Abstract
This paper considers what it was like to be a child in the early 20th century as depicted in several works of children's literature from that time. The paper further explores whether children's books of that time give access to the voices of children. The books consulted will be E.E. Milne's "Winnie-the-Pooh" and "The House at Pooh Corner", and C.S. Lewis's "The Magician's Nephew."

From the Paper
"The historical period to be considered in this essay is Great Britain in the first half of the 20^th century. This essay will consider what it was like to be a child at that time and place, and then consider whether children's books of that time give access to the voices of children of that time. The books consulted will be E.E. Milne's Winnie-the-Pooh and The House at Pooh Corner, and C.S. Lewis's The Magician's Nephew. The first half of the 20^th century was a dynamic and volatile time historically for Great Britain, given that during this time Great Britain played a primary role in two world wars, and also that - at the time - it..."

Tags:literature, children, voices

Abstract
This paper looks at children's literature in Great Britain in the first half of the 20th century and considers whether children's books of that time gave access to the voices of children of that time. The books consulted are E.E. Milne's "Winnie-the-Pooh" and "The House at Pooh Corner", and C.S. Lewis's "The Magician's Nephew". In conclusion, the author of this paper states that even in books written about children and for children, children seem to be all but mute due partly to the various agendas of their authors.

From the Paper
"The first half of the 20th century was a dynamic and volatile time historically for Great Britain, given that during this time Great Britain played a primary role in two world wars, and also that - at the time - it was the most dominant nation in the world, with a huge colonial empire that spanned the globe. By the end of this period, Great Britain had begun to be eclipsed by the USA, as the USA leveraged its scientific and military might to gain global ascendancy. Also during this period began the huge changes associated with decolonization, as nation after nation claimed independence. This of course had a massive impact on Great Britain, as her colonial possessions were part of what made the British nation rich, powerful and strong. All in all, it was a time in which British power and control was slipping away. Yet at the same time, many Brits still retained a self-image of themselves as rulers of the world, and assumed that British standards of morality, decency and behaviors were universally valid (Cannon). This self-image, as we shall see, comes through more clearly in children's books than do the authentic voices of children."

Tags:society, morality, illustrations

Abstract
The writer reviews the area of voice output communication aids (VOCA), and the affect this technology has on the cognitive and linguistic abilities of autistic children. The writer asserts that it is extremely important to be familiar with the literature and research findings regarding the use of such devices, because if VOCAs are to be used in treating children with autism, such studies will assist this writer in recognizing how valuable technology can be when used with certain cognitive impairments along with the teaching of literacy skills.

From the Paper
"Findings for Interventions using VOCA: The area I have reviewed is voice output communication aids (VOCA), and the affect this technology has on the cognitive and linguistic abilities of autistic children. It is extremely important to be familiar with the literature and research findings regarding the use of such devices because..."

Tags:final, autism, voca

Abstract
This paper explores the patterns of maturation found in children's literature with reference to Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone and The True Confessions of Charlotte Doyle. It finds that in modern children's literature the typical gender roles are reversed, with Harry acting on behalf of society (typically a female pattern) and Charlotte maturing as an individual (typically male pattern). Anne of Green Gables and Treasure Island are used to display the typical patterns.

From the Paper
"In children's literature gender roles have been laid quite clearly. These patterns exist from the early fairy tales to present day novels. Recently some authors have attempted to reverse the typical gender roles of characters; giving male protagonists more passive and nurturing characteristics, and females greater abilities to become active individuals. This is particularly apparent in stories about maturation."

Tags:anne, avi, charlotte, children, doyle, english, gables, gender, green, harry, potter

Abstract
This is a critique of a short list of bibliographies of children's literature about racial, ethnic and/or linguistic minorities.

Tags:children, multicultural, annotated

Abstract
This body of papers provides five different works related to two sources in children's literature, Charles A. Smith's "From Wonder to Wisdom: Using Stories to Help Children Grow" and Donna E. Norton's "Through The Eyes of A Child: An Introduction to Children's Literature". Two of the papers summarize the chapters in each of the works respectively. Two of the papers comment on bibliography selections offered by Norton and a journal of carrying out some of her suggested activities in each chapter. A final paper is a research report that provides an overview of the history of children's literature.

From the Paper
"Teachers play a major role in developing a love of books. Values gained through literature in childhood have significant influences on adults. Age appropriate literature can have a profound influence on cognitive, personality, social and moral development in children. Encouraging and motivating children to respond to the literature they read is one of the most significant goals of the educator working with literature and children. Knowledge of self motivation and intellectual curiosity are also promoted..."

Tags:oral tradition, fairytales, fantasy, tall tales, picture books, instructional books, development, age appropriate, censorship, social values, religion, politics, education, teaching, parents, storytelling

Abstract
This paper discusses some of the writings of Louisa May Alcott, which are some of the most widely read and reproduced of any early American author. The paper looks at her writings that are described as children's literature, for which she is most famous and then focuses on her writing that was published under a pseudonym. The paper describes the connections between the two seemingly incongruent voices of her literature published under her name and that published under a pseudonym.

From the Paper
"Louisa May Alcott, recently recognized more appropriately as a critic of her time has become even more widely read and popular as a result of the recognition of her pseudonyms. Alcott had a message, not unlike those who came before her, the Mary Wollstonecraft of her day, that the position of people needed to be analyzed and she utilized her pen to do so. (Johnson ii) Within the work she gives her protagonist the power to influence people, almost to a point that she is a mesmerist, the incongruence of these two feared but real characteristics of women give the character a valid representation of female power, in its feared and real state. (Gaul 835)"

Tags:Victorian, Little, Women, characters

Abstract
The paper provides a discussion of the uniquely feminine voice brought to literature by Harriet Beecher Stowe, as evidenced in a number of her works. The paper explains how motherhood influenced her work and also examines Stowe's influence on abolition.

From the Paper
"When Abraham Lincoln met Harriet Beecher Stowe, the sixteenth President of the United States jokingly stated; "So you're the little woman who wrote the book that started this great war." While said in jest, Lincoln's statement referring to Uncle Tom's Cabin bears a kernel of truth with respect to Stowe's influence on abolition through literature. Far from just an abolitionist, Stowe's unique brand of feminism and spirituality influenced her literature as much as her disdain for the cruel institution of slavery."

Tags:slavery, children, motherhood, Uncle Tom's Cabin, abolition, religion, Puritans, Abraham Lincoln, incest

Abstract
This paper examines various forms of poetry, including a selection of age appropriate poems for 5 to 6 year olds. The poems examined range from lyrical to narrative to dramatic. It looks at how poetry can dramatically enliven a writing workshop environment in a classroom, and help young writers, especially the ones that struggle to find their voices.

From the Paper
" Poetry began in prehistoric times when people passed down their oral history in poetic language and song. There are three specific types of poetry including lyrical, narrative, and dramatic. Lyric poetry is any poem that is short in length. Narrative poems tell stories, an epic or ballad. Dramatic poetry also tells a story, but in this case one or more of the poem's characters acts out the story. In order to select the right poems to read to kids the reader must choose poems that are age and content appropriate."

Tags:poetry, children's, literature

Abstract
The paper explores the early black rap music and the literature of African-American women such as Maya Angelou that sheds light on the sacrifices and plight of the black woman since emancipation. The paper attempts to determine the feminist movement's gains, if any, since the 1970s. The paper discusses the heightened awareness of the problems surrounding the absent father in black families and the rejection of black women by black men. The paper concludes that voices need to be heard, but we need contemporary figures to emerge as role models and effectors of change in bringing about a new opportunity for black mothers and their children.

From the Paper
"While the feminist movement in the mid to late 19th century helped women gain certain milestones in women's rights, the movement largely left behind black women. Emerging from historical slavery, the American black woman had a double whammy dealt her; she was a woman, and she was black. A black woman experienced discrimination on both fronts, but add to this, too, a third front; she was discriminated against by her own race, by black men. It is only in recent time, since the 1970s that black feminism has experienced a compelling kind of progress that has given black women a momentum with which to break free of the chains of historical slavery, the binding restrictions of gender, and, more recently, the slave mentality with which they were perceived by black men within their communities. It was the latter that has perhaps been the most difficult for black women to move past, and the civil rights movement of the late 1960s and early 1970s helped progress black women to the point where, today, they have finally begun to experience physical, social and political freedoms by which to prosper."

Tags:sexuality, gender, caregivers, empowerment, Angelou