Abstract
This paper addresses the complex division that exists between Chinese-Americans at different stages of assimilation into American culture. It presents these ideas by analyzing David Henry Hwang's play, "FOB", in which he uses characters at different stages to illustrate the prejudice that exists between first generation and American-born Chinese-Americans.

From the Paper
"Assimilation of Chinese-Americans in FOB David Henry Hwang's play, FOB, addresses the complex division that exists between Chinese-Americans at different stages of assimilation into American culture. Hwang uses characters at different stages to illustrate the prejudice that exists between first generation and American-born Chinese-Americans. The characters have many things in common, but relate to their Chinese background very differently. This makes the play interesting while allowing Hwang to make his point: Chinese Americans must find some relationship with their Chinese roots to be happy as Chinese-Americans. The prejudice between Dale and Steve is a primary conflict in FOB. Steve is an F.O.B., "fresh off the boat," and this obviously makes Dale uncomfortable. Dale is second generation and allies himself more with American culture, often critical of China."

Tags:david, henry, hwang

Abstract
This paper examines the sociological and cultural acclimatization of Chinese-Americans by exploring the history of their arrival. The writer explains that this assimilation has been made even harder because Americans do not understand the importance ongoing culture plays in the Chinese family's life.

From the Paper
"The Chinese American population holds a unique position in American history. The majority of the initial population of Chinese immigrants arrived in this county under coolie labor contracts, which were similar to the African slaves of the plantations of the South. The Chinese coolies were treated as disposable labor, and given less than full citizen status until the middle of the 1940's. However, this group did not let the American culture assimilate them; rather the Chinese Americans built their own collective identity, which was a unique reflection of the rich Chinese heritage they left behind."

Tags:assimilation, asia, china, culture

Abstract
The paper explores how Chinatown in San Francisco affected the American way of life. The paper describes how the Chinese Americans, left to their own devices, created a community that took care of its own, and in many ways it continues to do so today. The paper relates that the tourism industry has always had its highs and lows, but in San Francisco, thanks to the exotic draw of Chinatown, tourism has never suffered.

From the Paper
"The first person from China to immigrate to the United States was in 1848 in the state of California. The stories of a "Gold Mountain" brought thousands more Chinese to California, but it was not long before the Chinese felt the legislated discrimination of the American public. Newly migrated Chinese were forced out of the gold fields of California and into very low paying laboring jobs in mines, on ranches and herd drives. Chinese Americans were the laborers on the Central Pacific Railroad. They also created fisheries and gave their labor cheaply when there was work that the white man did not want to do. In 1870 work was scarce for the..."

Tags:chinatown, tradition, tourism

Abstract
The paper offers an intimate glimpse of racism and its impact on the individuals who are adversely affected, by sharing the experiences of Maria Cheng, a 24-year-old second-generation Chinese, born and raised in California.

From the Paper
"With their distinctive physical features that distinguish them from other racial groups in American society, Chinese Americans have faced racism throughout the history of their existence in America. During late 19th century, laws were passed that barred Chinese immigration and forbade Chinese from testifying in federal courts against white men (Fung 37). Although Chinese Americans no longer face the same kind of prejudice and have made great strides in establishing themselves in American society, they still suffer from discrimination today."

Tags:discrimination, racism, china

Abstract
This paper examines how the Chinese immigrants arrived in San Joaquin Valley, California, mainly because of the California Gold Rush, and how the San Joaquin Valley, in particular, was rich in gold deposits. It looks at the history of discrimination against the Chinese-Americans, including the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882. It also explores the cultural contributions of the Chinese-Americans and how they incorporated their own traditions in their new life style, thus giving rise to a unique culture.

From the Paper
"Not to be left behind, they eagerly participated in all kinds of events and activities, be it political, social or religious. A Chinese American community was established. Taoism was the chief religion which they practiced and religious meetings were held regularly. When President Zachary Taylor died, the Chinese immigrants actively led and participated in his funeral procession. When California was allowed entry into the Union, they celebrated and the 1952 Fourth of July Parade in San Francisco comprised a great number of prominent members of the Chinese American community."

Tags:exclusion, act, discrinination, gold, rush

Abstract
This paper examines difficulties and issues faced by the Chinese-American community at the beginning of the 20th Century, particularly addressing how these immigrants were perceived as a lower grade of human being. According to the paper, they were not held out as being the equal of fellow Americans and could be subjected to discrimination as a consequence of this. Various examples of institutionalized racism are cited, especially in court cases of the time. The paper concludes by stating that if Chinese communities were inward-looking and insular during this period, it is hardly difficult to see why.

From the Paper
"The decades and years immediately preceding the 1924 Immigration Act (the 1900s, the 1910s, the early 1920s) were difficult ones for Chinese Americans - as they were for Asian-Americans in general. Specifically, they were perceived as a lower grade of human being; in essence, they were not held out as being the equal of fellow Americans and could be subjected to discrimination as a consequence of this. During this time, institutionalized racism was very apparent: in Ekiu Nishimura v. United States (1892), the Supreme Court ruled that a sovereign nation (America)..."

Tags:bias, twentieth, century

Abstract
This paper examines and analyzes the issue of human rights in China, and explores whether human rights has negatively effected Chinese-American relations over the last forty years.

Tags:human, rights

Abstract
This paper discusses the nature of modern literature written by Chinese-American authors. It analyzes common themes and trends in this literature style. Works examined include Eric Liu's "The Accidental Asian" and Maxine Hong Kingston's "The Woman Warrior". It also looks at Lisa See's "On Gold Mountain" and Amy Tan's novel "The Joy Luck Club". The paper discusses issues such as the language style used in these novels and common themes.

From the Paper
"A substantial body of Chinese American writing emerged in the 1970s and the flow of novels, stories, poems, family histories and memoirs has grown steadily ever since. Although there is great variety among these (mostly) second-generation writers the predominant focus of their work has been on questions that have evolved around the phenomenon of being Asian in America. The majority of these writers have forgotten most of their Chinese, never having learned it much beyond their pre-school years, and they write about the difficulty of balancing on the biracial, bicultural cusp between the old-world ways of their parents and their own lives as speakers of American English functioning in a culture that was, and often remains, entirely foreign to their parents. As these American-born Chinese (ABCs) attempt to assess their own place in a nation where they constitute a very small percentage of a population that is sometimes hostile toward them they are also, like most immigrants' children, compelled to wonder about the culture from which they came. The dilemma of their own "Chineseness" is the question underlying all the works discussed here. But there are nearly as many ways of approaching the question as there are writers. The present discussion of various kinds of literary production by a number of contemporary Chinese-American writers will, therefore, concentrate on why writers chose particular forms, how these approaches facilitate the questions they want to ask, and what answers they have found to the essential question of what it means to be "Chinese" in America."

Tags:liu, accidental, asian, gold, mountain, see, woman, warrior, joy, luck, club, tan, kingston

Abstract
The paper attempts to explore the historiography of Chinese-Americans and the impact that the Exclusion Act had on shaping the course of Chinese-American culture. The paper examines why so many Chinese immigrants continued to flock to America in droves if they knew of the hardships and discrimination they would face in America. The paper discovers several historical myths that are not based on primary sources or quantitative data. The paper presents a new approach to Chinese-American history and claims that it will have a dramatic impact on future perceptions of Chinese-Americans.

Outline:
History and Impact of the Exclusion Act
Identity Crisis
A New Generation of Historiographers
Location Specific Works
On Primary Sources

From the Paper
"Erik Lee explored the impact and motive behind the actions of Chinese immigrants in his book At America's Gates. Lee relates the experiences of Chinese Americans to the immigration story of his Grandfather. In this case, he has first had knowledge of the events and their impact on Chinese Americans. This personal experience apparently sparked his interest in the topic of how the Exclusion act impacted other Chinese American Immigrants and their families. Lee uses primary sources to draw his conclusions and support his thesis. He relied exclusively on the documents of immigrants and those that were deported as his data source. This gives his work an incredible air of reliability."

Tags:immigration, race, deportation, identity, discrimination

Abstract
This paper explains that a theory of assimilation states that home ownership trends correlates with other assimilation-related variables such as English proficiency, concentration of Chinese migrants in surrounding residential areas and other human capital indicators such as income and education level. The author points out that, while speaking English well in general elevates one's home-ownership probability, Chinese households that speak English only at home appear to be at a disadvantage relative to those that speak multiple languages in the home. The paper concludes that Chinese immigrant assimilation is not related to housing and follows a vastly different assimilation model, in both indicators and time scales, than other migrant groups.

From the Paper
"The 2002 U.S. Census Bureau reported that the population that identified themselves as Chinese surpassed 2.7 million, making them the largest Asian group in the United States. The Chinese population has had a deeply rooted and often turbulent immigrant history in the U.S., as a prior exemption from anti-immigration acts ended in 1882 with the Chinese Exclusion Act specifically denying Chinese immigrants any chances of naturalization. However, with the Immigration and Nationality Act Amendments of 1965 revoked ethnic origin immigration laws. And after long decades of slow growth under tight constraints, Chinese immigration exploded and brought a new, and very different, group of immigrants to America's shores. A wave of skilled workers and family members entered the country and effectually eliminated the old quota system. As a result, the Chinese American population in the U.S. almost doubled within ten years."

Tags:ethnoburb, probability, english, correlation, theory