Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses two news accounts that presented similar backgrounds regarding the Chinese immigrants in the 19th century and the 20th century. The writer compares and contrasts events taken from these two time periods with academic sources detailing the same. The writer notes that economic strife and the hope of acquiring wealth, while apparently more pronounced in the 20th century, was the primary motivator for these people to take life-threatening risks as well as the risk of being turned back. The writer points out that the politico-social climate had perceptibly changed since 1860, particularly regarding the shift of perceptions of immigrants by native Canadians from a racial, white superiority perspective against the backdrop of colonialism to that of cultural paranoia fueled by biased media coverage and political secondary gain. The writer concludes that although steps have been taken to control immigration, cultural diversity remains elusive. This paper includes a detailed summary and notes regarding each of the sources.


Outline:
The 19th Century
20th Century
Conclusion

From the Paper
"This was one of the first accounts of local press during the 1860s regarding the arrival of Chinese migrants to British Columbia. Being of a foreign land, they initially shared the white man's dreams of finding fortune in the new province similar to the California gold rush. It was an equal proving ground where, literally, one could keep what he reaped from the mines. However, as the fervor of finding instant fortune soon died down in the south, so did the gold rush in British Columbia. This did not mean that other industries were in lack. Indeed, the lumbering and agricultural industries were also abundant, owing to the gold rush that had to be sustained by settlements and towns requiring building materials and a means with which to feed the inhabitants."

Tags:migrations, colonies, gold, immigrant, workers

Abstract
The paper explains that economic strife and the hope of acquiring wealth, while apparently more pronounced in the 20th century, was the primary motivator for these people to take life-threatening risks as well as the risk of being turned back. The paper discusses the shift of perceptions of immigrants by native Canadians from a racial, white superiority perspective against the backdrop of colonialism to that of cultural paranoia fueled by biased media coverage and political secondary gain. The paper also discusses the suspicion of immigrant welfare abuse. The paper asserts that although steps have been taken to control immigration, cultural diversity remains elusive.

Tags:immigration, canada, diversity

Abstract
This paper incorporates various issues in Canadian politics, addressing such topics as multiculturalism, gender equity, non-white feminism, dysfunctional racism in the academy, aboriginal self government and land claims, aboriginal justice, and related matters. The paper further explains and introduces how research was done reflexively, speaking to individuals to obtain understandings other than what appeared in publications.

From the Paper
"This paper discusses some of the most controversial issues of Canadian politics as discussed in the academic and activist communities towards a few unexpected twists and details. Commencing from a provided list of five questions, each topic and the fitting together of an essay proved very interesting tasks. They remind of Canadian polity that is sprinkled across a vast country of distinct regions, of a population from very different origins, and of problems of may continue to be debated, in some cases, a century from now. On every issue, effort was made to collect personal ..."

Tags:diversity, women, Aboriginal

Abstract
This paper reviews Gad Horowitz's book, Canadian Labour in Politics, focusing specifically on the argument Horowitz makes concerning why labor plays a critical role in Canadian politics, but not in U.S. politics. It reviews the argument Horowitz makes concerning Louis Hartz's view of liberal societies. It considers Horowitz's claim that labor is important because Canadian society evolved out of a tradition wherein government is seen -- even by conservatives -- as having an important role to play. It looks at the impact Horowitz's argument has had on politicians and academics.

From the Paper
"In his book Canadian Labour in Politics, Gad Horowitz, provides an analysis of the labor movement's influence on Canadian political life. He discusses the means by which Canada's labor unions have entered the political system as a vital and enduring force -- a force that does not stand outside politics as merely another interest group attempting to gain notice, but as an integrated party crucial to the very political fabric of the society. His work in this book is seminal to the understanding of cultural and social forces that allow labor to be a primary driver of the nation's politics."

Tags:labor, tory, politics

Abstract
This paper is an historical assessment of Canadian politics. The paper evaluates the differences between 19th Century Conservatism and late 20th Century Neo-Conservatism in Canadian political history, and describes these differences in relation to Canadian business and economics.

Abstract
This paper explains that Canada has a long history of political dissension, which is important to the function of the parliament and the provincial legislatures because this system is dependant on the loyalty of one party's colleagues to stand behind them while the other party provides appropriate criticism. The author points out that, while most times a Canadian citizen's choice of party affiliation stems from a commonality of ideals and principles, it also can be based on nothing more than family tradition. The paper relates that, in Canada, the political scene is constantly evolving; in recent years, decentralization has been on the rise, the federal government has abdicated many of its powers to the provinces and the traditional three-party system has splintered off into various other factions.

From the Paper
"While Box's emphasis is on individualism, Canadians seek more explicit acknowledgment of the importance and influence of social organization, expressed in the concept of community, as both driving and restraining individuals' behavior. After all, individuals live in communities that are real in a physical sense, as members of a social group living in and identifying with a locality. However, these communities are also real in a social sense, as members of social groups with common cultural characteristics such as shared beliefs and values. Additionally, they are solidified in an economic sense, as in a group's common ownership of economic resources or participation in economic endeavor."

Tags:community, dissension, decentralization, socialism, regions

Abstract
The reforms that the Chinese government introduced in the last couple of decades or so have brought about a tremendous change in the Chinese economy, to the extent that a major reduction of poverty and a quick increase in income levels are experienced. This paper discusses the history of labor unions and managerial practices, the relationship between the government and business - both local and multinational companies and the market characteristics of the country.

From the Paper
"From Deng Xiaoping in 1978 to the current leadership level, the Chinese have shown a firm commitment towards economic reforms and opening the Chinese economy to the outside world. (Background Note: China) Hence the business environment in China is considered to be very attractive and there are many multinational companies that have already made use of the opportunities offered and many others are venturing to enter the Chinese business market. (Understanding Eastern & Western Culture and Business Practices Legacee) In this paper we shall have an understanding of the history of labor unions and managerial practices, the relationship between the government and business - both local and multinational companies, and shall look at the market characteristics of the country."

Tags:business, labor, unions, government

Abstract
This paper examines the role of interest groups and political parties in the Canadian political process. It identifies their roles and compares and contrasts them.

Abstract
This paper reviews the enormous strides that have been made by Canadian women in recent decades. It discusses how since the 1970s, the number of women attending graduate school, entering the professions and involving themselves in the political process has climbed steadily. The paper then examines how far women have come and whether or not more needs to be done to adequately represent females at the highest reaches of public policy.

Tags:canada, politics, women

Abstract
This paper addresses the question of women's participation in Canadian politics. Initially, the composition of the current House of Commons and Cabinet is considered. Brief biographies of Grace MacInnis and Therese F Casgrain illustrate the challenges that early female politicians faced in 'a man's world'. Finally, future trends and developments as well as measures to increase the participation of women in politics are examined.