultural ideas of others, focus on gender and religious beliefs over the course of time. However, these views do parallel one another to a significant degree in that as time has elapsed many of the ideas that have survived are correlated between cultures, with individualized philosophies making them unique. For example, the Japanese are taught specific culture attitudes that they exhibit in every day life. The typical Japanese individual views those from other cultures as "outsiders" in Japan, regardless of the residency status of the person..."

Tags:chinese, japan, culture

Abstract
This paper examines the causes of the Chinese Cultural Revolution, including the Great Leap Forward and Mao's subsequent loss of absolute power. Through the fanaticism of his youthful followers, known as the Red Guards, Mao was launched back into power and unleashed a reign of terror across China. In this research paper, there is special emphasis on the destruction caused by the Red Guards, including, but not limited to, book burning, vandalism, torture, and even murder. This paper essentially discusses the nature of fanatical Maoist ideology. It supports its thesis through the use of primary sources, such as biographies of those who survived the cultural revolution and documents from the period including movies, music, posters, and government documents. A full biography and footnotes in Chicago Manual/Turabian style are included.

From the Paper
"During the 20th century, China experienced unprecedented turmoil and instability. In 1911, the Imperial Ch?ing dynasty was overthrown only to be replaced by two decades of constant civil war and anarchy. Although Chiang Kaishek managed to unify the country in 1928, his rule saw further trouble including the Japanese invasion of Manchuria and a communist insurrection led by Mao Zedong. Following Japan's defeat in the Second World War, Chiang Kaishek, despite some initial successes was defeated at the hands of the communists and was forced to flee to Taiwan. Mao Zedong announced the birth of the People's Republic of China in 1949. Throughout his reign, China suffered from several disasters including the Great Leap Forward, the Hundred Flowers Campaign, but especially the Cultural Revolution. Lasting from roughly 1966-1976, the Cultural Revolution has been considered the most violent and chaotic period in China's modern history. During this era, China experienced the triumph of ideological fanaticism over pragmatism, the mass execution of millions of people, and the near destruction of ancient Chinese culture."

Tags:deng, jiang, liu, shaoqi, xiaoping