Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that as the most under-reported form of child maltreatment, sexual abuse is an ever-increasing problem. The writer points out that child sexual abuse is not limited to any one geographical area, culture, or society; in fact, it is a global pandemic with children of all races and nationalities at risk for abuse. The writer maintains that every researcher mentioned in this paper would quickly agree that child sexual abuse is a very real and terrible social problem with many negative consequences, and that education appears to be the key factor when it comes to preventing child sexual abuse. The paper's research and studies all reveal that child sexual abuse occurs more frequently than one would assume and that it often goes under-reported, if reported at all. The writer concludes that, unfortunately, there is no clear-cut method for eliminating child sexual abuse, except perhaps through greatly altering the attitudes and motives of those individuals responsible for the abuse.

From the Paper
"Child sexual abuse is perhaps the most deplorable type of abuse, and as the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry explains, child sexual abuse can occur ''within a family, by a parent, a step-parent, a sibling or some other relative (''Child Sexual Abuse,'' 2008, Internet). In addition, abuse can occur outside of the family and often involves a neighbor, a friend, a childcare individual, a teacher, or even a stranger (''Child Sexual Abuse,'' 2008, Internet), and once sexually abused, a child often develops a range of thoughts, distressing feelings, and behaviors (''Child Sexual Abuse,'' 2008, Internet) which can affect the child for the remainder of his/her lifetime.
"As the most under-reported form of child maltreatment, sexual abuse is an ever-increasing problem. According to the Federal Bureau of Investigation, only 1% to 10% of child sexual abuse incidences are ever reported, and in a study conducted by the Department of Health and Human Services (1986 to 1993), cases of child sexual abuse and neglect almost doubled, with numbers ranging between 1.4 million and 2.8 million cases (''Darkness to Light,'' 2008, Internet)."

Tags:child, sexual, abuse, social, workers, healthcare

Abstract
This paper defines childhood sexual abuse, delves into its psychological frameworks and discusses how childhood sexual abuse can affect development. It examines several factors that have skewed the social view of child sexual abuse including the focus on gender, retrospective accounts of child sexual abuse and a lack of focus on child sexual abuse education and prevention. The paper asserts that society's misconceptions must be addressed before progress child sexual abuse can be effectively treated and prevented.

From the Paper
"Childhood sexual trauma and sexual violence cuts across all lines of gender, national origin, language, religion, age, ethnicity, disability, and sexual orientation. In fact, according to the latest U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) 2000 Child Abuse and Neglect National Statistics Study that is conducted through the Administration for Children and Families National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System (NCANDS) there has been a small one-year increase in confirmed reports of child maltreatment."

Tags:Childhood Sexual Abuse, Sexual Trauma, Development

Abstract
The paper explains how child sexual abuse is difficult to define in a clinical setting and it is not known how widely the crime occurs or how many children overall are affected. Repercussions of sexual violation of children are extremely varied in terms of impact and severity. Children who have been abused manifest symptomatic conditions that range from aggression towards peers to emotional disorders. The paper discusses how recovery from sexual abuse can be a long term process for the child and can take years or decades to accomplish even when no physical damage has occurred.

From the Paper
"Child sexual abuse occurs when two or more persons participate in an act that can be described as sexual in nature and at least one of the persons is under the age of eighteen. Haugaard (2000) finds that it is extremely difficult to place an authoritative definition on child sexual abuse as many persons attach different expectations to this concept, wherein "there is no consensus about the definition of any of the words within the context of the term child sexual abuse" (p. 1037). This paper shall attempt to help clarify both the term itself and the repercussions that result from child sexual abuse. Definition of Child Sexual Abuse: The term "child sexual abuse" is ambiguous and this hampers directing research efforts to help reduce or eliminate this practice."

Tags:child, abuse, impact

Abstract
This paper discusses the most extreme form of child sexual abuse, child prostitution. The author provides statistics on child prostitutes in various countries around the world and discusses the possible reasons that might result in a child turning to prostitution. The paper sees child prostitution as part of a larger social problem, which is the inability to take care of and provide for children. The author also discusses problems and hardships such as the spread of diseases and physical abuse faced by children in this trade.

From the Paper
"Child sexual abuse is a serious concern, but most people who think about it think only of parents or relatively molesting children, or a child being kidnapped and molested here in the United States. These are terrible things to have happen to children, but there are worse problems, and one of them is an extreme form of child abuse - child prostitution. While child prostitution is not something Americans hear about very often, it is a crime, a tragedy, and a serious problem; especially in other countries that do not have the same beliefs that most Americans do. Child prostitution can involve anyone under the age of 18, but most child prostitutes are much younger. Some are as young as 7 and 8 years old."

Tags:sexual exploitation, venereal diseases, brothels crime AIDS

Abstract
This paper explains that child sexual abuse, which occurs across all ethnic, racial, socioeconomic, and religious groups, poses a significant public health problem to U.S. society. The author points out that the direct costs to society include hospitalization, chronic health problems and law enforcement. The author also points out that the indirect costs are problems such as juvenile delinquency, special education needs and criminal behavior, which are much more common among childhood victims of abuse. The paper relates that children who have been abused sexually and adult survivors of child sexual abuse often suffer a range of psychological and behavioral problems in both the short and long term. The paper includes a table showing types of child sexual abuse.

Table of Contents:
Introduction
Methodology
Findings
Impact of Child Sexual Abuse on Individuals
Impact of Child Sexual Abuse on Society
Undisclosed Abuse: Hidden Implications
Conclusions and Discussion

From the Paper
"Research shows that male victims are less likely to report the abuse, more likely to blame themselves for the abuse, and more likely to act out aggressively in response to it (Overstolz, 2001). Like female victims, male victims feel guilt and self-blame, low self-esteem and self-image, problems with intimacy, sexual dysfunction, substance abuse and depression and symptoms of post-traumatic stress syndrome. Many male victims try hard to "prove" their masculinity by having multiple female sex partners; sexually, physically or verbally victimizing others; or displaying dangerous or violent behaviors. They may have negative feelings about their own sexuality, confusion over gender and sexual identity, and may experience feelings of inadequacy. They may also have a sense of lost power, control and confidence in their manhood."

Tags:re-victimization, self-image, self-blame, inter-family, hyper-reactivity

Abstract
The paper begins by defining child sexual abuse and looking at the impact of sexual abuse on children. The paper explores the interventions that are often utilized to assist people who have been sexually abused, including art therapy, play therapy, cognitive-behavioral therapy and pharmacologic therapy, and offers a comparison and contrast of these therapies. The paper concludes that cognitive-behavioral therapy seems to be the most beneficial type of intervention, however, in some cases, the use of multiple interventions will be necessary.

Outline:
Introduction
Defining Child Sexual Abuse
Prevalence of Child Sexual Abuse
The Impact of Sexual Abuse
Interventions for Victims
Comparisons and Contrast of Interventions
Contrasts
The Best Intervention
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Art therapy can be used for the purposes of storytelling, short-term trauma resolution, in play therapy and forensic investigations (Liebmann, 2003). In addition art therapy is most often utilized with people who are dealing with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, sexual abuse, Autism, medical art therapy, adolescent depression, eating disorders, bereavement, severe mental illness, addictions and many other situations (Liebmann, 2003). Art therapy is a unique way that children can express their thoughts and feeling and disclose some of trauma that was experienced as a result of their abuse.
"As a result of having a limited vocabulary and an inability to articulate what has happened to them, it is often hard for children to discuss the details of their abuse. Art therapy gives an outlet, and meets the children on their level. Rankin (2003) affirmed that the purpose of art therapy is to address the major affects of trauma on the child's life. Additionally, Rankin (2003) stated that art interventions begin with self management, then proceed with safety planning, telling the trauma story, grieving traumatic losses, self concept and world view revision and finally ends with self and relational development. Treatment progress and outcomes will vary from patient to patient, as therapy is an individualized process."

Tags:trauma, stress, art, play, cognitive-behavioral, therapy, medication

Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that child sexual abuse results in numerous long-term effects on the victim's later functioning and those later effects are demonstrated in low self-esteem and maladaptive behavior. The writer maintains that sexuality cannot be regarded as confined to the genitals or reproductive process, but rather must be understood as one component of the personality which impacts on personal identity and self-esteem. The writer points out that child sexual abuse cannot be approached merely as an issue of sexuality nor as an isolated event. It is trauma which affects the child's view of the world and, without effective therapy, will affect the individual for the duration of his life. The outcome of sexual abuse has a wide range and is also subject to wide variation from psychiatric problems to suicide. The writer concludes that whatever form the actual abuse might take, it is always a traumatic event that has the potential to alter the child's development, and is approached as such by therapy.

From the Paper
"The victim is transformed in a negative way as a consequence of child sexual abuse. Until such an event occurs, the person normally has a sense of invulnerability or the idea that bad things cannot happen for them. After the traumatic event, however, the same individual as a consequence of having that illusion shattered will then expect victimization to reoccur. According to Gorran, the experience of sexual abuse inevitably leads to a pronounced inability to trust, which leads into later problems with interpersonal relationships which are associated with the same underlying mistrust that persists over the life span. A second effect of child sexual abuse is that it destroys the idea of a meaningful, stable, and predictable world. Prior to the event, the older child has a view of the world that some other person can be victimized but not herself or himself. It is when the victim is acquainted with the perpetrator of the sexual abuse that the world will no longer make sense and cannot be meaningful for the victim; this is also the defining feature of the whole psychological impact of traumatic stress disorder. Trauma can include the victim's conviction that there is something deeply wrong with herself or himself, and especially that in some way they have instigated the assault."

Tags:traumatic, experiences, victim, distress

Abstract
This paper advises that the best way to protect children from sexual abuse and to inform them of its dangers is by installing child sexual abuse prevention programs in elementary schools. The paper claims that, while the topic of child sexual abuse is a disturbing one, children should still be made aware of its dangers and that the best way for them to attain this awareness is through school programs.

From the Paper
"I have always been fascinated with the mind and the nature of man. One of the reasons my major is education is this interest. Education and children are subjects which should never be taken lightly, as our children are our next generation, our future innovators. The world, nevertheless, is filled with people who take away the innocence of children, and as a result endanger their future well-being. Therefore, I am particularly concerned with child sexual abuse, and what we can do as a society to inform our children on this subject. One of the best places to begin teaching this awareness is in school, the place where children spend the majority of their childhood outside their homes. Because we owe it to children to protect their well-being, the creation of abuse-prevention programs throughout all schools at the elementary level is necessary. All children need to be made aware of the potential threat of sexual abuse and what it constitutes; through this way they will speak up if they are victims of this abuse or suspect something."

Tags:genital, exposure, adult, masturbation, fondling, copulation, finger, penetration, foreign, object

Abstract
The paper explains that the sexual nature of child abuse can be termed into three areas: non-physical or non-contact, physical and violent. After providing a historical overview of child sexual abuse (CSA), the paper examines the factors preventing and promoting its occurrence and indicators to look out for. Ethical considerations are discussed as well as intervention and treatment options and prevention efforts.

From the Paper
"Child sexual abuse (CSA) is one form of child maltreatment that may indeed be the most devastating, and may occur in the context of other forms of child maltreatment such as physical abuse, emotional abuse, and neglect. CSA has various definitions depending on the context it is being defined for and the society or community it is being defined in. Generally speaking however, CSA involves: "contact or interaction between a child and an adult when the child is being used for the sexual stimulation of the perpetrator or another person. Sexual abuse may also be committed by a person under the age of 18 when that person is significantly older than the victim or when the perpetrator is in a position of power or control over another child" (Wurtele & Miller-Perrin, 1992, p. 5). The above definition applies to extrafamilial CSA (occurs outside the family, usually by acquaintances, but sometimes by strangers) as well as intrafamilial CSA (occurs within the family or incest)."

Tags:incest, sodomy, molesting, Freud, feminist, CAPIT, trauma

Abstract
This paper analyzes American studies of child sexual abuse (CSA) in relation to later presentations of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD.) The paper offers a discussion of methods, sample groups and variables in relation to the assumption and includes a critical note on PTSD as unproven. The paper quotes the diagnosis referred to in each study as a verifiable condition if not a disease. The paper has a critical conclusion and a varied bibliography.

From the Paper
"A meta-analytical paper discussing mainly North American studies of child sexual abuse (CSA) in relation to Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), noting study design and findings, in contrast with non-abused subjects and persons of other psychopathology. Subjects are discussed by age group, race and sometimes, ethnicity, social class or education, but without reference to trans-cultural psychology or significant neuropsychology, or familial biological knowledge of mental disorder. Studies adhered to the model of PTSD without mention of its imperfections, as a psychiatric diagnosis, in keeping with more theory-driven approaches of American psychology."

Tags:childsexualabuse, ptsd, variedstudies