This paper examines "Big Dragon China's Future: What it Means for Business, the Economy, and the Global Order" by Daniel Burstein and Arne de Keijzer who both contend that China is well on its way to becoming the world's largest economy.
Abstract This paper reviews Burstein and de Keijzer's "Big Dragon China's Future: What it Means for Business, the Economy, and the Global Order" in which both authors predict that by the 2030s China will be the world's largest economy. This paper discusses the various companies that have suffered due to the shifting politics of foreign policy between China being in favor one day and out the next. This paper also details the views of Jeffrey Garten, a writer for "Harvard Business Review" who sees China as enticement for foreign investors, yet stresses caution should be used in developing any business relationship with China. This well-written paper covers several areas regarding China's economy including a U.S. initiative supporting China's membership in the World Trade Organization, expansion of U.S. public-private partnerships to invest and help solve particular problems in China and development of China's policy mutually with U.S. allies. "Big Dragon" profiles many individual Chinese entrepreneurs and others who are bringing a new China into being. This paper also focuses on Zhang Wei, one of China's more successful entrepreneurs, who went from government researcher to heading a company employing 400 in only three years. Despite the differences between practices in China and other countries, many corporations are willing to take a big gamble on China, seeing that their future is dependent on their performance in China.
From the Paper "Over the course of his history, Zhang has captured the essence of the Chinese business world of "catch-as-catch-can". His corporation has various types of holdings, often-different one from the other. Zhang has bridged the gap across the Pacific with the United States with his position of "master franchise holder in China" of an American company, Fun World. What makes this situation particularly unique is that it is one of the first companies in China "to buy an interest in a U.S. company." At the time Big Dragon was written, Zhang was "negotiating an arrangement that would shift manufacturing of all the equipment for the centers to China." Zhang hopes to take the U.S. company over altogether, including the export of the concept to "other countries and selling the franchisees Chinese-made equipment." Zhang has encountered some problems along the way, problems that are compounded by China's culture and lack of laws, which govern specific business issues. One is that franchisees have stolen the company name and have opened their own centers."
Abstract This paper researches the relationship between the United States and China in regards to trading policies. A brief description of the United States' foreign policy is provided followed by an examination of the US-China trade relation from 1979 to present. The context of the research centers around the four p's in trading; power, principles, prosperity and peace and how in each area China has maintained such variables in trading. The other issues that are discussed as integral to the relationship of US-China trade are US-Soviet relations in regards to the China Card, Tiananmen Square, human rights, and labor standards. The paper concludes that the relationship between the U.S and China as described in the paper is teetering and yet, because of the WTO and foreign investments such as Boeing, trade with China is inevitable.
Outline:
China's Trade
China's Trade Relations
China Card
Tiananmen Square Protests of 1989
Conclusion
From the Paper "The concept of trade between countries is one that has been prevalent since the shipping industry of early China. In fact China and its role with the WTO is one in which there exists strain. China became a member of the WTO in December of 2001. China had been an original member of GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade) but has since declined any efforts towards globalization. However, since its inclusion with the WTO in 2001 China is under specific WTO regulations. These regulations are highlighted as nondiscrimination in trading policies, market opening, transparency and predictability, undistorted trade, and preferential treatment towards developing countries."
This paper examines the rich history, economy and culture of China as depicted in John Bryan Starr's "Understanding China: A Guide to China's Economy, History and Political Structure."
Abstract This paper reviews "Understanding China: A Guide to China's Economy, History and Political Structure" by John Bryan Starr. This paper discusses China's ancient culture and its emergence as one of the foremost powers in the modern world. This paper focuses on China's recent admission to the World Trade Organization and as well as its economy which is set to become the largest in the world within the next few years. The writer of this paper examines China's political history and contends that in spite of the country's numerous transformations, the structure of the government is today fundamentally identical with what it was under the later imperial dynasties. Today, there is no emperor at the top, but instead a small committee of the leading members of various political parties who hold much the same position. Although there had been significant changes in China's economy, few political changes transpired. The communists still hold a monopoly of power and although its economic policies scarcely seem to be communist anymore, it does not intend to relax its political grip.
From the Paper "Starr contends that China remains one of the most self-contained and hence inscrutable countries in the world. It has an ancient culture of major historical importance, and has been emerging as one of the foremost powers of the modern world. It is the third largest country in the world and certainly the most populous, with about one-fifth of the world's total population. Modern communications make it as easy to reach Beijing from London or New York as it is to get to Singapore or Nairobi. Yet China remains little known and poorly understood; few foreigners learn its language or study its history and culture. Although foreign trade and tourism have increased dramatically in the last decade, they are only very slowly leading to any changes in foreign perceptions of China."
An examination of the concept of Greater China as it is described by Harry Harding in his essay "The Concept of Greater China: Themes, Variations, and Reservations".
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 3 sources, 2005, $ 35.95
Abstract This paper examines how Harry Harding in his essay "The Concept of Greater China: Themes, Variations, and Reservations", describes a China that goes beyond the geographic and political boundaries of the People s Republic of China. This China which includes Chinese communities around the world is becoming more closely integrated through trade and technology. The paper examines this idea of Greater China as it is described by Harding and other writers.
From the Paper "Harry Harding, in his essay "The Concept of Greater China: Themes, Variations and Reservations," describes a "China" that goes beyond the geographic and political boundaries of the People's Republic of China. This China, which includes Chinese communities around the world, is becoming more closely integrated through trade and technology. In this paper I will examine this idea of Greater China as it is described by Harding and other writers."
Abstract This paper discusses whether China is emerging as a technological superpower. After analyzing the major constituents of China's recent technological progress the Chinese education system is evaluated. The paper shows that critical deficiencies as to indigenous innovation and technological competitiveness still exist. The paper concludes that China's great potential of future technological advancement significantly requires that the country first enhance its state of education.
Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
The Technological Situation in China Economic Progress
Foreign Contribution
Classification of Technology
Research and Development
China's State Of Education
Stages of Education
Compatibility of Education Systems
China's Educational Achievements
Educational Challenges
International Competitiveness
Conclusion
From the Paper "These zones were set up in several Chinese cities and regions to provide significant advantages for enterprises operating there. In particular, imported goods were free of both tariffs and taxes. As a consequence, an increasing number of foreign investors started to take advantage of the attractive conditions and the special economic zones evolved into China's major economic centres. Over the course of time, the Chinese government began to focus on technology as a top priority. This strategy was a direct result of the massive flow of foreign direct investment (FDI) into China's more capital-intensive industries."
Abstract China officially joined the World Trade Organization last year after a long series of negotiations. The entry of China into this world body has aroused mixed emotions among business analysts in the United States. Proponents feel that it will help Chinese economy and make its industries more competitive, while opponents are of the view that United States employment rate will be badly hurt by China's accession to WTO. China will certainly stand to benefit from increased trend towards global sourcing and the paper studies China's entry with reference to this particular issue.
From the Paper "China today enjoys a prominent position in the world because it is one of the fastest growing markets and this makes it the center of attention for the global businesses. The country has been introducing trade reforms since a long time now and in its attempt to become a major part of the world community, it offered to join World Trade Organization, which already has 142 members. But accession has not been a smooth journey for China because it was after almost 15 years that it was finally granted entry into this trade body. But it is felt that with the entry of China, things are going to change dramatically for businesses in Asia Pacific region and also for those firms that are on the look out for global emerging markets. In the past few years globalization has been the major trend for all large businesses especially the ones in the United States. The American corporate world has been engaged in global sourcing for sometime and with the entry of China in WTO, it is almost certain that these firms would find a wider market and sourcing would increase rapidly with China opening its doors to businesses around the world. "
Abstract This research discusses China's currency policy and how it affects global trade patterns.This paper pays particular attention to trade patterns with the world's leading economies such as the US and the EU. The US trade deficit with China is cited as an example of its use of an artificially valued currency as an effective barrier to trade imports into China. In this sense China's undervalued yuan is a barrier to imports and is maintained as such although China employs its undervalued yuan more to maintain its comparative advantage relative to its export market.
From the Paper "There are many types of trade barriers that can have a deep and lasting impact on the character of trade relations between nations. One of the most visible nations in the world today relative to trade and economic vitality is China. China's de facto role as the world's manufacturer has meant that its export market and foreign trade relations are intricately intertwined with the leading economies of the world such as the US and the EU. In this respect, leveling the balance of trade between China and these other leading economies is important to their long-term health. For example, the size of the US' trade deficit with China was over $200 billion and growing in 2004 (China, 2005)."
Abstract In this article, the writer discusses the United States trade policy with China. This paper analyzes the most favored nations status that China currently holds. The writer examines how China does business, bearing in mind the trade status that China possesses. Further, the writer discusses the reaction of the Bush administration.
From the Paper "Most-favored-nation status guarantees Chinese goods the same tariff treatment in America as those of most other countries. Jodie T. Allen of U.S. News and World Reports comments that U.S. trade officials reluctantly filed a complaint with the World Trade Organization charging that China's tax policies unfairly discriminate against U.S. exporters of semiconductors. Allen goes on to describe the ways in which the Chinese government competes unfairly and blocks U.S. imports now that China has most-favored-nation status. Another example of the way ... "
Tags: most favored nations, China, trade, economics, free trade
Abstract This paper explains that China's controversial one-child policy has ethical and environmental issues; however, this essay focuses on the effects the policy has had on the girls of China. The author stresses that the policy has had both positive and negative effects. The paper relates that, while many girls appear to have simply "disappeared" so that the youthful population figures have become unnaturally skewed in favor of boys, the surviving girls and women of China have benefited in strange and unexpected ways.
From the Paper "There are few issues to do with China that have caused as much controversy as the one-child policy. The ethical and environmental issues raised by the policy are certainly important. However, this essay focuses simply on the effects the policy has had on the girls of China. As will be seen, the policy has had both positive and negative effects. While many girls appear to have simply "disappeared", so that the youthful population figures have become unnaturally skewed in favor of boys, the surviving girls and women of China have benefited in strange and unexpected ways."
Abstract This paper discusses China's emerging textile industry after the WTO lifted the quota system in January 2005. Some countries have refused to lift all quotas claiming that China has an unfair competitive advantage. This paper explores China's textile market and how it compares to markets in other countries. China has pledged to ensure more effective macro control of its textile sector and work with the European Union (EU) on a way to resolve the trade issue.
From the Paper "In the United States consumers can walk into any Wal-Mart, K-Mart, Zellers, or any other retail outlet and buy clothing with labels that read "Made in Sri Lanka" or "Made in Indonesia." It is not uncommon for garments to be constructed in these regions, yet what many consumers do not realize is that the fabric was made somewhere else. More often than not, the fabric used to make each garment is made from cotton spun and yarn woven in China. At the beginning of 2005, China, along with more than 40 countries from around the world, including Nepal, El Salvador, Honduras, Cambodia, and Sri Lanka, signed the scheduled elimination of quotas for exporting to the United States and member countries in the European Union."
Abstract In this article the writer examines the subject of corruption in China. The writer demonstrates that corruption can be shown as a structural issue. The writer suggests corruption arose due to the transition at the time of the reform into the new China. The writer notes that the contradictions inherent in this transition can be seen to have been the causes of the corruption that now runs rampant in China. Further, the writer claims that the extent of the corruption problem in China is reflected by the enormous economic disparities that are emerging.
From the Paper "It is widely acknowledged, both within China and outside of it, that corruption is rampant in China. This is often perceived as primarily a cultural or moral issue. However, it can be shown that corruption is a structural issue. It has emerged because of the reform-era transition from the old China to the new China."
Abstract This paper reviews the article "China's Rising Demand for Oil and Pipelines Has Worldwide Implications," in which Gordon Feller discusses the unexpected negative impact that the ascendancy of China's economy into a major global economy has had on international markets. The paper goes on to discuss how for years companies all over the globe and especially in the West, have viewed China as an emerging market with vast potential for increasing sales for many years to come. Yet, most analysts seemed to overlook the fact that China's economy was expanding for a reason and that its emerging modern infrastructure and middle-class population with greater income levels would have the same energy demands as any other developed nation.
A discussion of many aspects of bureaucracy in China including defining 'bureaucrat', levels of bureaucratic power, bargaining and the friction between center and local government within the bureaucratic process.
2,855 words (approx. 11.4 pages), 7 sources, 2001, $ 84.95
Abstract This paper identifies what a bureaucrat is, and the levels under which they are classified in China. It illustrates the levels of bureaucratic power, their status at each level, and what is involved in the fluctuation of their status. Bargaining is discussed and revealed as one of the key components of the bureaucratic process in China. The paper also looks at the friction between center and local government within the bureaucratic process, and with the help of two case studies, cites clear examples of what challenges are faced by those leading the way in China's political horizon.
From the Paper "Bureaucratic politics in China is a unique process, under which lies a webbing of bureaucratic levels, status variation and bargaining; each contributing to its unparalleled complexity."
Abstract A paper discussing all aspects of China being admitted into the World Trade Organization in 2001 after having been denied entry repeatedly in the past. Discussion includes China's expectation of being one of the main powers in the WTO after the United States and Europe. One of the main advantages discussed is the financial impact of globalization on China's labor force.
From the Paper "China is expected to become one of the main entities in the World Trade Organization, next to the United States and Europe. Besides becoming the dominant power in Asia, what this also means for China is that they could possibly see their unemployment rate surge if imports from member nations are now allowed to flood the market. Becoming the dominant power in Asia could be a direct result of China's entrance into the World Trade Organization. Some of the many advantages of growth and development for China now that they are involved in free trade and globalization through the World Trade Organization are quite varied."
Discusses the position of the author of "Discovering History in China" that American historians need to take a more China-centered approach to studying Chinese history.
1,400 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 1 source, 2002, $ 53.95
Abstract The author of this book emphasizes that a China-centered history is necessary to get a better and more accurate portrayal of Chinese history. Indeed, in his perspective, this will counter-act the ethnocentric approach taken by American historians on the subject. One of the main theses of the book is that a China-centered approach is needed to counter-balance the American distortion of Chinese history.
