Abstract
In this article, the writer examines child centered versus teacher centered instruction. The writer discusses the need for optimal education and optimal education needs for children, and the pros and cons of each instructional style.

From the Paper
"The following presents a debate of the topic of child centered versus teacher-centered instruction with the conclusion that both are needed to ensure optimal education of young students. The need for optimal education for children is introduced and this is followed by a description of child centered and teacher centered instruction. Next the pros and cons of each instructional style are presented within a discussion of the existing support for each the needs of students and the outcomes related to child centered ..."

Tags:instruction, teacher, education, children, students

Abstract
This essay discusses gifted children in the classroom. According to this paper, teachers, parents and others in the past, have not understood what it means to be gifted and what activities including learning centers can be designed to help gifted students. Simple techniques can be used to guide gifted children to explore, to create, to design, and to lead other children in different parts of learning centers and/or activities. Using gifted students as mentors and using creative learning centers are two ways to help all the students in the classroom. "

From the Paper
"How would you change as a child advocator, your programming of activities and learning centers to include a child who is gifted along with all of the other children? The definition of gifted, "those who give evidence of high performance capability in areas as intellectual, creative, artistic, leadership capacity, or academic fields, and who require services or activities not ordinarily provided by the school" (Children Who Are Gifted 2002). "

Tags:gifted, children, activities

Abstract
This paper examines how the greatest obstacle that people had experienced as a psychological reaction to the WTC attack is a stress specifically identified as post-traumatic stress disorder or PTSD and how although PTSD is common among American adults, children are no less exempted from experiencing this psychological effect. It evaluates various statistics of children who have had symptoms of or have experienced/suffered from PTSD and reviews various studies on children from the New York area who have had emotional troubles and stress problems as a result of the WTC bombings. It stresses the importance of helping these children with proper intervention and help from the child's immediate relations, such as his family to ensure there are no psychological problems later on in life.

From the Paper
"On September 11, 2001, America and the whole world witnessed the most recent terrorist attack of a free, democratic country, wherein the World Trade Center Towers in New York City collapsed after two planes had crashed towards the two towers. The said incident was a terrorist attack by Osama bin Laden and his terrorist group Al Qaeda in Afghanistan, and the said terrorist attack resulted to thousands of deaths, which are mostly composed of people inside the building and within its perimeters. In addition to the numerous deaths and physical injuries that the attack had caused, great damage also resulted with the destruction of the World Trade Center Towers."

Tags:world, trade, center, towers, emotional, troubles, osama, bin, laden, terrorist

Abstract
By observing different child subjects, the writer of this paper found that while watching TV, children create their own imaginary world and are totally engrossed in it for a period of time. The writer shows that despite recent surveys showing the hazardous effect television has on children's intelligence and social skills, kids are in fact not totally engrossed with the program. The writer discusses how during the program they also insert several tasks such as inviting friends over. The question is asked why certain children lose interest in television programming during commercials and begin other tasks and whether there are any other factors from the commercial itself that prevent them from watching. The research combines behavior observation and questionnaire method to determine how children really feel and think about commercials and the reasons why they leave them.

From the Paper
"During the program an observer will need to take notes on how the children behave during commercial break. Since children are doing this at their convenient time and feel nothing different with their ordinary task, it is predicted that they also have several other tasks or objects that usually they have around. Some predicted actions might include starting a chat with other family members, poking their partners and having mischief time, tipping a snack, heading to kitchen to find some other things to eat, having their heads in the clouds, falling asleep, being busy with their toys, books, or tapes, or even starting a phone call. In other case I have even found that some students study for exams while watching TV, since it relieved their boredom and anxiety before an exam. The observer will record everything during the experiment and the possible factors that may trigger the kids on doing that."

Tags:attention, span, Center, for, Media, Education

Abstract
This paper presents a study on how gender stereotypes encompass even the toy preference of preschool age children. The paper tests the hypothesis that, as children become older, they prefer to play with sex-congruent toys rather than toys of the opposite sex. Specifically, the paper seeks to determine if children identify more with toys labeled as their individual gender when they are 3- to 4-year-olds in comparison to 2- to 3-year-olds. The paper describes the methods, procedure, and results of the study and then analyzes those results. The paper concludes with recommendations for conducting future research.

Outline:
Abstract
Method
Results
Discussion
Appendix A

From the Paper
"We encountered many limitations while conducting our experiment on the toy selection of different genders. Our hypothesis was that as children got older they would choose to play with toys that were identifiable with their individual gender. Conducting our experiment in classrooms that were set up to be gender-neutral made it hard to evaluate this. The activities and toys chosen the most were gender-neutral and therefore did not support or counter our hypothesis. Gender-neutral activities included: drawing, play dough, constructing shape pattern on sheets, going down the slide, generic books (particularly on frogs), puzzles and playing in the sand table."

Tags:behavior, child center, gender-appropriate hypothesis interrrater reliability observation variable

Abstract
The paper shows that there has been much debate centered on the growing number of single parents raising children and how society tends to blame single parent homes for the majority of ills including drug abuse, violent crimes and juvenile delinquency. While there are some single parent households headed by men, the overwhelming majority of single parent homes are headed by women. The paper shows that this fact sparks another concern, since the average household income for the female single parent is a mere 24,000 per year, which depending on the size of the family could mean that many single parent households are living at or below the poverty rate. The paper questions that with the apparent negatives of being a child in a single parent household, is it a valid conclusion to say that on average, children of single parent households are worse of than their counterparts living in a two-parent household? This paper also discusses how children of single parents cope emotionally and how they fare academically relative to their peers.

From the Paper
"They may also be more knowledgeable, cultured and well rounded if they have two sets of families to learn from and be loved by. These aspects may help them become more determined to succeed in their endeavors, teach them to become great leaders and valuable contributors to their families and to society. Single parent families are not economic bads, as a matter of fact, many of the worlds great leaders, visionaries, entertainers, politicians, TV personalities and others who make a valuable contribution to society every day are products of single parent homes."

Tags:fatherless, juvenile, delinquency, independence, responsibility, underage, sex

Abstract
This paper examines the subject of video games and children, and the broad agreement that a fundamental change in how children interact with the world and each other has been increasingly shaped by video games in all of their various formats. The paper further traces how the age of television began a gradual but increasing shift from outdoor to indoor activities that centered around the television. It also analyzes the impact of television and video games on the American family.

From the Paper
"On the subject of video games and children, there is genuine debate, but broad agreement that a fundamental change in how children interact with the world and each other has been increasingly shaped by the ubiquitous video games in all of their various formats. In the age of television, American children began a gradual but increasing shift from outdoor to indoor activities that centered around the Television. Rather than a family table, many families share meals, but do so in front of the television. In fact, American families spend an average of 6-8 hours in front of the TV and an average of 4-6 hours more with the television..."

Tags:video, games, education

Abstract
Discusses how child care centers & play areas in fast-food restaurants place young children at a health risk. Lack of hygiene in day care centers & play areas. How parents & caregivers can be educated on how to reduce risks of transmitting illness from one child to another. Role of nurses in education process. Examaines whether simple handwashing can prevent the spread of infection.

From the Paper
"Child care centers and play areas such as ball pits at fast-food restaurants are both places where young children are at risk for exposure to illness and infectious diseases because of their interaction with many other children, with items used by other young children, and with staff who have interacted with other young children and their playthings. Common illnesses transmitted in such a way include diarrhea and upper respiratory tract infections. This means that special care needs to be taken to prevent the spread of illness and infectious diseases in these places, and simple measures need to be developed to help reduce the incidence of infection. In the case of ball pits, procedures to maintain the hygiene of the area need to be instituted.
In child care centers, the staff are often overworked and don't..."

Abstract
The paper discusses how utilizing radio frequency identification (RFID) devices can provide security and peace of mind for schools, individual parents and daycare centers. The paper explains how this technology can be used on car seats, bracelets and in the belts of children in order to prevent their disappearance and avoid potential tragedies.

From the Paper
"Everywhere one looks, there are pictures of missing children displayed. They appear on milk cartons, in mailboxes and around town. Whether they have disappeared because they wandered off on their own and got lost, or were grabbed by an abductor with dangerous intentions, the result is the same. They are gone, their families are frantic and law enforcement officials scramble to locate the children before something horrible can happen. It only takes a split second. A mother turns her head to greet a friend, a man steps out of a room for a minute, or a child wanders away without letting parents know he is going to do so, and suddenly the child is gone. It is an unimaginable terror for parents as the television crews arrive. Their worst nightmare starts to come true as detectives ask to see a picture of the missing child."

Tags:abductors, kidnappers, disappearance, students, parents, daycare

Abstract
The writer discusses the Learning Center called "The Measure of Our Success", a non-profit business from 1993-1996. The paper relates that the premise of the Learning Center was to bring the experience of women over 75 into the lives of children. The paper discusses how the Learning Center brought groups of teachers and learners together after school to work on homework, mingle during snack time, and utilize the advanced techniques of music therapy and art therapy. The paper discusses how there was more than one teaching strategy in play at the Learning Center.

From the Paper
"The Learning Center I would like to discuss for this paper was called "The Measure of Our Success". It was a non-profit business from 1993-1996. The premise of the Learning Center was to bring the experience of women over 75 into the lives of children. The Learning Center brought these to groups of teachers and learners together after school to work on homework, mingle during snack time, utilize the advanced techniques of music therapy and art therapy. There was more than one teaching strategy in play at the Learning Center. Teaching was based on Precision Teaching. Precision Teaching was created..."

Tags:learning, center, education