Abstract In this paper, the author looks at the advantages and disadvantages children experience by watching a lot of television. There is also a discussion of approaches that parents can take to reduce the negative impact of television viewing.
From the Paper "The effects of TV are seen in children's values, lifestyles, role models, eating, sleeping, health, family interaction & buying habits. Extensive studies have been made on the impact of television. The type of programs and the amount of time a child watches may have an affect on their aggression level. "
Abstract In this article, the writer notes that children learn very rapidly and they are exposed to many scenes of violence on television each day. The writer points out that it is amazing that the majority of parents do not perceive this violence to be destructive for their children's development. Children especially are at a stage in their development where they learn so quickly that they absorb information. They learn from television that the easiest way to solve disputes is through the use of fists or guns. The writer maintains that the problem is that many people do not believe that a clear and definite link exists between children's aggressive behavior and the violence they so regularly observe being depicted on television. The writer concludes that research, especially in the form of longitudinal studies, shows the clear-cut connection between TVviolence and children's behavior.
Outline:
Executive Summary
Statement of Need
Project Description
Conclusion
From the Paper "The best studies that have been conducted since 1972 are longitudinal studies related to TV violence and its impact on the attitudes and behavior of children and adolescents. Other studies have consisted of cross sectional and field studies and, together, researchers have made use of all three types in a triangulation strategy to determine the effects of media violence on children. The most convincing studies also are discussed and evaluated by Centerwall, and these researchers also report the findings of professional groups such as the American Medical Association and the American Psychological Association. Basically, all of these studies found that physical aggression among children is significantly increased as a result of exposure to violence in television. Other studies reveal a clear link between TV viewing at a young age and later juvenile delinquency and crime."
Abstract A look at the the effects of TVviolence on the lives of children. The author includes real life examples and examines the constitutional attack on television violence as child violence escalates. An examination of the debates taking place.
From the Paper "In most people's homes there sits an outlet for violence that often goes unnoticed. It is the television, and the children who view it are often pulled into its realistic world of violent scenes with sometimes devastating results. Most parents don"t realize what their children are being exposed to. They know that their children are watching TV, whether they know what they"re watching or not, and how it can affect them later in life is a different story."
Abstract This report looks at television violence and its effects on children. The paper cites studies on the impact television violence has had on children and discusses the psychological mechanisms that effect how viewers interact with and interpret television violence.
Abstract This literature review is all about television violence and the effects on youth. The author attempts to examine whether television consumption cause children to imitate behavior. The author includes an examination of how parent involvement interacts. This research includes statistics as proof variables.
From the paper:
"Television is a part of life. Virtually every household has a television set and many homes have two or three (Ledingham, 1993). Needless to say, television plays an enormous role in the lives of many American families and the magnitude of its influence on people is considerable also. This is especially true where children are involved. According to Liebert & Sprafkin (1988), "television viewing time rises from about 2.5 hours per day at the age of five to about 4 hours a day at the age of 12." Ledingham goes on to say that "television is used frequently by parents as a babysitter or distraction device" (1993)."
Abstract In this article, the writer notes that both the critical and non-critical debate about the effect of television upon its viewers seems to have begun somewhere probably in the first week or so of the sets being introduced to the public. The consequence of the appearance of television itself was immediate and profound both sociologically and psychologically, as well as economically for some industries. The writer points out that the influence of this medium on our culture as a whole is enormous, for both good and bad results. TVviolence has become an extreme issue for the conservative to derogate and for the liberals to defend. The writer discusses what is the reality of the effect of TVviolence on us today and especially the more impressionable children that view it. In particular, the paper discusses the current state of the debate and attempts to separate fact from fiction, both on screen and off.
From the Paper "This same study also inferred that if children, with the help of their parents, take more control over their leisure activities that they may be able to take more control of themselves and their behaviors overall. There is another benefit in that when parents show they are concerned and take an active role in their child's wellbeing, this has the effect of children who see adults caring about them and not just using TV as the built in babysitter. Jones feels that cutting overall consumption is really the key and violence is only a small sub issue over which very little evidence is clear on direct connections. And what is clear is often not very convincing."
Abstract This paper presents a look at children, television and American values. The writer collects and reviews empirical evidence about the way television affects American values in the children of the nation. The writer uses a survey approach and conducts a study of children age 5-10 year old and combines the results in this paper.
From the Paper "American values are as American as apple pie. When one has children one of the things they hope for is that they can raise those children to have strong American values, which might include respect for others, hard work and the ability to accept diversity. Often times the lack of American values is blamed on the things that children watch on television. Experts claim that the television shows that are popular today with children send a message to the children that they do not have to have values to be well liked and successful in life. Research is firmly divided on the issue and the debate continues. American values can be confusing for anyone who has to depend solely on television to attain them. Television shows today target audiences of children not only with the content of the show but with the commercials that are supporting the show. Even when the age bracket in question is not being targeted they watch and they learn from the messages that are sent."
Abstract In this article, the writer notes that the apparent effects of TVviolence on aggression in children and adolescents have long been suspected. The writer points out that the effect of violent video games on children's aggression is not so well known. This paper explores the relationship between exposure to violent television and video games and the development of aggression in children and adolescents. The paper explains that this link is extremely important because in recent years in North America there has been a noticeable increase in children's violence. The writer maintains that if a strong link can be found between TV and video game violence, this could have implications for reducing and controlling the degree of violence that is presently witnessed in society. The writer concludes that the research into the effects of TV and video violence on child and adolescent aggression suggests that a certain child or adolescent under very specific conditions will very likely act out aggression after viewing a violent TV program or video game.
Outline:
Introduction
Violence in Television
Explanations of Media Impact on Aggression
Violent TV, Violent Video Games and Aggression
Conclusion
From the Paper "Sherry conducted a meta-analysis of research into video games and found that the effect of violent video games on aggression in children is less than what results from violent TV programming. The video games studies ranged over the 25-year period from 1975 to 2000. An analysis was made of all the studies during that time by analyzing the results of those studies. The effects of the more violent and graphic games were compared with the less violent games. The most important finding from this meta-analysis was that the longer the children were exposed to violent video games, the less of an effect was produced on aggression. It appeared that the children and adolescents had to be already angered and aggressive before the video game began in order for it to produce any effect. Other researchers have also observed that video games are different in their effect on aggression from TV. According to Browne and Hamilton-Giachritsis, video games merely amplify the effect which already exists of aggressive feelings and thoughts in the child or adolescent."
Abstract This paper explores television violence and its effects on children. It addresses how TV manipulates the minds of children, causing them to act in more aggressive and violent manners. The author argues that TVviolence distorts children's minds into believing that violence is a healthy and acceptable way of dealing with problems.
From the Paper "There are many different supports for both sides of this issue. Those who believe that TV does have a major affect on children support their belief with the notions thusly: television violence and aggression lead to violent and aggressive behavior in children, witnessing violence on TV shapes and desensitizes the child’s view of the world, and television manipulates the mind of the child (Wood, 1999, p. 317). Those who conclude that TV violence plays no part in the aggressiveness of children base their assumptions on the theory stating that violence and aggression in youth is a result of an improper upbringing (Associated Press, 1999, p. 6A). They believe that children adapt their behavior from those that they are in human contact with most often. Another poignant support for television is that it is an extremely effective educational medium. They feel that the positive aspects of television far outweigh the negative ones (Kalin, 1999, p. 2). Lastly, there’s the “catharsis theory” which thoroughly supports the use of television violence in all programs. It claims that TV violence reduces the viewer’s aggressive behavior when dealing with real life situations (Comstock, 1978, p. 188). Statistics can back up both sides of the issue, and so can emotions. The issue of the affects of television violence on our nation’s youth is a very heavy and controversial topic with many possible conclusions."
Tags: aggression, crime, fighting, graphic, kids, mean, tv, world
Abstract This paper explores television violence and its effects on children. It addresses how TV manipulates the minds of children, causing them to act in more aggressive and violent manners. The author argues that TVviolence distorts children's minds into believing that violence is a healthy and acceptable way of dealing with problems.
From the Paper "How many parents give a sigh of relief when their child's favorite program comes onto television (TV)? Probably, a vast majority of today's parents do because TV allows them to obtain some moments of personal freedom. Marie Winn, author of The Plug-In Drug, proclaims ?Television keeps children quiet and passive, cuts down on loud and boisterous play, prevents outbursts between brothers and sisters, and eliminates a number of potentially destructive household "experiments" that children might be indulging in??(66). So how could something that is so addictive, to the degree that it settles down even the most robust five-year-old, is dangerous to society? To answer this question there are many statistics, theories and concepts to explore."
Abstract Children watch television a great deal, and are thereby exposed to the violence depicted on TV screens.
This paper discusses the claim that there is a causal connection between the amount of violencechildren watch on TV and how much it affects their behavior, pointing out that, while this claim has been challenged by some researchers, there seems to be considerable evidence that there is a serious problem here.
Abstract The paper discusses the effects of aggression from television on children and offers two ways for reducing aggression that result from TV viewing. The paper claims a clear link between violence in the media and an increase in aggression and children and adolescents and further concludes that the majority of parents do not seem to be concerned about the possible impact of televised on their children. The paper is based on two articles: "The Effects of Media Violence on Society", by Craig Anderson and Brad Bushman and "Television and Violence: The Scale of the Problem and Where to Go from Here", by Brandon Centerwall.
From the Paper ""Aggression researchers have adopted a triangulation strategy to examine the effects of violence in the media". This means that three different methods have been used by researchers and later analyzed to determine the effect of violence in television. The three research methods are field experiments, longitudinal studies, and cross sectional studies. Evidence is used from the six most important professional societies in the United States such as the American Psychological Association."
Abstract In this article, the writer goes into detail about the three main components that affect children concerning violence on television. The writer notes that these effects can last a lifetime and greatly impact society as a whole. The paper then discusses the catharsis theory,which claims that televised violence does not have negative effects as other researcher have claimed. The writer concludes that the accumulated experimental findings on the effects of TVviolence do not support the catharsis theory and its conclusions.
Outline:
Aggressive Attitudes and Behaviors
Becoming Desensitized to Real World Violence Developing a Fear of Being Victimized by Violence Conclusion
The Catharsis Theory
From the Paper "The first step in learning aggressive attitudes and behaviors is accepting violence as a way to solve problems. On television, violence is the attractive, effective, and preferred solution to most conflicts. Violence is usually portrayed as justified, that is, the good guys win and the bad guys lose. Problems are usually solved rapidly and violently, and violent or other anti-social behaviors go unpunished. The good guys are very often no more appropriate role models for young children than the villains themselves. The result is that many American children are more familiar with violent, aggressive, and anti-social approaches to solving problems. For some, television at its worst, is a terrible influence on a child's mind, an influence that upsets moral balance and makes a child likely to have aggressive behavior as it warps his or her perception of the real world. Some psychologists and psychiatrists feel that continued exposure to such violence might unnaturally speed up the impact of the adult world on the child. This can force the child into a kind of premature maturity. As the child matures into an adult, he can become bewildered; have a greater distrust towards others, a superficial approach to adult problems, and even an unwillingness to become an adult."
Abstract In this article, the writer notes that controls are placed on certain products and on advertising when targeted to children. The rules covering these regulations have changed over the yeas, based on perceptions of potential harm to children and the Internet age has raised new issues related to video and computer games, the content of which is often violent. The writer points out that television is a special case because it comes into the home and because controls can be imposed more easily as broadcasters must adhere to the requirement to serve the public in exchange for a license. Today, though, most people get television through cable, with many channels that are specifically for cable, and the same regulations and controls do not apply. The writer explains that this reduces the ability of government to pass and enforce rules on content for children. The writer notes that video and computer games are also widespread, though some regulations have been passed to reduce the ability of children to get such games if they are deemed to be not for children, largely through a ratings system with varying degrees of adherence to imposed norms. The writer maintains that concerned parents still want more rational and more effective controls on such content and a solution to the problem.
From the Paper "Advertising on programs for children has been under fire for many years. Some object to images of violence, as with the sale of war toys or cowboy gear, and others object to unrealistic images of women, exemplified by products like the Barbie doll. Controversy has also centered on the very concept of developing the next generation of consumers, with some seeing television advertising to children as a way of creating a need where none existed and selling products that are not needed while accustoming children to the idea of being consumers. At some level, this can be a more abstract fear, not as clearly tied to a specific product or type of image, but it can be quite persuasive when one consider the number of ads directed at children, the way toys and other products are sold to children, and the way other products are geared to children, such as sugary cereals and soft drinks. Advertising to all markets increases at certain times of the year, notably in the fall into December, with advertising developed for Christmas and the buying season then and after as bargains attract buyers into the new year. An analysis of the commercials directed at a young audience for films, DVDs, and video games shows some of the selling methods and the appeal made to young people as well as the pervasive nature of such advertising messages, increasing as they do during the months before Christmas in order to increase sales of these products."
Abstract This paper takes a look at the various aspects and factors affecting media violence and examines evidence looking at whether there is a cause and effect relationship between media violence and aggressive behavior.
Outline
Introduction
Perceived Media Violence and its Beginnings
Empirical Evidences
Brain Mapping and TVViolence Effects of Third Variables
Recommendations
From the Paper "Television and media has remained a force to reckon with in terms of entertainment value, pervasiveness, and effectiveness in influencing personal perceptions and decisions. Television has, in more ways than one, helped build mega corporations through product advertisements, created bigger than life celebrities, and shaped standards of beauty, wealth, good and evil. There is a reason why mega corporations invest hundreds of thousands of dollars in television advertisements to promote their products: television makes money. However, recent studies have cited increasing violence in TV programming. In the flurry of things, amidst the flashy advertisements, crashing cars in adventure series, and dramatic violence on TV, one might ask: when does business entrepreneurship end, and where does social responsibility begin? For a country that prides itself for its independence and individuality, setting boundaries in many aspects of daily life is bound to be a tedious task."
