Abstract
This paper explains that children react to advertisements similarly to the way adults react (1) by absorbing subconsciously sensory data, such as slogans or jingles, and (2) by associating certain emotional responses with certain products; however, children, especially young children, do not possess cognitive skills sufficient to understand fully the impact of advertising on their impulses. The author points out that three children frequently peppered their interviews about products, which the children had seen advertised recently on television with "I want..[a specific brand]..", demonstrating that television commercials stimulate the consumer instinct and create brand awareness. The paper relates that advertising draws children's attention away from those products that are not advertised on television.

From the Paper
"Advertising does create awareness of products that the kids might not have otherwise known about. The nine-year old, for example, said, "Oh, oh, I want the Barbie radio!" When I asked her if any of her friends had the product she said no, that she just saw it on television. Wanting was expressed linguistically and straightforwardly by all three children: all three used simple language to convey that they coveted or craved items they had seen on television. Even negative responses to television commercials were expressed through language of "wanting." A few of the three children used the word "need" in conjunction with what they had seen on television, except for the nine-year old who said that she "needed" some accessory toys for her doll, but not because she had seen them in a commercial. The twelve-year old, when talking about the Play Station commercials she had seen said that she "needed" to get a new game console because hers was old."

Tags:gender, brand, wanting, cognitive, sensory

Abstract
A discussion of the negative and fewer positive effects that television has on children and their language skills. Several propositions seem undisputed by all the researchers such as: children are the largest audience for television, television is a continuing interest for most children, and television can provoke a response in children. This paper concludes that television can invigorate the vocabulary of children, encourage their reading, and inspire their writing.

From the Paper
"Without doubt, television influences the mental processes and speaking habits of young people who may develop their language skills in the family den as much as they do in the classroom. Indeed, statistics abound on the television habits of children. High school seniors will have watched about 15,000 hours of television by the time they graduate (1986 Nielson Report as cited in Powell 41). To gain perspective, Hal Blythe and Charlie Sweet put it this way: "By the time the vidkids matriculate at their favorite institution of higher learning, almost one-half of their waking life will have been spent being Superseted, Chromacolored, and Colortaked" (22-23). Sister Rosemary Winkeljohann reports this incident: A few seasons ago, on an episode of "Happy Days," Fonzie got a library card as a small part of the overall story. The producers thought nothing of it until they later learned that librarians all over the country were swamped the next day with children coming to the library. Children who had never used the library facilities now wanted library cards! (100) "

Tags:children, development, education, language, learning, media, parents, research, society, statistics, teachers, television, verbal

Abstract
This paper looks at the issue of increased violent tendencies found in increasingly younger children in today's society. The author reviews several different studies that have been conducted on the subject and substantiate the thesis that violence on television has a profound impact on younger children. Television has become more violent and children are, watching more of it, which in this author's opinion, has contributed to the increase in violent behavior in children. Several studies and their results are presented in order to help the reader understand the possible roots of the problem, to present possible solutions to present and future problems that plague society because of the increasing influence of television in our lives.

From the Paper
"Children are much smarter these days than children of the previous generation. Children are bombarded with images on TV, the Internet, etc. and parents have less time these days to filter out any negative or adverse images and experiences. And with the exponentially-advancing technological age, in many cases children derive their education, not just from school or their family but through nameless, faceless CEOs who want to sell a product, service or form of entertainment any which way they can. Children are expected to digest and analyze a lot of information thrown at them everyday. In that sense, children today are more streetwise and discerning than the children in previous generations. Therefore, it stands to reason that effects of media violence on younger children would be more pronounced than for children who are in their pre- or post-adolescent years."

Tags:television, younger, parent, school, research, behavior, changes, aggressive, older, adolescent, internet, information, cartoons, violence, moral, deterioration, criminal

Abstract
This paper presents an extensive chronology of the manner in which African-American have been presented in movies and on television. This paper states that despite the attempt to portray American culture accurately, the media lags behind in regards to the changes in morality and values held by the American people, especially in the portrayal of minorities. The author feels that because television is an intense carrier of socialization, there needs to be much more research to assess the impact of these images on the psyche of black youth.

Table of Contents
Background Information on U.S. Media and Television
The American Audience
Four Functions of Media
The Image of African-Americans on Television
Roots of the Distorted Images of African-Americans
The Birth of Television Images
Life on Television Study
The Neilson Rating System
Televisions Impact on Socialization
Socialization and Comprehension in Childhood
Studies with Children and Television

From the Paper
"The Anglo-Saxon beliefs, which were brought to this country, showed the beginning of racial prejudice in this country. White was seen as pure, clean, good, reflecting the spiritual light; and black was seen as impurity, filth, evil and spiritual darkness. Those people who were prosperous and self-sufficient were the spiritual elect, and those who were enslaved were seen as damned. These beliefs carried on in the South, with the mythology of the happy slaves who were content to serve the master as the ultimate fulfillment of their lives. This became one of the many justifications for slavery and exploitation of blacks. During the Reconstruction period, images of a lazy, slow-witted blacks with loose morals and fondness for alcohol were used to reinforce institutionalized and social racism."

Tags:culture, black, comdey, minority, children

Abstract
This paper presents a look at children, television and American values. The writer collects and reviews empirical evidence about the way television affects American values in the children of the nation. The writer uses a survey approach and conducts a study of children age 5-10 year old and combines the results in this paper.

From the Paper
"American values are as American as apple pie. When one has children one of the things they hope for is that they can raise those children to have strong American values, which might include respect for others, hard work and the ability to accept diversity. Often times the lack of American values is blamed on the things that children watch on television. Experts claim that the television shows that are popular today with children send a message to the children that they do not have to have values to be well liked and successful in life. Research is firmly divided on the issue and the debate continues. American values can be confusing for anyone who has to depend solely on television to attain them. Television shows today target audiences of children not only with the content of the show but with the commercials that are supporting the show. Even when the age bracket in question is not being targeted they watch and they learn from the messages that are sent."

Tags:tv, violence, children, effect, aggression, abuse, influence

Abstract
This paper discusses the impact that television can have on children, particularly in a negative way. The paper quotes studies carried out by child psychologists and behavioral experts as to the correlation between violence in children's programming and the increasing incidence of violence and aggressiveness in children. The paper also highlights how the extra exposure and influence of TV advertising has contributed to childhood obesity.

Outline:
Background and History - The Power of Television as a Communications Medium
Children and Television
Television and Violence among Children
The Effects of Television Advertisement on Child Health in the United
Conclusio

From the Paper
"Initially, children's television programming included reruns of cartoons from earlier eras of American entertainment that had been presented in movie theaters, and new programming evolved, often expanding on the same types of themes representing battles between "good" protagonists and "evil" villains. Violence emerged as a consistent theme throughout cartoon programming and prior to the initiation of empirical studies decades later, the consensus among child psychologists and behaviorists at the time was that the type of fictionalized, exaggerated, and unrealistic violence represented in children's programming was sufficiently different from the genuine or dramatized types of violence within adult-oriented programming not to be a concern with respect to any detrimental effects on children (Buchanan, Gentile, et al., 2002).
"By the late 1970s. child psychologists and behavioral experts began to express concern that the amount of violence to which the average American child was exposed through the television medium was indeed problematic. This was particularly evident in light of empirical studies that documented an undisputed correlation between violence in children's programming and the increasing incidence of violence and aggressiveness within childhood peer-groups (Gentile & Gentile, 2005). Educators also suspected that decreased academic attention span with respect to traditional school learning materials was at least partially attributable to increased television watching as well (Gentile & Walsh, 2002)."

Tags:entertainment, violence, behavioral

Abstract
The paper reveals that children's television watching hours have increased significantly and the programs themselves have become a very influential part in shaping a child's personality and behavior. The paper looks at the research that shows how exposure to violence is a definite trigger for aggressive behavior in children. The paper then points out that out of all of the causes of aggression in children, television violence is the most easily controlled and preventable. The paper contends that it should be a top priority of any parent or caretaker to protect the children in their care from exposure to television violence.

From the Paper
"Aggression is often associated with outside stimuli, and the biological process within the body, and mostly the brain, is quite illusive for many people. The amygdalae, which are almond-shaped groups of neurons inside the brain, are said to be the areas of the brain that cause aggression when stimulated. The hypothalamus, located just above the brain stem, also causes aggression when stimulated, but also plays a regulatory role in the process. After years of extensive scientific research regarding aggressive behavior, just recently brain chemicals involved in aggression are believed to have been identified. In the central nervous system there is an important neurotransmitter (a chemical used to relay signals between a neuron and a cell), serotonin, which it believed to modulate aggression."

Tags:programs, crime, personality, behavior

Abstract
The writer asserts that because of advertising to children on television, children now nag their parents to buy what they want and they become the consumers of the future. The writer reveals that advertisers know that children are cognitively not developed enough to resist such advertising and once these consumption patterns are established early on in life, they will be difficult to eradicate. The writer uses the Dora the Explorer television character to illustrate how an entertainment show has become an advertising medium for an expensive cereal. The writer discusses the need to ban advertising to children and proposes that parents should simply ban television from their home and reinstate the family meal as an institution. The writer is passionate about not buying food masquerading as toys, like the Dora the Explorer cereal.

From the Paper
"Turn off the television. This may sound like a simplistic and perhaps extremist statement to make to America's families. But when we as a society get to the point where we are consuming what we watch on television even in our breakfast bowls, it is time to take control of our leisure time and lives. In particular, with children's advertising, the line between entertainment and advertising has grown so blurry that television characters like Dora the Explorer have 'become' cereals, and advertisements for unhealthy processed foods and cheap toys are made to resemble the advertisements of cartoon shows."

Tags:consumers, advertising, eating, habits, Dora, the, Explorer

Abstract
This paper examines how research studies have indicated a close link between violent, aggressive and anti-social behavior of children and television. It contends that media plays a vital role in building and shaping the personality of a child and in reinforcing stereotypes in sexes. It also discusses how program ratings devised for parenting control are too lenient which makes it impossible for the parents to protect their children from ill-effects of media. Children imitate what they see on the television and eventually learn to resolve issues through confrontations, instead of peaceful and non-violent ways.

From the Paper
"In today's world, electronic media is the most powerful tool in configuring human thought process. It can be employed for broadening the horizons or it can be used to pollute the innocent minds. It's effects on children are devastating. A child's mind is like a clean slate and it constantly keeps recording every image and every sound it encounters. It keeps on building concepts of spending life through these images. Children minds can not analyze at their own. They can not differentiate between a good and a bad thing unless these are shown or explained with obvious outcome of the actions. Moreover, children mind are very fragile. Their imaginations can be easily transported to new dimensions. "

Tags:ratings, parents, censorship, violence, behavior

Abstract
This paper discusses the effect that exposure to television violence has on children. The paper explains that television has been found to have a powerful influence in the development of value systems and behavior patterns. The paper contends that violence on television does contribute to aggressive behavior, yet claims that it is important to note that television is only one of many causes of aggression.

From the Paper
"Extensive exposure to television violence by children has been proven to cause greater aggressiveness (AACAP, 1999). In some cases, watching a single violent program increases aggressiveness. Often, on television, violence is portrayed as something that is very realistic, and frequently repeated or unpunished. Children are very vulnerable to outside influences and are likely to imitate what they see. In particular, children with emotional, behavioral, learning or impulse control problems may be more easily influenced by television violence."

Tags:program, show, aggression