Abstract This paper takea a close look at a certain tragic vulnerable population that can be found in cities and elsewhere across the United States: the homeless. There is a particular focus on homeless children, or street kids, and how homelessness adversely affects such young people. The paper gives a description of the selected population, the significance of problems related to their vulnerability, related health and social problems, an evaluation of the adequacy of current strategies to break the cycle of vulnerability, and a proposal for community and public health nursing interventions that may help correct the problem.
From the Paper "Throughout the United States, mostly in the country's larger cities, but also in suburban and rural areas, there is a mounting problem that is creating and tragically vulnerable population. This problem is that of homelessness and the population it affects is diverse and far-reaching. Those who have found themselves homeless can range from sufferers of mental illness, those subjected to poverty, those who are out of work, and those with substance abuse problems. But the most tragic victims of the rash of homelessness seen in America are homeless children. Without proper health care, without proper nutrition, without roofs over their heads and beds to sleep in, homeless children, or street kids, do not have much of a chance to live happy, healthy lives. "
Abstract An examination of David Nasaw's "Children of the City" which is a study of the children of immigrants whose primary playground and place of employment was the streets of American cities. Nasaw covers the period 1900-1920 and the working-class children whose employment was not based on desperate need, but who did not have the complete leisure that middle class children possessed. It shows that Nasaw's principal thesis is that the experience of these children was overwhelmingly positive as they set up systems of rivalry and cooperation in their neighborhoods, frequently mixed with children of various ethnic backgrounds, learned numerous skills that would be essential to their futures, and assimilated to the American scene at a great rate.
From the Paper "Nasaw begins with a description of the face of the new city of this era: electric lighting; elaborate department stores; restaurants and theaters that catered to the middle class; afternoon editions of newspapers; the nickelodeons and motion picture houses; and, family-oriented vaudeville. All of these innovations had in common the improvement of consumption and, as Nasaw shows, much of the change that took place at the time--especially in this generation of children, was the elevation of consumption to a right or a duty. At the same time, however, the rapid increase in land prices in nearly every growing American city meant that recent immigrants and the rest of the working and poor classes "were forced to live in spaces that should have remained uninhabited" (10). The terrible conditions of dark, airless tenements--with whole families occupying single rooms for the night while they rented out the remainder of their space to others--disappointed many new arrivals. But, in vivid contrast, new arrivals marveled at the differences in such things as the amount of meat that was consumed, the availability of fresh produce in winter, and the presence of canned foods. And, of course, they also saw the display of wealth in every other part of the city."
Abstract This paper examines Elijah Anderson's "The Code of the Streets" which introduces the idea that violence, aggression, stealing and other socially deviant behaviors are not perceived as infractions of rules, but rather conforming to a different standard, a different set of rules. Anderson does an adequate job of setting forth his ideas, along with providing sufficient evidence to support them. It criticizes Anderson's perspective of street families and decent families when he describes inner city life and his portrayal of abusive mothers who beat their children and let them run riot.
From the Paper "The contrasts between street families, and decent families are not always easily observed. As Anderson points out, most street families appear on the surface to be decent families. (Anderson, p. 157) The appearance of having "calm, respectful children" is often what the mother wants most, more than happy children. (Anderson, p. 157) Her desire for such a family is often so strong that she is "quick to beat her children"if they defy her law.? (Anderson, p. 157) Anderson concludes that this abusive behavior is often perceived as acceptable behavior within the inner city the disapproval from the wider society as a whole. (Anderson, p. 157)"
Abstract This paper takes a look at children's television programming. The field study was done by watching three different television programs: Mr. Roger's Neighborhood, Blue's Clues, and Sesame Street and the conclusions were made according to child psychology teachings.
From the Paper "Television is not simply an electronic toy or one of the many forms of entertainment" (Craig, 320). It is a pervasive influence in the lives of children, and this is what sparked my interest in children's television programming for this research project. For my field study, I watched Mr.Roger's neighborhood, Blue's Clues, and Sesame Street over Thanksgiving break. After viewing these programs, some patterns in their methods of teaching their audience became evident. Different methods were used to encourage cognitive development of the young children who watch the shows. All three of the television programs were common in the fact that they aimed at education as well as entertainment for their audience. This fact is crucial, especially since most children watch a lot of television when they are growing up, while they are in their optimal learning period of life. The education/ entertainment mix is crucial for these programs to be successful. If a television show were merely educational without any attempt at being entertaining, children would not want to watch them. It is true that many children show signs that they like learning, but they also have a short attention span, so a television show must be entertaining to keep their attention on the show long enough to learn from it. On the flip side, it would defeat the purpose of trying to make television educational for children to watch show that is merely entertaining. This is why a mix of the two is necessary for an educational program to succeed."
Abstract In this paper, the writer introduces, discusses and analyzes the book "Code of the Street" by Elijah Anderson. Specifically, it discusses the ways the campaign for respect organizes street life for younger people. The writer explains that the campaign for respect is a street code that helps inner city residents stay alive on the streets. It organizes life for young people by gaining them the respect of others and teaching them how to survive in their neighborhoods. The writer concludes that the code of the street is a complex mechanism of survival and respect. Finally, the writer points out that the campaign for respect might not work in every area of a city, but on the streets of the inner city, it is a rigid method of survival and self-respect.
From the Paper "This is especially important in impoverished areas, where children may come from broken homes, or the parents work many jobs, and are rarely home to interact with and teach their children. Thus, they organize their lives by what they learn on the street. By seeing what works for others who may be in similar situations, they make sense of their own lives and gain valuable life skills in the process. Without this organization on the street, these children might not have the ability to learn these lessons, and they might feel alienated and alone, as if they are the only ones going through a particular problem. The campaign for respect helps them discover solutions to their problems and gives them a feeling of belonging and peer approval."
Tags: survival, self-respect, on, the, street, organization
Abstract This paper analyzes Stephen Crane's Maggie: A Girl of the Streets. The author examines how the book is a reflection of the writer's childhood and childhood experiences.
From the Paper "Many of Stephen Crane's life experiences are also expressed in his writings, but not in the way casual readers would expect. Many people believe that "The Red Badge of Courage" is the result of Crane's personal acquaintance with the Civil War and "Maggie: A Girl of the Streets" was written following a time spent living in the slums of New York. This is not true in either case. Stephen Crane was born after the Civil War and according to Benfey, "Maggie: A Girl of the Streets" was started prior to Crane moving to New York (63). Although, the deterministic theme in "Maggie: A Girl of the Streets" is not a result of Stephen Crane's personal experience in the slums, it is a reflection of a dark period in his childhood, his unpleasant experiences with Christianity, and parental deprivation."
Abstract This paper summarizes an article from the Wall Street Journal on the recent hurricanes which devastated the East Coast. Theo Francis explains the effect of the hurricane on the Allstate insurance company. The paper also discusses the use of metaphor.
From the Paper "The hurricane caused billion in losses for the insurance company in the year. Allstate announced to its shareholders that the hurricane caused huge third-quarter loses. The third-quarter reports are not completed at this point but the company was trying to be honest with its shareholders. Before the hurricane Allstate had a profit of million for the third-quarter. Allstate intends to provide additional ..."
Tags: Wall Street Journal, summary, Allstate, insurance, metaphor
Abstract This paper reviews Peter Medoff and Holly Sklar's book 'Streets of Hope - The Fall and Rise of an Urban Community' discussing a community that transforms itself from the inside out. According to the authors, it is a "story of community rebirth" shaped "by the dreams of ordinary people of different races and generations".
Contents
Introduction
Book Review
Reflections On Reading
Conclusions
From the Paper "The authors present many ideas in their work. The primary suggestion or point the authors attempt to bring is that the "power of hope and pride" go a long way toward organizing and rebuilding developments when applied properly (Medoff & Sklar 3). Though the population within the Dudley community was generally poor and young and suffering from unemployment, the neighborhood still demonstrates some of the most diversity and industriousness of any other Boston town (Medoff & Sklar 3).
The authors also show that stereotypical images of inner city neighborhoods that commonly depict areas "full of hoodlums and not neighborly" do not apply in all cases including that of the Dudley district (Medoff & Sklar 4). In fact, despite the poverty and underemployment represented in this community, people retained values and a sense of collaboration and camaraderie."
Abstract This paper takes a look at Ken Auletta's book 'Greed and Glory on Wall Street: the Fall of the House of Lehman'. According to the paper, the book tells the story of how the old and prestigious company Lehman Brothers Kuhn Loeb (LBKB) self-destructed from within because of infighting among its leaders.
From the Paper "At the same time, the SEC relaxed certain investing rules, which made it tempting to ignore the long term picture -- Peterson's strong suit -- in favor of short-term investment decisions -- Glucksman's preference. But for long-term stability, the company needed to consider the long-term picture when making short-term decisions. Glucksman could not or would not do that. The market turned from bull to bear, and LBKB's profits began to decline (p. 144). Meanwhile, Glucksman nominated Robert S. Rubin, a man who openly stated that he might not be suitable for the position, as President of LBKB, which brought the dislike some felt for Glucksman to the surface. Gradually Peterson and others discovered that significant opportunities had been lost, such as an offer to buy LBKB for three times its worth at the time, which would have been a huge windfall for all of the partners. Peterson didn't hear it because those in the know didn't like him and didn't take the information to him (p. 154). "
Tags: Peter, G., Peterson, Lewis, L., Glucksman, affluent, New, York, City, Wall, Street, investment, banker, trader
Abstract This paper reviews Sandra Cisneros' novel, "The House on Mango Street", by focusing on the symbol of a house as presented in the book. According to the reviewer, a house is used as a symbol of comfort, freedom and self-expression instead of as a physical space. Quotes from the book are used to illustrate this thesis. The reviewer further examines the protagonist Esperanza and her views of a house. The author concludes that a house is a symbol of escape for Esperanza.
From the Paper "Not only is the house important, but the conditions that caused them to move around so often are also worth pondering. It is because the family couldn't afford a house of their own that they had to move in and out of various houses. That intensified the desire of the family to have a house of their house especially Esperanza whose desire is most pronounced. Esperanza, the protagonist of the novel, is a young child whose sense of self respect is often dented by the humiliating comments made by others. She grows up believing that her sense of self worth is closely connected with having a house of her own- a white house "with trees around it, a great big yard and grass growing without a fence" (p. 8)"
Tags: Sandra, Cisneros, The, House, on, Mango, Street
Abstract The paper deals at length with the problem of homeless persons and states that while the homeless population is increasing steadily, the number of children amongst this population has seen the steepest incline. The paper reports that the Institute for Children and Poverty has shown that nearly millions of adolescents are experiencing homelessness. This staggering number means that nearly 2% of all children and approximately 10% of all poor children in America are presently homeless. The paper deals extensively with the problem of educating homeless children by exploring the strategies and tactics put forward by the McKinney-Vento Act in educating homeless children.
Outline:
Introduction
Background of the Study
Current Issues in Government Policies
Statement of the Problem
Significance of the Study
Purpose of the Study
Research Questions
Methodology
Research Method and Design
Data Collection
Data Evaluation
Definitions of Homelessness and Problems Associated with the Definition
The Educational Rights of Homeless Children Strategies Implemented
Conclusion and Discussion
From the Paper "As mentioned above, during the 1970's the streets of America, during the night, were increasingly being occupied by adults and children alike for spending their nights. This phenomenon was exposed by the media and the social advocates along with the policy makers chipped in to being a social change particularly in the education sector. However, research shows that more people, particularly families with small children, are homeless today than they were in the 1970's and the number is steeply rising (Hafetz, 2003). Burt (2001) argued that the while the country progressed economically all through the 1990's, the trickle down affect of this progress could not be seen. In fact, on the contrary, the housing industry got more pressure, which resulted in the increased rents and lack of affordable housing (Burt, 2001). Therefore, homelessness has once again got the front page attention from the media. "
Abstract This paper is an overview and analysis of the launching of Children's Advil to the general public in the United States. It includes a situation analysis covering company, product, price, place promotion, current environment. It goes into extensive detail about the pain relief market in general, and includes extensive statistics about both the adult and children's markets. It includes a media campaign, and details all of the media options available, with their rankings in order to insure the greatest possible success in the launching of this new product.
From the paper:
"Although the analgesics market is very competitive, the positive market trends, as well as the fact that manufacturers with well-established brands are spending a great deal to educate consumers and pharmacists about the benefits of their products, foretell a painless future for retailers and shoppers alike. In liquids, three of the top five brands are aimed at the children's market. It was these brands that contributed the bulk of the growth in the segment, such as Children's Motrin and Children's Advil, which grew business in drug 8.4 percent and 16.3 percent, respectively. In addition, Pediacare Fever increased sales by roughly 104 percent in the drug channel."
Abstract A discussion of the negative and fewer positive effects that television has on children and their language skills. Several propositions seem undisputed by all the researchers such as: children are the largest audience for television, television is a continuing interest for most children, and television can provoke a response in children. This paper concludes that television can invigorate the vocabulary of children, encourage their reading, and inspire their writing.
From the Paper "Without doubt, television influences the mental processes and speaking habits of young people who may develop their language skills in the family den as much as they do in the classroom. Indeed, statistics abound on the television habits of children. High school seniors will have watched about 15,000 hours of television by the time they graduate (1986 Nielson Report as cited in Powell 41). To gain perspective, Hal Blythe and Charlie Sweet put it this way: "By the time the vidkids matriculate at their favorite institution of higher learning, almost one-half of their waking life will have been spent being Superseted, Chromacolored, and Colortaked" (22-23). Sister Rosemary Winkeljohann reports this incident: A few seasons ago, on an episode of "Happy Days," Fonzie got a library card as a small part of the overall story. The producers thought nothing of it until they later learned that librarians all over the country were swamped the next day with children coming to the library. Children who had never used the library facilities now wanted library cards! (100) "
Abstract A comprehensive analysis of the legality of parents denying their children access to health care on the basis of their involvement in a "faith healing" religion such as Christian Science or Faith Tabernacle. The paper explains that for some residents of the United States, traditional medicine is not religiously acceptable in the face of sickness. On the contrary, these residents are so strongly against medicine that they will not even allow their children to see a doctor if they suffer from life threatening illnesses. It discusses how many followers of these religions are denying the use of traditional medicine and joining a movement that shies from what society considers the norm for treating sickness by putting their belief in God's ability to heal their family's illnesses. The paper argues however, that parents' religious convictions about the disuse of any type of medicine for their children should not be allowed as a legal means of denying their children this medicine because these convictions often cause the needless deaths and suffering of many children whom medical care would have helped.
From the Paper "For centuries America has debated to what extent church and state should be separated. More recently the argument about the disuse of medical treatment for religious reasons and the resulting deaths of the children of certain religious organization's followers has arisen. Since the seventeenth century when settlers came to America to escape religious persecution and seek religious freedom, the issue of separation of church and state has been in debate (Council 1). However, not all religions were given equal rights before the Bill of Rights was created: in Boston anyone preaching outside the established church could be fined or banned from the settlement (Weiss 11). Also, in areas that practiced South Anglicanism, those who spoke out against the Christian faith were sentenced to death (Weiss 11). However, the first amendment to the American Bill of Rights, which was passed in September of 1789, changed these discriminatory practices on a federal level and caused less religious discrimination to occur (Weiss 31). This amendment states: "Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof" (Bartlett 3). This amendment did not, however, guarantee the protection of United States citizens from state religious discrimination; but the fourteenth amendment, which was passed at a later date, did (Weiss 32). Opponents for and against parents' rights to deny their child medical care based on religious convictions are eager to solve the question of the relationship of church and state and the necessity of parents to obtain medical care as required by state governments. This issue has thus become a pressing argument that must be solved quickly because many children's lives are at stake."
A look how multiculturalism is portrayed in children's literature and how in countries like Canada, the authors of such books for children, seemingly miss the mark.
2,700 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 5 sources, 2005, $ 106.95
Abstract Critical paper conveying how multiculturalism in children's literature often reflects an American and British theoretical foundation that does not suit the Canadian case. Introduction to a movement in education that deconstructs previous children's literature but that in its ideology may miss the point of what children's literature should endeavor to create in a positive curiosity concerning different cultures. Several theoretical pieces and examples from children's books on African-American, Chinese and Aboriginal themes to show several weaknesses in a much politicized campaign.
From the Paper "In the last three decades, much has been made of the need to promote multiculturalism and also, the goals of anti-racism, by way of children's literature that should encourage the child's positive awareness of different cultures. This seems particularly important in the wildly multicultural environments offered by cities such as Toronto where children should be encouraged to acquire an interest in other cultures according to an ability to understand and appreciate what is different. "
