Abstract
This paper provides a brief history of China, its economy and its world trade. This paper discusses the barriers that are keeping the PRC from meetings its trading goals: Fears of ideological differences, social upheaval, change and economic freedom. The author suggests that trade relations will improve when China opens its banking system to foreign banks.

Table of Contents
Overview
Brief History of China
The Chinese Economy
China's Major Trading Partners
Barriers for China's Trade Growth
How the World Must Trade With China

From the Paper
"This difference that Williamson addresses is one which plays a profound role in the strategy of the Chinese government when considering increasing trade relations. The Western model of capitalism is based on the belief that industry, when left alone grows and prospers within a free market economy, one that not only provides substance for its citizens but also leaves a surplus for export. In China, however, success is based on the exchange of economic advantages for political favors, major profits for technological innovation, and multilateral agreements with other Asian nations where vital resources are at stake."

Tags:banking, japan, capitalism, free, market

Abstract
This paper takes a look at the history of China's national economy, based on the perspective of PT Bauer's theory of economic attainment and achievement. It then goes on to review and discuss China's current economic situation focusing on China's emerging markets and transitional economic position. The paper further discusses the role of the Bank of China in this economy.

From the Paper
"Today, in China, the state has managed to change its policies in providing funding to various state-owned enterprises, from appropriations to loans, and this has had the result that the original free appropriation relationship that existed between state-owned enterprises and banks broke completely. This in turn meant that they were replaced by credit relations on commercial terms, and this means that loans for the domestic banks would serve as the most important channels and the main marks for the marketization of capital in China. The proportion taken up by domestic loans therefore may be partially used to measure the marketization of the capital of China. Upon an intensive study, it was revealed that the loans for the state policy banks, witnessed from either the absolute quantity or the relative quantity, showed a reducing trend since 1997. This also means that while there has been a sharp growth in the loans from commercial banks, which attained 92 percent in 2001, they also occupied an absolutely dominating position. This means a remarkably high degree of marketization of capital in China. Therefore, it can be stated that marketization in China has today reached much higher levels than ever before. (Comprehensive analysis on marketization of capital in China)"

Tags:finance, growth, market, system, economic, miracle, regulatory, institutions

Abstract
The paper asserts that over the last thirty years, the emergence of China as a global economic power has been nothing short of phenomenal. The paper relates that as the numbers show, since 1978, China's economy has expanded with annual growth of gross domestic product (GDP) averaging 9.4 percent (Devlin, Estevadeordal & Rodriguez-Clare, 2006, p. 3), and this now makes China the world's sixth largest economy. The paper notes that in the mix of China's rapid growth in GDP is an equally impressive rise in the nation's exports. The paper explores the impact of China's growth as an export country on global business and trade.

From the Paper
"Over the last thirty years, the emergence of China as a global economic power has been nothing short of phenomenal. As the numbers show, since 1978, China's economy has expanded with annual growth of gross domestic product (GDP) averaging 9.4 percent (Devlin, Estevadeordal & RodrAfAguez-Clare, 2006, p. 3). As widely reported, this now makes China the world's sixth largest economy. In the mix of China's rapid growth in GDP is an equally impressive rise in the nation's exports. The following discussion explores the impact of China's growth as an export country on..."

Tags:china economy, china exports, global economics

Abstract
The paper assesses the theory that one reason that the United States has for performing so poorly in the economic sphere in recent years is the growing strength of the economy of China. The growth of the Chinese economy has resulted in employment being taken from Americans as many companies have chosen instead to outsource their factories in China. The paper also discusses the political arena and argues that China is also gaining popularity while the U.S. is loosing respect on a world-wide scale.

From the Paper
"China's recent gains in industrial growth have changed the ways in which the rest of the world now perceives the country, especially concerning the other major world powers. As this trend continues, China could change current power relationships and current existing financial situations, especially in regards to the United States. If one country takes a strong hold on the economy, the entire ratio begins to shift. Currently, as China has taken such a stronghold through their economic and industrial growth, this has taken an affect on the United States. With China's new position in the Twenty-First century, the U.S. has been negatively affected in relation to their previous economic position, as China obtains manufacturing companies who once did business within the United States, begins to require and utilize more natural resources and fossil fuels..."

Tags:u.s., china, economy

Abstract
China officially joined the World Trade Organization last year after a long series of negotiations. The entry of China into this world body has aroused mixed emotions among business analysts in the United States. Proponents feel that it will help Chinese economy and make its industries more competitive, while opponents are of the view that United States employment rate will be badly hurt by China?s accession to WTO. China will certainly stand to benefit from increased trend towards global sourcing and the paper studies China?s entry with reference to this particular issue.

From the Paper
"China today enjoys a prominent position in the world because it is one of the fastest growing markets and this makes it the center of attention for the global businesses. The country has been introducing trade reforms since a long time now and in its attempt to become a major part of the world community, it offered to join World Trade Organization, which already has 142 members. But accession has not been a smooth journey for China because it was after almost 15 years that it was finally granted entry into this trade body. But it is felt that with the entry of China, things are going to change dramatically for businesses in Asia Pacific region and also for those firms that are on the look out for global emerging markets. In the past few years globalization has been the major trend for all large businesses especially the ones in the United States. The American corporate world has been engaged in global sourcing for sometime and with the entry of China in WTO, it is almost certain that these firms would find a wider market and sourcing would increase rapidly with China opening its doors to businesses around the world. "

Tags:businesses, china, economy, global, globalization, markets, organization, trade, world, wto

Abstract
This essay provides an analysis of China's economy and and the management that has been enacted to help promote various market changes. The essay describes a process by which business leaders in China used examples from western style leadership to reform the market system. It provides an overview of the transition and examples to changes that were made.

Outline:
Introduction
Changes in the System
Impacts on Management
Financing Constraints
Triangular Relationship
State Domination and Financial Markets
Conclusion

From the Paper
"A shift towards public financing for these firms will bring a triangular relationship into play with respect to Chinese business management. Private firms will need to adopt management styles more in line with the expectations of shareholders. This will bring managerial practice of private enterprise back towards that of the 2/3 privatized firms. At the same time, the 2/3 privatized firms and even some of the remaining public firms are in a position where they need to attract foreign investment, a situation exacerbated by the current economic crisis.
"The needs of the internal investing community are different than the needs of the domestic investing community. Profit is the defining motive for both, but whereas the domestic investors are willing to take a controlling role in a firm in order to protect their investment, investors in the international community prefer legal system protect their wealth. Failures such as Asia Aluminum will therefore push foreign investors to demand that their interests are as protected as the interests of domestic investors. This leads to a situation where the economic reforms are being pulled towards the development of private enterprise; private enterprise management will move towards a more traditional type of management; and in the partially-privatized firms management will take on aspects of both the international style and the fully-private style."

Tags:china, economy, business, economic reform

Abstract
A look at the history of the economic expansion of China, the preconditions and policies that have resulted in China becoming the natural economic leader in the region. This includes a discussion of the reasons behind China's continuing influence on the global economy.

From the Paper
"This paper discusses the economic expansion of China over the last twenty years and China's leading role in the entire East Asian region. Additionally, China's continuing influence on the global economy by virtue of its massive manufacturing base and its potentially huge internal consumer market is examined. The argument is the China, by virtue of its economic, cultural, and political force defines the character of East Asia's economic profile."

Tags:china, economy, growth

Abstract
This paper reviews Burstein and de Keijzer's "Big Dragon China's Future: What it Means for Business, the Economy, and the Global Order" in which both authors predict that by the 2030s China will be the world's largest economy. This paper discusses the various companies that have suffered due to the shifting politics of foreign policy between China being in favor one day and out the next. This paper also details the views of Jeffrey Garten, a writer for "Harvard Business Review" who sees China as enticement for foreign investors, yet stresses caution should be used in developing any business relationship with China. This well-written paper covers several areas regarding China's economy including a U.S. initiative supporting China's membership in the World Trade Organization, expansion of U.S. public-private partnerships to invest and help solve particular problems in China and development of China's policy mutually with U.S. allies. "Big Dragon" profiles many individual Chinese entrepreneurs and others who are bringing a new China into being. This paper also focuses on Zhang Wei, one of China's more successful entrepreneurs, who went from government researcher to heading a company employing 400 in only three years. Despite the differences between practices in China and other countries, many corporations are willing to take a big gamble on China, seeing that their future is dependent on their performance in China.

From the Paper
"Over the course of his history, Zhang has captured the essence of the Chinese business world of "catch-as-catch-can". His corporation has various types of holdings, often-different one from the other. Zhang has bridged the gap across the Pacific with the United States with his position of "master franchise holder in China" of an American company, Fun World. What makes this situation particularly unique is that it is one of the first companies in China "to buy an interest in a U.S. company." At the time Big Dragon was written, Zhang was "negotiating an arrangement that would shift manufacturing of all the equipment for the centers to China." Zhang hopes to take the U.S. company over altogether, including the export of the concept to "other countries and selling the franchisees Chinese-made equipment." Zhang has encountered some problems along the way, problems that are compounded by China's culture and lack of laws, which govern specific business issues. One is that franchisees have stolen the company name and have opened their own centers."

Tags:china, politics, economy, business, international, trade, globalization, policy

Abstract
This paper reviews "Understanding China: A Guide to China's Economy, History and Political Structure" by John Bryan Starr. This paper discusses China's ancient culture and its emergence as one of the foremost powers in the modern world. This paper focuses on China's recent admission to the World Trade Organization and as well as its economy which is set to become the largest in the world within the next few years. The writer of this paper examines China's political history and contends that in spite of the country's numerous transformations, the structure of the government is today fundamentally identical with what it was under the later imperial dynasties. Today, there is no emperor at the top, but instead a small committee of the leading members of various political parties who hold much the same position. Although there had been significant changes in China's economy, few political changes transpired. The communists still hold a monopoly of power and although its economic policies scarcely seem to be communist anymore, it does not intend to relax its political grip.

From the Paper
"Starr contends that China remains one of the most self-contained and hence inscrutable countries in the world. It has an ancient culture of major historical importance, and has been emerging as one of the foremost powers of the modern world. It is the third largest country in the world and certainly the most populous, with about one-fifth of the world's total population. Modern communications make it as easy to reach Beijing from London or New York as it is to get to Singapore or Nairobi. Yet China remains little known and poorly understood; few foreigners learn its language or study its history and culture. Although foreign trade and tourism have increased dramatically in the last decade, they are only very slowly leading to any changes in foreign perceptions of China."

Tags:china, asia, economy, history, culture, communism

Abstract
This paper discusses the progress made in opening China's economy to Western investors and goes on to explain that as the older communist hard-liners retire and die off, the new younger politicians who have benefited from the growth of a free market economy will replace the old guard. This paper also ponders the paranoia in China and the U.S. which keeps China from completely abandoning its policies of aggression. The writer of this paper ascertains that China's policy in Hong Kong and their willingness to offer the Taiwanese the same separate system of government are both signs that China will be less aggressive in the next century.
Topics covered this report include:
Introduction
The Move Towards a Free Market Economy
The Move Away From Isolationism
A New Non-Aggressive China for New Millennium
Conclusion
Works Cited

From the Paper
"Under Mao Tse Tung, China maintained a policy of isolationism. The European Imperial powers had devastated the Chinese economy and the was a strong and natural mistrust for the former powers. England's policy opium for goods caused an increase in the production of opium and turned a large segment of the population into addicts. Opium was illegal under Chinese law, but as the British gained control, these laws were ignored. Economic distrust was warranted, and the country followed a path of economic and political isolationism. This started to change in the seventies with Richard Nixon's visit, and has continued up until present day. As China becomes a more free market oriented economy, isolationism will disappear completely."

Tags:economy, business, culture, communism, government, policy