Abstract This paper looks at the financial services and import/export markets in China, India and South Korea.
From the Paper "The pressures of growth and advantageous strategic marketing facing Multinational Corporations (MNCs) are multifaceted and unprecedented. Capital markets boards of directors and shareholders all demand that senior executives formulate powerful corporate strategies that will procure long-term profit centers within the global economy. As a rule of thumb, a firm becomes a MNC if its foreign sales, not including assets, are ?or more of total sales."
Tags: Big Emerging Markets, trends, economic analysis, multinational corporations, China, India, South Korea
Abstract A brief comparison of the way people live in both China and India. It shows that both countries do not provide equal opportunities for their women - Communism and the caste system. In China the emphasis is on a good education and striving for hard work while in India most of the population is illiterate. The writer suggests that while both countries are densely populated their attitude towards life are very different.
From the Paper "The cultures of India and China share some similarities, yet are vastly different when answering the question of how ideally a person should live their life. India, as a country, embraces the diversity of their people, and lives peacefully despite the different religions that coexist. The country supports a large population that is estimated at over 1 billion people. The people of India speak thousands of languages, practice nearly every religion imaginable, and oddly enough still incorporate the caste system. China similarly supports a 1-billion+ population, along with social classes, but more emphasis is placed on being male, and receiving higher education. Communism has been a very intrusive government system, which has dramatically influenced the everyday way of life in China."
Abstract This paper examines the geopolitical conditions confronting India at the outset of the 21st century and the politico-economic threats posed to it by regional embroilment in the war on terror. The paper argues that, within the regional context of the descent of the former Soviet Union and the ascent of China, India has to aggressively and comprehensively redesign its security agendas, further taking into account the relationship developed between the United States and Pakistan vis-a-vis potential implications for the Kashmir conflict.
From the Paper "India's security concerns have changed dramatically over the past two decades. The country's primary external security problem is no longer Pakistan's nuclear capabilities and the potential of armed confrontation over Kashmir, and its internal security problem is no longer confined to the challenge of containing ethnic conflicts. India's security concerns have considerably expanded consequent to both the collapse of the Soviet Union and the former power's unaccounted for arsenal of weapons of mass destruction, and the status of the region as one of the focal points for the war on terror. It is imperative, as Amit Gupta a political science and security professor at Stonehill College states, it is imperative that India redefine its security priorities and design a new national security program which takes into account the geopolitical changes that have swept over the region (1044-145). Bearing in mind the changed geopolitical regional realities, India's new security agenda needs to address the collapse of the Soviet Union and the emergence of China as the primary regional power, confront the challenges posed by the war on terror, bearing its domestic consequences in mind, and reassess its relationship with Pakistan, aiming towards a peaceful resolution of the Kashmir conflict."
Abstract With the 20th century, the railroad reached maturity. Railroad building continued on a fairly extensive scale in some parts of the world, notably in Canada, China, India, and the former Soviet Union. This paper discusses how railways conditioned the development of the economy (including industrialization and improvements in agriculture), society (including urbanization and immigration), and politics (in war as well as in peace) in the United States and these four countries during the 19th and early 20th centuries (1800-1914). Paper includes a graphic and table.
From the Paper "There was a lot of land to be explored in the United States during early 19th century. The survey map shown in Figure 1 below is the earliest in the United States that shows a commercial "tramroad." This map was drawn in Pennsylvania in October 1809 by John Thomson and was entitled "Draft Exhibiting . . . the Railroad as Contemplated by Thomas Leiper Esq. From His Stone Saw-Mill and Quarries on Crum Creek to His Landing on Ridley Creek" In 1873, the Thomson family donated the 1809 map to the Delaware County Institute of Science to substantiate the claim that the map and Leiper's railroad were the first such work in North America (Ward 1980). In 1826 a commercial tramroad had been surveyed and constructed at Quincy, Massachusetts, by Gridley Bryant, with the machinery developed by Solomon Willard. This railway used horsepower to haul granite for building the Bunker Hill Monument from the quarries at Quincy, four miles to the wharf on the Neponset River (Boorstin 1965)."
Tags: canada, century, china, india, industrial, locomotive, nineteenth, railroad, revolution, russia, soviet, union
Abstract This paper discusses urbanization and rural urban migration in developing countries. In particular, the paper discusses the role that the entrepreneurial class, made up most of rural peasant migrants, has had on China. Basically these individuals are responsible for all of the political and economic changes in China.
From the Paper "Urbanization and rural-urban migrations are two very closely related phenomena. According to K. Jegasothy in "Population and Rural-Urban Environmental Interactions in Developing Countries," urbanization is conventionally defined as a process of spatial movement of a population towards towns and cities and their resulting expansion" (Jegasothy 1031). Urbanization is the direct result of rural-urban migrations. This is because urbanization is caused by people from rural areas moving into cities and towns. The rate of urbanization and rural-urban migrations has been increasing in recent decades."
A look at India's development from as early as the 3rd millennium and how other nations and civilizations often imposed their rule on India. The primary focus of the paper is on how British rule in India continues to effect modern Indian politics.
3,960 words (approx. 15.8 pages), 6 sources, 2001, $ 107.95
Abstract In this paper the author examines how British rule has made an impact on Indian politics. Making comparison to Abdullah Hussein's characters in "Weary Generations", the author suggests that British rule, in modern Indian politics, continues to be "an unhappy marriage that still is not broken". The second section of the paper discusses political institutions in contemporary India and their relevance, whilst the third section looks at Indian ancient civilization which the author suggests has led to a modern day philosophy of non-violence, religious tolerance. The paper concludes with a look at democracy in India as compared to that in China and Japan.
From the paper:
?The English made many external changes that led to the Indian people's desire and ability to become their own unified country. Although unification may never have happened without the influence of the British, it was the Indians themselves that eventually achieved their unity. The British could not completely unify India.?
Abstract This paper explains that India's large population and the conflict between religious and political groups throughout the country have crippled the economy of the India. The author points out that India signed an agreement with China to set up another point of border trade in Changgu of Sikkim on the Indian side and Renqinggang of the Tibet Autonomous Region on the Chinese side, which will ensure that these areas have a venue for a border trade market. The paper states that the major industries in India include chemicals, textiles, cement, mining, petroleum, machinery, software, steel, transportation equipment, and food processing; many major global corporations have offices and manufacturing plants in India.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Current Statistics
Exchange Rates, Inflation and Interest Rates
Currency
Trading Partners and Policies
Trade Agreements and Dominant Industries, Companies and the Black Market
From the Paper "India is a country that enjoys trade with nations around the world. These nations include; America, the UK, and China. America is India's chief trading partner with 22% of all Indian exports being sent to America. The UK and UAE are both at 4% while China, Hong Kong and Germany hover around 4.5%. The country's import partners include; Singapore, China, Belgium, the United States, and the United Kingdom. Exports from April of 2003 to December of 2003 were estimated at 42.5 billion. This was a 13.3% growth rate over the previous year."
Abstract The paper focuses on India's two most significant environment crises of water and air pollution. The paper explains how these problems are very much related to the urbanization process and the ever expanding population. The paper explores possible solutions that India can take on a local, national and international level to aid in decreasing their environmentally damaging activities.
From the Paper "Industrialization and urbanization are the two factors that are primarily to blame for the profound deterioration of India's air quality. India has more than twenty cities with populations that exceed one million, and some of them are considered the most polluted as far as air quality in the world. Of the three million premature deaths in the world that occur annually as a result of outdoor and indoor air pollution, the highest number of cases assessed occur in India (Ashmore, 141). The sources of these air pollution emissions come from several distinct directions; vehicular emissions are one extremely large factor but the more prevalent one in this case is industrial smoke and pollution . The urbanization process which has ultimately led to the creation of more industry centered cities has exacerbated the problem (Abraham, 30)."
Abstract An analysis of the history of India as compared to the histories of China and Turkey. The author concentrates on India's struggle for freedom, self-rule and independence with a fight for a recognition of its culture and religious beliefs of its people.
From the Paper "In Chapter 3 of Daniel Brower's book on World History, ?The World in the Twentieth Century: from Empires to Nations,? the author presents salient features of the post World War I histories of three countries: Turkey, India and China. Each of these countries reeling under the yoke of an oppressive combination of monarchies and colonial forces found a national voice for unification and self-governance (Brower, 2002)"
Tags:india, turkey, rule, foreign, history, china, communism, world, war
Abstract This paper stresses that, although many economists point to China's rapidly growing economy and decreasing poverty rate, the figures on poverty in the country are still alarming, especially in the rural areas. The author points out that policy measures focusing on local poor regions should include promoting growth of resource improvement, rural education, labor issues and health, especially as sickness issues are one of the primary factors driving China's rural poverty. The paper relates that the bulk of poverty reduction techniques for China should involve taxation, international aid and the abolishment of the vast rural-urban segmentation characteristic of China, a situation that is being exacerbated by China's growing industrialization. The paper includes several quotations.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Poverty in China: Background
Poverty in China: Important Issues for Address
Policy Measures for Improving China's Poverty
Conclusion
From the Paper "It is an unarguable fact that China's poverty problem is primarily rural. China is generally being effective in reducing its absolute poverty; however, relative poverty appears to be increasing. China's spread of poverty is highly regional. ... China's widening economic disparity is generally thought to exist owing to reform and structural changes within the nation that shifted "central planning to markets and from agriculture to manufacturing and services, and opening up to international trade and knowledge transfer." The nation showcases a distinctive lack of rural job opportunities under a climate of increasing industrialization."
Tags: rural, urban, health, taxation, international
A study of the methods used by the two most populous nations on earth, emphasizing the difference between China's coercive policy and India's voluntary policy.
4,122 words (approx. 16.5 pages), 23 sources, 2000, $ 110.95
From the Paper "Overpopulation is perhaps the single most pervading force of today's society. Transcending boundaries of political science, economics, sociology or any other field working with issues relevant to contemporary society, the mathematical certainty of exponential population growth is simple; By the time we begin to sense overpopulation, it is only a short time until the problem reaches mammoth and uncontrollable scale. Particularly in the third world, where resources are scarce, the imperative for action for clear. China and India are the two most heavily populated nations of the world, yet have taken radically different approaches to population control. India has maintained a strictly non-coercive population policy, and indeed the population has skyrocketed. China, on the other hand, has succeeded in curbing the population growth rate quite significantly by taking a much more proactive stance. While pragmatically effective, China's policies are so authoritarian and coercive that they lead to consequences considered simply inhuman by many."
Abstract This paper looks at how the interaction and mutual reinforcement of technological innovations, nationalist motivations, and new imperialism created an entirely new global system by the beginning of the early 20th century. The writer points out that, during this time, European powers controlled large portions of the world's land mass, including China, India, and Africa. The root cause of this explosion in colonialism can be found in the nationalistic motivations of European nations, which desired to affirm the supremacy of their countries through expansion and domination. It argues that the success of new imperialism can be traced to the development and adaptation of new technologies like quinine, steel-hulled gunboats, breech-loading rifles, railroads, and the telegraph. It explains how these technologies allowed European powers unprecedented access to India, China, and Africa, thus providing the means for the advent of the new imperialism. In turn, the success of the new imperialism reaffirmed the colonialist belief in their nationalistic motivations and the supremacy of their nation.
From the Paper "By the early 20th century, a new and distinctive global system had developed out of the interaction and mutual reinforcement of technological innovations, nationalist motivations, and new imperialism. Nationalist motivations to acquire land and glory for the good of one's nation likely played an important part in driving the new imperialism that characterized the beginning of the 19th century. In turn, technology provided a means for countries like Britain and France to expand their overseas territories, and thus bring many of their nationalist dreams to fruition. Overall, the interplay between nationalist motivations, new imperialism and technological innovation was a complex and profoundly important factor in the history of the early 20th century and late 19th century."
Abstract This research paper explores the implications of rapid industrial and urban growth in the Guangdong Province of China. According to the paper, there are environmental consequences of industrialization. The paper focuses on water contamination, garbage disposal and air pollution and reviews government plans to improve the situation.
Outline:
Contaminated Drinking Water: Water Pollution
Garbage Disposal
Toxic Fumes and Unclean Air Due to Air Pollution
Conclusion
From the Paper "Because much of Guangdong relies on the Pearl River and Pearl River delta for water, the Xijiang, Beijiang, Dongjiang, Hanjiang, Rongjiang and Moyangjiang Rivers that combine to form the Pearl River, are equally as important. Since residents of Guangdong rely heavily on these rivers, the cleanliness of the water is extremely vital to their well-being. However, the scarcity of clean water remains a great problem here for many rural residents. The lack of clean water leads to a shortage of clean drinking water. This is a significant problem because a large amount of the water consumed by the general public is dirty water.This problem exists due to a couple of reasons. It is important to understand the source of the problem. Therefore, the main question is how is the water contaminated? "
Abstract The paper explores the towering personality of eighteenth-century East India Company Commander Robert Clive and how his forceful personality -combined with questionable ethics - established the East India Company as the de facto ruler of North-East India. The paper also shows how Clive undermined the legitimacy of the regional Nawabs while transforming Indian society in ways that created anger and resentment among Indians. The paper then looks at how the Chinese managed to secure a degree of autonomy in contrast to the Indians.
From the Paper "The beginning of the East India Company's century of political domination in the "crown jewel" of the British Empire dates back to the 1750s - at least according to historian Philip Lawson. Specifically, shortly after securing the corporate presidency, Robert Clive was called upon to respond to an emergency in Bengal involving the capture of Calcutta by the new Nawab, Siraj-ud-Daula. While the matter is actually rather complex, what had essentially happened is that a simmering Mogul rivalry had spilled over into British affairs. Particularly, the Nawab had imprisoned 146 Europeans - of whom 123 died in one evening in a crowded cell. Suffice it to say, the Nawab's actions and the reckless disregard for the safety and security of the Europeans sparked mass revulsion across Europe (most notably in Great Britain) and Clive became one of the two senior commanders of an expeditionary force sent from Madras to re-capture Calcutta and rescue those Europeans who had not perished; the campaign, just as one might expect, was a huge success and marked the high point in Clive's military career."
Abstract This paper discusses the problem of water pollution and its effects on the economy and personal lives of China's citizens. In particular, the paper focuses on the water pollution problem in the city of Shenzhen in the Guangdong province. The paper explains how the process of urbanization has contributed to the water pollution problem, looks at how water pollution can undermine an entire city by affecting the economy, environment, and people of the area and discusses what will happen if the problem is not addressed as well as what measures can be undertaken to reduce the amount of water pollution in the region.
Table of Contents
Introduction
The City of Zhenzhen
The Problem
Polluted Water Sources
Causes of Water Pollution
Outlooks
Conclusion
From the Paper "In China, urbanization has been occurring at a rapid pace; in the year 1986 China's state council officially designated 29 new cities. This addition of new cities, many located in rural areas away from the largest metropolitan areas of China has resulted in major urbanization of the country in the last thirty years. The province of Guandong is undergoing major growth and change; the city of Shenzhen is one example of this rapid growth."
