Abstract The paper deals at length with the problem of homeless persons and states that while the homeless population is increasing steadily, the number of children amongst this population has seen the steepest incline. The paper reports that the Institute for Children and Poverty has shown that nearly millions of adolescents are experiencing homelessness. This staggering number means that nearly 2% of all children and approximately 10% of all poor children in America are presently homeless. The paper deals extensively with the problem of educating homeless children by exploring the strategies and tactics put forward by the McKinney-Vento Act in educating homeless children.
Outline:
Introduction
Background of the Study
Current Issues in Government Policies
Statement of the Problem
Significance of the Study
Purpose of the Study
Research Questions
Methodology
Research Method and Design
Data Collection
Data Evaluation
Definitions of Homelessness and Problems Associated with the Definition
The Educational Rights of Homeless Children Strategies Implemented
Conclusion and Discussion
From the Paper "As mentioned above, during the 1970's the streets of America, during the night, were increasingly being occupied by adults and children alike for spending their nights. This phenomenon was exposed by the media and the social advocates along with the policy makers chipped in to being a social change particularly in the education sector. However, research shows that more people, particularly families with small children, are homeless today than they were in the 1970's and the number is steeply rising (Hafetz, 2003). Burt (2001) argued that the while the country progressed economically all through the 1990's, the trickle down affect of this progress could not be seen. In fact, on the contrary, the housing industry got more pressure, which resulted in the increased rents and lack of affordable housing (Burt, 2001). Therefore, homelessness has once again got the front page attention from the media. "
Abstract This paper is an overview and analysis of the launching of Children's Advil to the general public in the United States. It includes a situation analysis covering company, product, price, place promotion, current environment. It goes into extensive detail about the pain relief market in general, and includes extensive statistics about both the adult and children's markets. It includes a media campaign, and details all of the media options available, with their rankings in order to insure the greatest possible success in the launching of this new product.
From the paper:
"Although the analgesics market is very competitive, the positive market trends, as well as the fact that manufacturers with well-established brands are spending a great deal to educate consumers and pharmacists about the benefits of their products, foretell a painless future for retailers and shoppers alike. In liquids, three of the top five brands are aimed at the children's market. It was these brands that contributed the bulk of the growth in the segment, such as Children's Motrin and Children's Advil, which grew business in drug 8.4 percent and 16.3 percent, respectively. In addition, Pediacare Fever increased sales by roughly 104 percent in the drug channel."
Abstract A discussion of the negative and fewer positive effects that television has on children and their language skills. Several propositions seem undisputed by all the researchers such as: children are the largest audience for television, television is a continuing interest for most children, and television can provoke a response in children. This paper concludes that television can invigorate the vocabulary of children, encourage their reading, and inspire their writing.
From the Paper "Without doubt, television influences the mental processes and speaking habits of young people who may develop their language skills in the family den as much as they do in the classroom. Indeed, statistics abound on the television habits of children. High school seniors will have watched about 15,000 hours of television by the time they graduate (1986 Nielson Report as cited in Powell 41). To gain perspective, Hal Blythe and Charlie Sweet put it this way: "By the time the vidkids matriculate at their favorite institution of higher learning, almost one-half of their waking life will have been spent being Superseted, Chromacolored, and Colortaked" (22-23). Sister Rosemary Winkeljohann reports this incident: A few seasons ago, on an episode of "Happy Days," Fonzie got a library card as a small part of the overall story. The producers thought nothing of it until they later learned that librarians all over the country were swamped the next day with children coming to the library. Children who had never used the library facilities now wanted library cards! (100) "
Abstract A comprehensive analysis of the legality of parents denying their children access to health care on the basis of their involvement in a "faith healing" religion such as Christian Science or Faith Tabernacle. The paper explains that for some residents of the United States, traditional medicine is not religiously acceptable in the face of sickness. On the contrary, these residents are so strongly against medicine that they will not even allow their children to see a doctor if they suffer from life threatening illnesses. It discusses how many followers of these religions are denying the use of traditional medicine and joining a movement that shies from what society considers the norm for treating sickness by putting their belief in God's ability to heal their family's illnesses. The paper argues however, that parents' religious convictions about the disuse of any type of medicine for their children should not be allowed as a legal means of denying their children this medicine because these convictions often cause the needless deaths and suffering of many children whom medical care would have helped.
From the Paper "For centuries America has debated to what extent church and state should be separated. More recently the argument about the disuse of medical treatment for religious reasons and the resulting deaths of the children of certain religious organization's followers has arisen. Since the seventeenth century when settlers came to America to escape religious persecution and seek religious freedom, the issue of separation of church and state has been in debate (Council 1). However, not all religions were given equal rights before the Bill of Rights was created: in Boston anyone preaching outside the established church could be fined or banned from the settlement (Weiss 11). Also, in areas that practiced South Anglicanism, those who spoke out against the Christian faith were sentenced to death (Weiss 11). However, the first amendment to the American Bill of Rights, which was passed in September of 1789, changed these discriminatory practices on a federal level and caused less religious discrimination to occur (Weiss 31). This amendment states: "Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof" (Bartlett 3). This amendment did not, however, guarantee the protection of United States citizens from state religious discrimination; but the fourteenth amendment, which was passed at a later date, did (Weiss 32). Opponents for and against parents' rights to deny their child medical care based on religious convictions are eager to solve the question of the relationship of church and state and the necessity of parents to obtain medical care as required by state governments. This issue has thus become a pressing argument that must be solved quickly because many children's lives are at stake."
A look how multiculturalism is portrayed in children's literature and how in countries like Canada, the authors of such books for children, seemingly miss the mark.
2,700 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 5 sources, 2005, $ 106.95
Abstract Critical paper conveying how multiculturalism in children's literature often reflects an American and British theoretical foundation that does not suit the Canadian case. Introduction to a movement in education that deconstructs previous children's literature but that in its ideology may miss the point of what children's literature should endeavor to create in a positive curiosity concerning different cultures. Several theoretical pieces and examples from children's books on African-American, Chinese and Aboriginal themes to show several weaknesses in a much politicized campaign.
From the Paper "In the last three decades, much has been made of the need to promote multiculturalism and also, the goals of anti-racism, by way of children's literature that should encourage the child's positive awareness of different cultures. This seems particularly important in the wildly multicultural environments offered by cities such as Toronto where children should be encouraged to acquire an interest in other cultures according to an ability to understand and appreciate what is different. "
Abstract This paper looks at children's television and its negative influence on children today. The first section starts off the paper with a view into the positive side of children's television. Television isn"t entirely evil, so this section helps the reader understand that you aren"t completely against television. The second section describes how children are emotionally and mentally influenced by television shows. The third section relates how a child's increasing violent nature could be the result of the violence that they view every day in their shows. The fourth section discusses how the media is involved, primarily on a consumer basis. The fifth and final section refers to what the parent can do to in a world that is surrounded in television.
From the Paper "Televisions shows that are directed primarily towards a child audience are to a large degree responsible for the controversial decline in development that is visible in today's youth culture. Through this medium children are exposed to vast quantities of violence and negative themes. These shows contribute to the breakdown of family as well as the lessened emotional development of children. Not only has television proven detrimental on a child-to-child basis, but in addition has greatly influenced the overall standards of our consumer culture and quite possibly made us more so. While children's educational television shows are given high notoriety for making a positive contribution to a child's education and development, the problem lies in the fact that parents oftentimes neglect to research or take an active interest in their children's viewing. Due to the fact that they consider the programs directed mainly towards children to be either education or purely for the basis of entertainment parents do not seriously scrutinize them. In effect they fail to suspect these shows as being a major contributor to the upbringing and future of their children and the younger generation."
An examination of the phenomenon of Bipolar Disorder (manic depression) in children, focusing on how this affects children's social and behavioral development.
Abstract Bipolar disease in children, its prevalence, signs and symptoms, and treatment are discussed. No specific drugs are mentioned as the crux of the paper relates to the social development of these children. Specifically, the paper provides a quick definition of what is "normal" social development, the consequences of "abnormal" social development, and lastly what specific abnormalities or obstacles of social development affect children with bipolar disease.
From the Paper "Everyone can elicit some happy memory from childhood. For most individuals, an account of a favorite birthday party, camping trip, or other social event can be easily recollected. For some, this is an especially difficult challenge, and not because of an impaired memory or other cognitive deficit. They simply lack those memories; feelings of happiness, belonging to a peer group, or simply of having friends elude them. Bipolar disorder (also known as manic-depression) is a fairly well known illness that affects millions of adults worldwide and is now being diagnosed among children, some as young as 5 years old. Children with this condition are especially vulnerable, as it is during these years that their social development and interpersonal relationship skills are critically defined. Normal children do not have to consciously think about or make a coordinated effort to "make friends" usually; it is a process that seems to happen effortlessly. Bipolar children are not as fortunate, as the physical and psychological manifestations of the disease, coupled with the stigma that is usually attached to them, make healthy social development almost impossible. In response, the standard of care treatment of this disorder, at any age, is usually pharmacotherapy. But can this really help a lonely, depressed child, in their struggle to find a place in the world and be accepted?"
Abstract This paper discusses how interviewing children during therapy involves different skills than the process of interviewing adults and how as pointed out in Garbarino (1992), children do not have the same linguistic or cognitive competence as adults. Therefore, the process of interviewing children is necessarily unlike that of the process for interviewing adults, in that they often have different ways of communicating their thoughts and emotions than adults do. This summarizes the article, "Guidelines for Interviewing Children", which describes this delicate process."
Abstract The paper quotes Manchester (2003) who contends that women who murder their children often suffer from postpartum depression, causing women to believe there is no hope of an adequate future for themselves or their children. The paper discusses how the article provides discussion on this topic with research into the historical evidence of women murdering their children and how these cases were handled in the criminal justice system. The paper explains that according to the author, society has historically been lenient with women that suffered from postpartum depression although children's lives were taken by these women.
Abstract This paper discusses how advertising influences children and ultimately may impact purchasing decisions in a household. The author describes how different techniques are used in creating advertisements geared for children rather than adults. Lego's current advertising strategy for one of its products is used as an example. Additionally, a psychological study is used to confirm the best advertising methods for targeting children, and how these methods are incorporated into Lego's campaign. The author concludes that media-saturated children and parents who cannot say no have created a marketing opportunity for toy companies.
From the Paper "The study concluded: "advertising directed at adults, for adult products, tends to aim at building brand loyalty, focusing on product characteristics that are perceived to be of long-term value. On the other hand, children's products must be updated frequently, reflecting the latest theme or character in order to grab attention. Advertising aimed at children does not focus on brand loyalty, but on the new and exciting features and tie-ins that are available."(Briesch, Bridges, & Kim, 2004) This study did not focus on children's products, but on all products in the household in general, noting that even in terms of decisions like eating out, buying breakfast cereals and toothpaste, and other decisions that affect the health habits of the entire household, children have a powerful influence. This influence is magnified, however, with products that are exclusively used by the child, perhaps because the parental will is less stalwart when dealing with products that are child-exclusive."
Abstract The paper discusses surveys which study the effect of TV commercials on children. The paper relates that the food industry has increased its advertising to all ages, including children, which is having a negative impact on their health. The paper suggests that companies should be held responsible for their influence on children, or at least present a more rounded view of food and nutrition. The paper also states that children have been bombarded by food marketing, which has resulted in higher rates of obesity. The paper ,after referring to various situations, concludes that a relationship has been found between television commercials and eating.
From the Paper "A similar study was conducted in Europe, where children do not eat enough fruit and vegetables and where exposure to TV is negatively associated with the intake of these foods. This study by Klepp et. al. (2007) explored exposure to food commercials on TV in nine European countries with approximately 12, 750 children to determine the association between this exposure and attitudes toward eating fruits and vegetables. The authors state that the children report exposure more to more unhealthy foods than healthy ones such as fruits and vegetables. However, those who were exposed to fruit and vegetable TV ads were much more positively disposed toward eating these foods. These findings point to the important, and more positive, role that TV could play in supporting healthy eating messages."
This paper looks at the effects of the drug Ritalin given to Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) children.
Abstract This paper looks at the debate surrounding the use of Ritalin, especially the misuse among children under the age of six. The paper details what ADD and ADHD are, how they are diagnosed and treated and what the growth in the number of children being diagnosed with these disorders has done to the use of Ritalin. The paper looks at several different issues including treatment of adolescents, teenagers and young adults. It also addresses the issue of a lack of research being conducted into the affects that this drug has on children and adolescents.
The paper has an extensive bibliography, but is without footnotes, or endnotes.
From the Paper "Children who take Ritalin note that they are more goal directed, they are able to stay focused on their schoolwork, are less aggressive and are more docile and compliant. The effects of the drug usually are seen within 30 to 60 minutes after taking it. The peak occurs within one to three hours and the influences are gone in 3 to 5 hours. The sustained release form, effects last 6 to 8 hours. It is entirely metabolized and out of the system within 12 to 24 hours. The dose is usually taken twice a day. The Physicians Desk Reference lists more than 25 side effects that can be seen while taking Ritalin. Some of these include nausea, insomnia, headaches, weight loss, slowing of growth, compulsive behaviors, elevated heart rate, increased blood pressure and Tourette syndrome. Regardless of the evidence that this drug has damaging side effects, doctors still ignore a safer solution. Non drug approaches for children are also underfunded."
Abstract This paper presents a look at children, television and American values. The writer collects and reviews empirical evidence about the way television affects American values in the children of the nation. The writer uses a survey approach and conducts a study of children age 5-10 year old and combines the results in this paper.
From the Paper "American values are as American as apple pie. When one has children one of the things they hope for is that they can raise those children to have strong American values, which might include respect for others, hard work and the ability to accept diversity. Often times the lack of American values is blamed on the things that children watch on television. Experts claim that the television shows that are popular today with children send a message to the children that they do not have to have values to be well liked and successful in life. Research is firmly divided on the issue and the debate continues. American values can be confusing for anyone who has to depend solely on television to attain them. Television shows today target audiences of children not only with the content of the show but with the commercials that are supporting the show. Even when the age bracket in question is not being targeted they watch and they learn from the messages that are sent."
Abstract This paper addresses the impact of mainstreaming deaf children. It sights links between family and child as well as links between child and school. It focuses on specific forms of education for deaf children and the needs each style of learning will address. It favors the inclusion of deaf children while maintaining the uniqueness of the child's deaf community.
From the Paper "Having a child who is deaf is a unique responsibility. Although deafness is generally seen as a disability, the Deaf community is a thriving culture bound by its own language (ASL), "a rich history of art, humour, literature and customs". Parents who discover they have a child who is deaf are faced with a series of life altering decisions unlike any they would make for a hearing child. (For the purpose of this paper, the Parents referred to will specifically, but not exclusively, be hearing parents). Having a child who is deaf in the family causes all previous dynamics to change totally. Parents are faced with choosing how to equip their child to communicate and interact in the family, school, and society. Once communication methods are chosen the parents must decide on the education methods best suited to their unique child. Being aware of the choices and decisions these parents face will make educators more involved and able to give educated suggestions. Understanding the family dynamics, choices and decisions involved in parenting a deaf child is the best way to understand the unique "deaf-abilities" these children bring to the classroom."
Abstract Obesity is a major problem in America. Children are becoming obese and this will lead to obesity as an adult. Obesity can lead to serious disease in children such as diabetes. It is time that America take action and stop obesity in children.
