Abstract This paper presents a look at early childhood education in London, England. It includes a brief history and examines the social, economic, cultural, and technological forces have affected educational changes in England. The paper discusses the variety of educational pedagogies in this system of early childhood education.
From the Paper "The history of the education movement in England can be traced back to the Education Act. This Act ushered in the modern system of education in England. The Act gave rise to a national system of state education but also assured the existence of ..."
Tags: Early Childhood Education, London, England, Brief history of Early Childhood Education in England, The social, economic, cultural, and technological forces have affected educational changes in England. Educational pedagogies in this system of Early Child
Abstract This poem is about the innocence of childhood that makes everything awesome and how over time this luster is lost. The poet also explains what he feels are the causes of this phenomenon. Wordsworth uses many literary devices in 'Intimations of Immortality from Recollections of Early Childhood', including metaphor, rhyme, personification, imagery and repetition to describe his thoughts and views.
From the Paper "It is important to first note the literary devices Wordsworth uses throughout the poem. The rhyme scheme, though seemingly erratic, provides a flow to the poem. This is enhanced by the author's use of varied meter. By combining lines with many syllables with more concise ones the poem is broken up into more defined thoughts, creating a kind of "poem within a poem" effect. These two features occur throughout the poem and enhance its overall effect. Another literary device that is used throughout the poem is repetition. This occurs most frequently with the images of spring. One prime example is the near exact replication of the lines involving the seasonal images of birds singing and lambs bounding in stanzas three and ten. This particular case allows the author to demonstrate his change in mindset. He goes from grieving over the fact that the spring scene presented is not as splendid to an ability to put this grief aside and "rather find/ Strength in what remains behind" (180-181)."
Abstract The following discussion evaluates the issues related to early childhood education and management in today's society, where there are vast differences in resources, cultures, and poverty rates in many situations. The writer points out that it is evident that poverty, cultural differences, and financial resources are critical to the development of effective early childhood education programs.
From the Paper "In today's society, the education of young children is critical to the advancement and success of this generation in the future. It is necessary that leaders and managers within this field must capture the essence of young minds when developing strategies for improvement in the educational sector. In any discussion of early childhood education, there are considerable challenges in many cultures, which have led to problems in providing the curriculum and the skills that are necessary to ensure that children are prepared for the future. Perhaps most important is the understanding of these challenges in an attempt to offer new opportunities for the advancement of early childhood education in many different ways. The following discussion will identify three problems within the early childhood education environment and their influence on the management of this educational sector in the Western world."
Abstract This paper has several sections. It includes the search criteria that an applicant has in looking for a job, a description of an advertised job listing, a personal statement about early childhood education teaching philosophy and a checklist based on the National Association for the Education of Young Children code of ethical conduct from 1989. A CV from an early childhood teacher is also included.
From the Paper "Over the course of my studies, I've grown very interested in alternate schools and methods of teaching. These teaching methods interest me because they take the teacher away from the front of the classroom and put him or her within reach of the students. In addition, I welcome the idea of being a facilitator or guide, rather than a lecturer. Therefore, my first criterion was that of the nature of the school program in which the position was being offered. My selection choices were somewhat broader than anticipated in this area, as I found advertisements for both Montessori- and Waldorf-based programs in my area. Because I do not have training in either program, one of my criteria needed to be a program that would allow me to learn about that philosophy of teaching while still permitting me to teach."
Abstract This paper presents an overview of programs that are aimed at reducing crime by using early childhood crime prevention programs. The paper reviews one of the most significant studies in recent history, the "Perry Study out of Ypsilanti, MI." According to the paper, this research exposed the very real and tangible benefits of early childhood education for poverty stricken students as an element to prevent them from becoming criminals as they got older. The paper further reports how this study proved to be the catalyst for the nationwide Head Start program and is still referred to today to obtain government funding for preschool programs.
Outline:
Introduction
The Study
Conclusion
From the Paper "There have been three major studies undertaken to test this theory with the "grandfather" of those studies being the High/Scope Perry Preschool Project. The study drew participants from African American children residing in Ypsilanti, Michigan whose parents had applied to have their children included in attendance of a program. The participants were placed into two groups, those children who would attend and those who would not attend. Random assignment and the effort to not let teachers of later schools know which of their students were in the program and out of those which had attended and which had not attended the preschool helped to protect the purity and validity of the study(Stellar, 2003). "
Abstract This paper explains that Erik Erikson's book "Childhood and Society" presents his views of personality and development. The author points out the reasons Erikson wrote this book and his attitude towards human behavior. The paper includes biographical data on Erickson.
From the Paper "We are also forced to recognize a universal blind spot in the makers and interpreters of history. They ignore the fateful function of childhood in the fabric of society."
Abstract This paper explains the multiple factors associated with obesity in American children such as environmental, parental and genetics, influence the increasing prevalence of childhood obesity. The author points out that many obese children many have eating disorders. The paper is presented from the point of view of a professional psychologist.
From the Paper "There is a significant increase in the incidence of obesity in the American population according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Alarmingly, this problem affects more children each day. There are many reasons for this. Among them are diets high in fat, sugar and calories, combined with a sedentary lifestyle among many Americans including children. Marianne Hurst writing for "Education Week" suggests that many overweight children may have eating disorders. This may be the reason of their abnormal weight gain. One of these eating disorders is ..."
Tags:Childhood obesity, causes, cures, role of parents, schools, communities, government, health factors, causes of compulsive overeating
Abstract The following discussion evaluates the issues related to early childhood education in today's society. The writer points out that it is critical for children to obtain the skills and knowledge that are necessary to advance to higher levels. Further, the writer notes that these early years are the most critical development years, and therefore, education must be concentrated in providing support and goals for achievement.
From the Paper "The education of very young children in modern society is critical to the development and maturity of these children into adolescence and adulthood. It is imperative that individual support of these objectives is sought and achieved on a regular basis as a means of discovery and in order to capture the attention of young minds when they are most likely to absorb knowledge. A wide variety of perspectives are available regarding this aspect of education, and it is necessary to identify and evaluate the specific issues related to leadership in both a gender and non-gender context. The following discussion will address these two perspectives in greater detail, providing an assessment of two articles that provide support for these issues."
Abstract This paper discusses and compares three types of education curriculum. These are the High Scope Curriculum, the Emergent Curriculum, and the Academic Curriculum. This paper explains and then examines the advantages and disadvantages of all three, from the perspective of early childhood education.
From the Paper "The demands that are placed on education continue to change each year. The testing trend of today's school systems as well as accountability of teachers and administrators has been brought to the forefront in recent years. Through this, early childhood educators have held strong in their plight to provide a quality and meaningful education to every child during the formative years when learning is all that matters. In an effort to examine the best teaching practice for early childhood programs, this paper will focus on three types of curriculum in comparison. They are the High Scope Curriculum, The Emergent Curriculum, and the Academic Curriculum."
Abstract This paper looks at the detrimental causes and effects of the nationwide trend and tragedy of childhood obesity. It looks at these causes and effects from a social standpoint as well as standpoints based on science and medicine using professional and peer reviewed journals and research for source material and evidence.
From the Paper "Childhood Obesity In many ways, the overall health of our nation, and our world, has increased greatly in the past generation. From much new knowledge on healthier lifestyles, to better exercise and fitness technology, to greater medical breakthroughs that have allowed for the prevention, detection, and treatment of disease and illness, better scientific knowledge has led to better health in human beings. However, one losing battle has arisen in the arena of health and it is ever faster affecting thousands or millions of those that matter most, our children. This battle is one of childhood obesity. In a article on this issue that was published within the past month, Jeffrey Schwimmer notes the ferocity and controversy that occur when studying such a touchy subject when he paints the following picture. "At an urban high school, set in a low-income neighborhood, serving an ethnic minority population, one might find nearly half the teens overweight or obese.""
Abstract The early childhood years are universally recognized as being a critically important developmental period for human beings, and when normal patterns of parental caregiving and nurturing are disrupted or when children experience abuse at the hands of others, the consequences can be profound, pervasive and even life-threatening. This literature review examines the relationship between childhood sexual abuse, dissociation and self-destructive behavior. The studies are grouped according to those studies concerning childhood sexual abuse and dissociation, those that concern childhood sexual abuse and various self-destructive behaviors, and those that investigate the relationship between all three factors.
Outline:
Introduction
Studies Concerning Childhood Sexual Abuse and Dissociation
Studies Concerning Childhood Sexual Abuse and Self-Destructive Behaviors
Studies Examining All Three Variables
From the Paper "When families experience the trauma of sexual abuse, the processes by which these multiple and competing reactions on the part of the parent and the child tend to interfere with the normal processes that provide families with the means to achieve healthy functioning following such episodes of abuse. In this regard, Silberg (2004) reports that when children are sexually abused, there will be a natural tendency to engage in a number of emotional responses that may compete for primacy, including a desire for secrecy, individual victimization memories and sexual experiences, and confused and mixed emotions in the child and the parent. According to this researcher, "This is likely to be the case whether the conflicting feelings are a result of abuse within the family or from maltreatment by an individual outside of the family. In either case, these competing processes lead to dissociative manifestations, forgetting, and inability to make adequate meaning out of the feelings, perceptions, and ideas stimulated by the sexual abuse" (Silberg, 2004, p. 490). "
Abstract This paper discusses how childhood sexual abuse continues to be prevalent and prevention or intervention efforts are considered a failure since childhood sexual abuse often results in effects that continue into adulthood. It looks at how relationships between this sexual abuse and adult problems such as depression, anxiety, drug abuse, attempted suicide and psychiatric disorders, have been found. It proposes a study to investigate these effects of childhood sexual abuse on female and male adults, in an equal group, nonclinical sample.
Outline
Statement of the Problem
Introduction
Study Purpose
Definition of Terms
Significance of the Study
Literature Review
Childhood Sexual Abuse
Effects of Childhood Sexual Abuse
Specific Effects of Depression and Anxiety
Study Design
Research Questions and Hypotheses
Methodology
Subjects
Instruments
Procedures
Data Analysis
Limitations
From the Paper "Sexual abuse of children has been reported 80,000 times a year and the numbers of unreported cases is considered to be even greater. The long-term effects of this abuse are far reaching and devastating. The abuse may take place in various situations, to include within the family, in a school, at a neighbors, or with a random molester. Children are not in a position to cope with sexual stimulation or the psychological ramifications involved with the interaction. The child may care for the abuser and become trapped between the need for that person and the need to be rid of the abuse. These children develop a loss of self-esteem with feelings of worthlessness and they become withdrawn, mistrustful, and have an abnormal sexual perspective."
Tags: depression, anxiety, prevention, intervention, family
Abstract This paper addresses childhood onset schizophrenia (COS) and the controversy surrounding the causes as well as the diagnostic distinction between childhood onset schizophrenia and the more known disorder schizophrenia, which is prevalent in adults. For the purposes of providing a differential diagnosis and a definitive clinical picture of COS, the paper examines the disorder as diagnosed prior to the age of thirteen. The paper points out that, until recently, the term childhood schizophrenia was given to a highly diverse mix of children with very little in common other than a profound and chronic disturbance during early childhood. The paper concludes that, although much work has been written about childhood onset schizophrenia, there are still many issues subject to debate.
From the Paper "The assessment of diagnosing childhood onset schizophrenia is a very delicate matter and all areas of the child's life have to come into consideration. Because of the severity of schizophrenia and the elements it shares with other psychotic mood disorders, it is very important to perform thorough assessment prior to diagnosis. This assessment involves structured interviews, symptom scales, and diagnostic decision trees like those found in the DSM-IV-TR manual. The individuals that should be interviewed include the child, their parents, teachers, siblings and even their peers. A clear distinction is necessary to be determined so that proper action can be taken. The interview with parents and children must be thorough and include information on recent events, changes in mental state and functioning, developmental history and, as we have seen before family history. Information on family history is significant as the rate of schizophrenia is increased among first degree relatives (Gonthier, 2004)."
Abstract This paper discusses the writer's views and philosophies regarding early childhood education. It describes the importance of early childhood education in society and the legal codes that apply to it. The paper then discusses the role parents can play in a child's education and how this role can be facilitated by the educators. It also looks at how diversity can affect education. Finally, the paper discusses the writer's teaching philosophies.
Table of Contents:
The Importance of Early Childhood Education
Legal Codes Relevant to Early Childhood Education
Parenting Cooperation
Diversity in Education
Teaching Philosophy
From the Paper "My teaching philosophy is significantly influenced by diversity in age and ability as I have experienced the breadth of such as a student and an ECE professional. In ECE the main aspect of philosophy that influences the ability to help all students is flexibility. Open ended project bases with reflective pre-reading and constant supervision and support are the key to the development of skills that manifest as flexible enough to support diversity of age and ability. Another practical application I have found essential to such development is multi-age mentoring throughout the day. Older children and younger children and children of varied abilities can be partnered to help one another understand concepts an learning materials and if the experience is positive it helps develop self-esteem and camaraderie among students who them begin to understand the staged process of learning. One way that I have tried to help ensure that such interactions are positive are by applying concepts from the Different and Same supplementary curriculum as it attempts to model good behavior for students with regard to diversity in age, ability and even race."
Abstract This paper examines literature concerning the differences between the treatment and view of children in southern-based settings and the treatment and view of children in western, northern-based settings. The paper also discusses the methodology through which cultures justify and define the rights and "best interests" of children, and the ways in which the dynamics of child-adult relationships are identified and categorized.
Erica Burman: Appealing and Appalling Children,
Psychoanalytic Studies, 1999
Chris Jenks: Childhood 1996
Erica Burman: The Abnormal Distribution of Development:
Policies for Southern women and children; Gender Place & Culture:
A Journal of Feminist Geography 1995:
B. Rwezaura: The Concept of the Child's Best Interests
in the Changing Economic and Social Context of Sub-Saharan
Africa (in The Best Interests of the Child, Philip Alston)
Allison James: Childhood Identities: Self and Social Relationships
in the Experience of the Child 1993:
Michael Freeman: The Moral Status of Children: Essays on the
Rights of the Child 1997:
Martin Woodhead: "Psychology and the Cultural Construction of
Children's Needs" (in Constructing and Reconstructing Childhood:
Contemporary Issues in the Sociological Study of Childhood) 1997:
Abdullahi An-Na'Im: "Cultural Transformation and Normative
Consensus on the Best Interests of the Child" (in The Best
Interests of the Child) 1994:
From the Paper "Meantime, the world is changing rapidly for some children, notably in the north, though the ongoing - and often positive, forward-leaning - dynamics of market globalization, high-speed information and communication systems, and more; but for many millions of children in the south, the world stays pretty much the same. For those southern children, it is, unfortunately, all about survival. If enlightened leadership in the north and south can carefully construct better approaches through progressive and pragmatic models - not just degrees and "conventions" through the United Nations, but real, tangible formulae - for positive plans that improve futures for children universally, the world will be a safer, richer, more peaceful place in which to live and grow up."
