Abstract
This paper explains that generations of parents continue to perpetuate negative child rearing techniques because it is what they themselves know. The author presents the work of Alice Miller who feels that children who survive an abusive childhood have a natural 'gift' to adapt even to unspeakable cruelty by becoming numb. Presenting the author's own situation, the paper concludes that that when someone was not a happy, healthy child herself, it requires a concerted effort on the part of the adult to become healthy and happy and to make amends with that childhood in order to go on to raise happy, healthy children.

From the Paper
"I accept that I, nor anyone, can or should expect our parents to change. The burden of change lies within my generation because we have the faculties and resources to overcome the past, in the form of our own intelligence and self-awareness, literature, both instructional and auto-biographical (self-realization aided by the realizations of others), and good therapists. I believe that acknowledging and working to understand the cycle you have been victim of (and may in fact have been perpetuating) is an important start to breaking it."

Tags:pervasive numb self-soothe, perfectionist parents, self-awareness

Abstract
This paper focuses on the choices women make. The author explores the workload division between them and men. The paper projects the future.

Abstract
The paper discusses how the mother in "I Stand Here Ironing" is stymied by guilt, helplessness and frustration for the poverty and providence that led her Emily to be a child that was rarely smiled at, often responsible for more than her years could handle and constantly faced with a look of worry from her mother. The paper explains the mother's many financial and other difficulties and relates that she actually followed all the then current advice on childrearing that promoted distance and little affection. The paper highlights this connection of distance between the mother and daughter.

From the Paper
"The mother is disturbed but has no answers, that will help her go back in time and allow Emily's childhood to be one that was not filled with fear, bad secondary care giving and a constant look of worry on her mothers face. She raised her oldest child, without the father, as he could not provide for them and therefore walked away. Necessity made it so the mother had to send Emily to her father's family at least twice, where she became a different child. When she was with her mother she often had bad secondary care givers, cruel nursery teachers and angry old ladies, who were willing to watch her for free."

Tags:secondary, care, distance, affection, childhood

Abstract
This paper is a cultural anthropologic study of the Inuit of Northern Canada and Alaska. They are commonly known as the Eskimo people, although this is a misnomer. The paper discusses Inuit culture, marriage and childrearing practices, as well as food, clothing, and housing of this indigenous culture. The creation of the Nunavut province in Canada, governed by the Inuit Tribal Council, is also addressed as an important step forward for First Nations autonomy.

Abstract
Unpaid domestic labour is homemaking and childrearing. By definition 'unpaid' labour is exploitation. Paid domestic labour includes live-in nannies and other domestic servants. These are underpaid, overworked and frequently women of colour.

Abstract
Discusses social and cultural aspects. Evolving notion of motherhood. Influence of external institutions such as the Church, the State and the medical institutions. Changing attitudes toward mothers and "mothercraft" related to societal perceptions about women. Idea of the connection of childrearing to the public domain. Oppression of women.

From the Paper
"Although motherhood revolves around women s capacity to reproduce, its inherent concept is primarily defined by the prevalent social and cultural practices of its times. In modern history, the evolving notion of motherhood has enabled external institutions such as the Church, the State and the medical institutions to dictate how women should behave and more specifically how they should raise their children (Ross 4-5). From the development of the concept of the republican motherhood to the infant welfare and eugenics movements of early 20th century, women have had to endure the intrusive participation of outside agents in their domestic arenas and the violation of the privacy of their bodies. This paper thus traces how the changing concept of motherhood has shaped the lives of women in the modern era."

Abstract
This paper takes a look at Annette Lareau's book 'Unequal Childhoods'. According to the paper, it is a lengthy report of Lareau's research on child raising practices in America. The paper reports that in the book, she argues that there are two "logics" of child rearing evident in American society, each one shaped by social class distinctions.

From the Paper
" These are just two examples of evidence that supports the thesis that inequality permeates the fabric of our society. In the United States, however, most people believe in the American dream--the idea that anyone can be successful and "have it all" if they are willing to work hard and play by the rules. Most Americans see society as a collection of individuals who are free to achieve upward mobility by their own efforts. They do not see society as structuring the lives of individuals who are part of it. They think children have equal life chances, and that if their chances vary, it is because they possess different levels of talent, energy, and aspiration. This perspective does not see that the parents' social position "systematically shapes children's life experiences and outcomes" (p. 235). "

Tags:values, framework, society, language, institution, childrearing, school

Abstract
In Jack Larkins' book "The Reshaping of Everyday Life", the author clearly explains the progress, hard times, disease, slavery and new ways of life between 1790 to 1840. The paper shows that the book presents us with a good understanding of how hard our ancestors must have worked to offer us a better life in the future.

From the Paper
"People married between 19 and 23 usually, and had huge parties to celebrate their marriage. After a year of marriage the couple usually started having children. It wasn't unusual for a couple to have seven or eight children. When some children were born, it wasn't until the child was a few months old before the parents would name it. Risk of death was great during the child's fragile first months so the parents would try hard not to get too attached."

Tags:technology, stagecoach, malnutrition, slavery, childrearing

Abstract
This paper analyzes the influence of parenting and the environment, by evaluating the arguments presented by Judith Harris and Amy Tan in their literary works.

From the Paper
"Multi cultural environment in America as well as other societies has often given rise for conflict. The conflict entails the rejection of culture prevalent in the society in which the parents live and the acceptance of the same by their children. The resultant is a conflict within the family. From here arises the never answered question is it the parenting that influences the children or the environment. Both literalists and social science have tried to identify the cause for the dilemma."

Tags:harris, tan, society, children, childrearing, peers, pressure

Abstract
This paper explains social and structural barriers that confront women because of child-rearing practices. The author reviews Australia's labor market and how it relates to women. The paper examines discriminatory practices.

From the Paper
"The role of women in society has expanded considerably over the past century. Less than a hundred years ago, women in the United States which purports to be the most democratic nation in the world were not allowed to vote. Today women in the developed world including Australia ..."

Tags:women's rights, childrearing, workforce participation, Australia, social constructs