Abstract
This paper looks at the television shows and advertising content on the Public Broadcasting System (PBS) channel when airing "Berenstein Bears", "Dragon Tales", "Bob the Builder" and "Angelina Ballerina". The paper presents two differing opinions in relation to television advertising and its influence on children. It also discusses the contention that all advertising can have an adverse affect on children, as well as the contention that, if parents take the time to explain advertising to their children, the child will learn to evaluate commercials effectively. The paper supports the second contention.

From the Paper
"On the Berenstein Bears the family discussed the needs of the mother bear to work outside of the home and the family's responsibility at helping out with chores while the mother worked. On Dragon Tales the show focuses on one of the Dragon's being afraid to accomplish a task without his good luck charm, which he believed gave him the power to succeed. Bob the Builder told the tale of Bob and his friends helping to stop a plumbing leak at the local school. Finally, on Angelina Ballerina the "mouselings" fought to save an old tree in the park."

Tags:commercials, audience, bias, falsifications, truth, evaluation

Abstract
This paper explains that children react to advertisements similarly to the way adults react (1) by absorbing subconsciously sensory data, such as slogans or jingles, and (2) by associating certain emotional responses with certain products; however, children, especially young children, do not possess cognitive skills sufficient to understand fully the impact of advertising on their impulses. The author points out that three children frequently peppered their interviews about products, which the children had seen advertised recently on television with "I want..[a specific brand]..", demonstrating that television commercials stimulate the consumer instinct and create brand awareness. The paper relates that advertising draws children's attention away from those products that are not advertised on television.

From the Paper
"Advertising does create awareness of products that the kids might not have otherwise known about. The nine-year old, for example, said, "Oh, oh, I want the Barbie radio!" When I asked her if any of her friends had the product she said no, that she just saw it on television. Wanting was expressed linguistically and straightforwardly by all three children: all three used simple language to convey that they coveted or craved items they had seen on television. Even negative responses to television commercials were expressed through language of "wanting." A few of the three children used the word "need" in conjunction with what they had seen on television, except for the nine-year old who said that she "needed" some accessory toys for her doll, but not because she had seen them in a commercial. The twelve-year old, when talking about the Play Station commercials she had seen said that she "needed" to get a new game console because hers was old."

Tags:gender, brand, wanting, cognitive, sensory

Abstract
The paper reports on research into the content and meaning of children's television advertising before Christmas. The paper notes information on the variety of products that are geared for children in some way and discusses the selling methods used and the frequency with which advertising messages are bolstered by repetition. The paper explains that this creates a desire on the part of children for these products.

From the Paper
"Television advertising directed at children is examined for content, frequency and products featured for a period in the Fall of 2004, the Christmas season for advertisers. The results show the variety of products that are geared for children in some way, the selling methods used and the frequency with which advertising messages are bolstered by repetition, creating a desire on the part of children for these products. The intent is clearly to develop a habit of buying in the young and parents suffer by being asked over and over to buy the latest product, many reflecting entertainment aspects of the consumer culture."

Tags:television, advertising, children

Abstract
This paper explains that businesses use controversial television advertising because controversy spreads more rapidly amongst viewers and thereby increases the spread of powerful word-of-mouth advertising. The author points out that censorship only prolongs or intensifies questionable advertising. The paper explains that, because companies competing for profits will continue to believe that questionable advertising methods relay the most powerful messages, parents who are perturbed by this practice must set limits for their own children's television watching simply by turning it off.

From the Paper
"The more protesters - slash - objectors holding up mini-billboards, or picket signs, simply just broaden the advertisement target area even more. Each person can forge their own opinions about the advertisement's approach, but at least the controversy has opened up the doors to many others to consider forming an opinion, whether it is good, or bad. The public response to the Janet Jackson Super Bowl stunt has gotten other advertisers to pull ads, in fear of upsetting TV networks, of course, due to upsets from viewers."

Tags:word-of-mouth, censorship, opinions, attention, real-world

Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that the media's original purpose was to inform and entertain, but as technology grew, so did society's dependence on the media. The writer maintains that there was a time that media was a teacher and in many ways it still is, but the message currently being taught is not what we want our children to learn. The writer then goes on to examine some of the messages that advertising sends out to children about their bodies, their sexuality and alcohol and smoking. The writer also notes that the media affects children by making them more interested in sex, sexuality and addictive behaviors. The writer concludes that the messages that advertisements send are persuasive and influence the lives of children in a more negative than positive manner.

Outline:
Introduction
Overview of Kids TV and Ads
Negative and Positive Associations
Discussion
Conclusion

From the Paper
"During prime time, advertisements children watch most frequently are full of sexual activity. Most of the sexual content in advertisements is from characters discussing their own or others' current or future sexual activity. The idea of sexual risk or responsibility, however, is almost never talked about or shown. In fact through sexual exploitive advertising the attention of children is sought after rigorously. Children who watch advertisements ultimately become the audience for shows they shouldn't be watching and products they shouldn't be using. The Joe Camel advertisements of the 60's and 70's on television affected the lives of teens negatively even after the cigarette companies were mandated through government legislation to pull their advertisements. Teenagers were already addicted--legislation came too late. "

Tags:commercial, message, audience, illusion

Abstract
This paper explains that advertisers use outrageously risque advertising to get more attention, including the additional attention it might get when it has to be pulled from broadcasting. The author points out that the F.C.C. has developed rules to protect everyone from these controversial commercials; for example, commercials that are aired during programming for children are not allowed to exceed ten minutes per hour and obscene broadcasts are prohibited at all times. The paper relates that another problem is that advertising affects negatively the way adolescents view themselves because they feel they are not as pretty or as smart as the people depicted in the advertisements; therefore, children should be taught to be confident about who they are, not only on the outside, but more importantly, what is on the inside.

From the Paper
"Given the amount of money spent on advertising, it would be reasonable to think that the advertisers would what to make an advertisement that could be aired on TV. When are the most people going to watch TV and see these ads? Yep, you guessed it, the Super Bowl. The Super Bowl has more viewers than any other television program all year long. Advertisers pay an estimated $2.4 million for a 30-second spot during the game. Millions of people saw the Janet Jackson/Justin Timberlake 'wardrobe malfunction' in the Super Bowl halftime show in 2004. That is what has changed the pace for most of TV. Because so many people complained, the FCC had to get really strict. They fined CBS $550,000 for that 'malfunction'. It offended people mainly because their children were watching."

Tags:risque, fcc, money, prohibited, confident

Abstract
The paper discusses how there is a causal relationship between television advertising images and children, particularly in terms of psychological manipulation. The paper describes how televised ad images are carefully crafted in order to generate a strong desire for the product being marketed, a desire so powerful that it can best be described as a compulsion. The paper explains that children are especially vulnerable to marketing manipulation of this kind, because they lack the intellect and sophistication to understand that they are being targeted and manipulated on a psychological level.

From the Paper
"There is a causal relationship between television advertising images and children, particularly in terms of psychological manipulation. Televised ad images are carefully crafted in order to generate a strong desire for..."

Tags:tv, ads, children

Abstract
During the past six decades, television advertising has changed considerably. Today, there are television commercials for a myriad of products, including drugs for virtually every health complaint, from headaches to erectile dysfunction. This paper shows that over the years, some television commercials have created concerns and stirred controversy. The paper looks at false advertising, commercials directed at children and teens, sex and medical advertisements.

From the Paper
"In 2005,it was reported that automakers are now developing marketing strategies to reach gay consumers, a large, often affluent and trend-setting demographic (LaReau 2005). According to General Motors market research data, gay Americans each have an average household income of nearly $65,000, compared to $45,000 of all U.S. households (LaReau 2005). In fact, during the past decade, gay television commercials have been popping up more and more on the airwaves (Is 2000). For example the Volkswagen ad that portrayed two trendy young males stopping curbside to pick up a discarded "kitschy old armchair," or the John Hancock Insurance commercial that featured a female couple adopting a baby (Is 2000)."

Tags:culture, broadcast, media, APA, viagra

Abstract
This paper argues that television viewing by children should be greatly restricted, not only because of the negative affects of watching television in general, but also because the advertising media is actively seeking ways to influence children. The paper examines various aspects of advertising aimed at children, including brand loyalty, in-school programming, and food advertising. It also touches on violence and sex-role stereotyping.

From the Paper
"According to some research, while psychology often provides valuable insights about controlling obesity, psychologists are also often on the payroll of the junk food advertisers, informing those advertisers about the best way to reach a child's mind with the message they intend to get across. In addition to that, there is also the "nag factor," in which children are encouraged to bug their parents until they get what they have just been convinced they want, disrupting family dynamics in the process. (Cohn, 13) It could be argued that disrupted family dynamics would also lead to additional work for psychologists. And it could be argued that none of this serves the children very well at all. Of course, one might wonder who needs parents or psychologists when one has Ronald McDonald."

Tags:Disney, McDonalds, aggression

Abstract
This paper examines some of the messages that media is sending out to children about their bodies, their sexuality and their obsession with violence. Media represents the umbrella of advertising in this paper.

From the Paper
"Advertising affects children by making them more interested in areas of adulthood they are too young to experience. It also affects the choices that children make. The messages that advertisements are sending out to children is shaping a generation whether we want to believe it or not (Mazzarella & Pecora 13). Media's original purpose was to inform and entertain. As technology grew so did society's dependence on the media. There was a time that media was a teacher and in many ways it still is--but the message currently being..."

Tags:sex, violence, influence