Abstract The paper explains how childsexualabuse is difficult to define in a clinical setting and it is not known how widely the crime occurs or how many children overall are affected. Repercussions of sexual violation of children are extremely varied in terms of impact and severity. Children who have been abused manifest symptomatic conditions that range from aggression towards peers to emotional disorders. The paper discusses how recovery from sexualabuse can be a long term process for the child and can take years or decades to accomplish even when no physical damage has occurred.
From the Paper "Child sexual abuse occurs when two or more persons participate in an act that can be described as sexual in nature and at least one of the persons is under the age of eighteen. Haugaard (2000) finds that it is extremely difficult to place an authoritative definition on child sexual abuse as many persons attach different expectations to this concept, wherein "there is no consensus about the definition of any of the words within the context of the term child sexual abuse" (p. 1037). This paper shall attempt to help clarify both the term itself and the repercussions that result from child sexual abuse. Definition of Child Sexual Abuse: The term "child sexual abuse" is ambiguous and this hampers directing research efforts to help reduce or eliminate this practice."
Abstract This paper discusses the most extreme form of childsexualabuse, child prostitution. The author provides statistics on child prostitutes in various countries around the world and discusses the possible reasons that might result in a child turning to prostitution. The paper sees child prostitution as part of a larger social problem, which is the inability to take care of and provide for children. The author also discusses problems and hardships such as the spread of diseases and physical abuse faced by children in this trade.
From the Paper "Child sexual abuse is a serious concern, but most people who think about it think only of parents or relatively molesting children, or a child being kidnapped and molested here in the United States. These are terrible things to have happen to children, but there are worse problems, and one of them is an extreme form of child abuse - child prostitution. While child prostitution is not something Americans hear about very often, it is a crime, a tragedy, and a serious problem; especially in other countries that do not have the same beliefs that most Americans do. Child prostitution can involve anyone under the age of 18, but most child prostitutes are much younger. Some are as young as 7 and 8 years old."
Tags:sexual exploitation, venereal diseases, brothels crime AIDS
Abstract This paper explore approaches used by child services and social services' regarding childabuse and sexualabuse. Suggestions for new approaches are included.
Abstract This paper explains that childsexualabuse, which occurs across all ethnic, racial, socioeconomic, and religious groups, poses a significant public health problem to U.S. society. The author points out that the direct costs to society include hospitalization, chronic health problems and law enforcement. The author also points out that the indirect costs are problems such as juvenile delinquency, special education needs and criminal behavior, which are much more common among childhood victims of abuse. The paper relates that children who have been abusedsexually and adult survivors of childsexualabuse often suffer a range of psychological and behavioral problems in both the short and long term. The paper includes a table showing types of childsexualabuse.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Methodology
Findings
Impact of ChildSexualAbuse on Individuals
Impact of ChildSexualAbuse on Society
Undisclosed Abuse: Hidden Implications
Conclusions and Discussion
From the Paper "Research shows that male victims are less likely to report the abuse, more likely to blame themselves for the abuse, and more likely to act out aggressively in response to it (Overstolz, 2001). Like female victims, male victims feel guilt and self-blame, low self-esteem and self-image, problems with intimacy, sexual dysfunction, substance abuse and depression and symptoms of post-traumatic stress syndrome. Many male victims try hard to "prove" their masculinity by having multiple female sex partners; sexually, physically or verbally victimizing others; or displaying dangerous or violent behaviors. They may have negative feelings about their own sexuality, confusion over gender and sexual identity, and may experience feelings of inadequacy. They may also have a sense of lost power, control and confidence in their manhood."
Abstract In this article, the writer notes that childsexualabuse results in numerous long-term effects on the victim's later functioning and those later effects are demonstrated in low self-esteem and maladaptive behavior. The writer maintains that sexuality cannot be regarded as confined to the genitals or reproductive process, but rather must be understood as one component of the personality which impacts on personal identity and self-esteem. The writer points out that childsexualabuse cannot be approached merely as an issue of sexuality nor as an isolated event. It is trauma which affects the child's view of the world and, without effective therapy, will affect the individual for the duration of his life. The outcome of sexualabuse has a wide range and is also subject to wide variation from psychiatric problems to suicide. The writer concludes that whatever form the actual abuse might take, it is always a traumatic event that has the potential to alter the child's development, and is approached as such by therapy.
From the Paper "The victim is transformed in a negative way as a consequence of child sexual abuse. Until such an event occurs, the person normally has a sense of invulnerability or the idea that bad things cannot happen for them. After the traumatic event, however, the same individual as a consequence of having that illusion shattered will then expect victimization to reoccur. According to Gorran, the experience of sexual abuse inevitably leads to a pronounced inability to trust, which leads into later problems with interpersonal relationships which are associated with the same underlying mistrust that persists over the life span. A second effect of child sexual abuse is that it destroys the idea of a meaningful, stable, and predictable world. Prior to the event, the older child has a view of the world that some other person can be victimized but not herself or himself. It is when the victim is acquainted with the perpetrator of the sexual abuse that the world will no longer make sense and cannot be meaningful for the victim; this is also the defining feature of the whole psychological impact of traumatic stress disorder. Trauma can include the victim's conviction that there is something deeply wrong with herself or himself, and especially that in some way they have instigated the assault."
Abstract The paper states that the topic of recovered memories and false memories with respect to childhood sexualabuse is closely connected to memory issues of amnesia and delayed recall. The paper comments that although it is impossible to determine exactly how common amnesia and delayed recall are in cases of childsexualabuse, research does indicate that both phenomena occur with respect to childsexualabuse. The paper suggests that one explanation for why it does not occur, may be related to the types of abuse experience, in that repeated abuse may be more likely to cause amnesia or delayed recall.
Outline:
Introduction
Research concerning childsexualabuse and amnesia
Disagreement of the literature
Amnesia
Delayed Recall
Prevalence
- problems with determining prevalence
Suggested Explanations
- Type of Trauma
Conclusion
From the Paper "The literature is also somewhat convoluted on the subject, as some researchers find traumatic events are encoded in more detail than non traumatic events, while others find that traumatic events are forgotten altogether. Such is the case when amnesia occurs. Amnesia refers to a loss of memory, most often of declarative memory as opposed to procedural memory (how to tie your shoe laces) (Colman, 2003). Although vivid intrusions of traumatic images and sensations are some of the most dramatic expressions of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), a disorder commonly associated with childhood sexual abuse, the loss of recollections for traumatic experiences is also well documented. Research suggests that for some victims of trauma, having no recall of the abuse is based on more than just ordinary forgetting associated with the passage of time, their young age at the time of trauma, or lack of salience of the traumatic event"
Abstract This paper discusses the incidence, prevalence and effects of childsexualabuse, including statistical data on child victimization rates. The paper focuses on PTSD (Post Traumatic Stress Disorder) as an effect of sexualabuse. The paper presents a number of cognitive-behavioral social work interventions and treatment for sexuallyabused adolescents suffering from PTSD. The paper concludes with a comparison between the benefits of individualized versus group therapy.
Abstract This paper advises that the best way to protect children from sexualabuse and to inform them of its dangers is by installing childsexualabuse prevention programs in elementary schools. The paper claims that, while the topic of childsexualabuse is a disturbing one, children should still be made aware of its dangers and that the best way for them to attain this awareness is through school programs.
From the Paper "I have always been fascinated with the mind and the nature of man. One of the reasons my major is education is this interest. Education and children are subjects which should never be taken lightly, as our children are our next generation, our future innovators. The world, nevertheless, is filled with people who take away the innocence of children, and as a result endanger their future well-being. Therefore, I am particularly concerned with child sexual abuse, and what we can do as a society to inform our children on this subject. One of the best places to begin teaching this awareness is in school, the place where children spend the majority of their childhood outside their homes. Because we owe it to children to protect their well-being, the creation of abuse-prevention programs throughout all schools at the elementary level is necessary. All children need to be made aware of the potential threat of sexual abuse and what it constitutes; through this way they will speak up if they are victims of this abuse or suspect something."
Abstract This work discusses the subject of childsexualabuse (CSA) and serves as a review of literature, specifically one particular piece that deals with childsexualabuse. The literature is a contemporary research article involving the reporting of CSA and work ability and functioning as an adult. The work will briefly introduce the concepts of CSA and its controversies and commonalities and will then move on to review S. J. Lee and R.M. Tolman's 2006 article "Childhood SexualAbuse and Adult Work Outcomes".
From the Paper "The development of tougher laws and responsibilities regarding the incidence of child sexual abuse has often been associated with an evolution in the ideas of the potential and real long term effects of child sexual abuse on victim survivors. (Najman, Dunne, Purdie, Boyle & Coxeter, 2005, p. 517) For many years there has been a research movement that attempted to demonstrate long lasting negative effects of CSA among adult survivors of CSA, to both underscore and under gird the need for tougher laws, greater enforcement and increased responsibility for reporting among professionals. In general the law has begun to demonstrate a zero tolerance policy regarding CSA and has increased and leveled out the sentencing of convicted offenders, through minimum mandatory sentencing. (Cassell, 2004, p. 1017) Changes in public opinion regarding CSA have had a significant impact on incidence reporting which in all accords has increased, creating a sense that incidence has increased substantially in the last 30 or so years. The claim that CSA has increased in incidence is therefore an unknown element of modern life, as we do not know if it has increased, decreased or leveled out at a norm, as reporting has spiked incidence to relatively epidemic like levels. (Bolen, 2003, p. 174) What we do know is that reports are increasing in number and that CSA occurs and it occurs frequently."
Abstract The paper explains that the sexual nature of childabuse can be termed into three areas: non-physical or non-contact, physical and violent. After providing a historical overview of childsexualabuse (CSA), the paper examines the factors preventing and promoting its occurance and indicators to look out for. Ethical considerations are discussed as well as intervention and treatment options and prevention efforts.
From the Paper "Child sexual abuse (CSA) is one form of child maltreatment that may indeed be the most devastating, and may occur in the context of other forms of child maltreatment such as physical abuse, emotional abuse, and neglect. CSA has various definitions depending on the context it is being defined for and the society or community it is being defined in. Generally speaking however, CSA involves: "contact or interaction between a child and an adult when the child is being used for the sexual stimulation of the perpetrator or another person. Sexual abuse may also be committed by a person under the age of 18 when that person is significantly older than the victim or when the perpetrator is in a position of power or control over another child" (Wurtele & Miller-Perrin, 1992, p. 5). The above definition applies to extrafamilial CSA (occurs outside the family, usually by acquaintances, but sometimes by strangers) as well as intrafamilial CSA (occurs within the family or incest)."
Abstract This paper presents an examination of a theory that the gender of the perpetrator has a different impact on male and female police officers' perceptions of childsexualabuse. According to the paper, a recent study provided evidence and validity to this theory that police officers, both male and female, view the seriousness of childsexualabuse differently depending on the gender of the perpetrator.
Outline:
Introduction
The Study
Conclusion
From the Paper "The study set out to examine the attitude differences in female and male police officers when it came to investigating child sexual abuse. The study wanted to explore whether men and women officers felt differently about the seriousness of the crime depending on the gender of the person accused of doing it."
"Researchers chose 361 police officers in Australia to be participants in the study. The study used a self reporting questionnaire for the purpose of ascertaining the attitudes of those officers when it came to investigating male and female suspects in child sexual abuse cases(Tyson, 2004). "
Abstract This paper discusses the effects of repressed memories of childsexualabuse. The paper first examines the link between trauma and repressed memories. The paper then comments on the false memory debate. The rest of the paper is dedicated to a discussion of the lifetime effects of childhood sexualabuse, such as experiencing dissociative disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder.
Abstract This paper analyzes American studies of childsexualabuse (CSA) in relation to later presentations of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD.) The paper offers a discussion of methods, sample groups and variables in relation to the assumption and includes a critical note on PTSD as unproven. The paper quotes the diagnosis referred to in each study as a verifiable condition if not a disease. The paper has a critical conclusion and a varied bibliography.
From the Paper "A meta-analytical paper discussing mainly North American studies of child sexual abuse (CSA) in relation to Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), noting study design and findings, in contrast with non-abused subjects and persons of other psychopathology. Subjects are discussed by age group, race and sometimes, ethnicity, social class or education, but without reference to trans-cultural psychology or significant neuropsychology, or familial biological knowledge of mental disorder. Studies adhered to the model of PTSD without mention of its imperfections, as a psychiatric diagnosis, in keeping with more theory-driven approaches of American psychology."
Abstract This paper looks at the increased reports of sexualabuse within the Catholic Church. The writer points out that only recently has the Church needed to answer for itself and take a stand due to the high level of reported cases. An examination of the Church's response is given which follows criticism of their reaction.
From the Paper "The Catholic Church has been rocked recently by allegations of sexual abuses"especially against children. The problem is not isolated but all pervading. The cases of child, sexual abuses are about the same percentage as the general population. Most of the cases are not, in the strictest sense pedophilic"sex with pre-pubescent children, but ephebophilia?abuse of adolescent children. In a comprehensive study of 2,252 priests for 30 years, only one case of pedophilia was found. It involved a priest with two six year-old nieces. Between 5 and 10 percent of priests were pederasts (ephebophiles). (Jenkins, 1996)"
Abstract This paper investigates how the sexualabuse of children has an effect on at-risk youth behavior. The paper explains the relationship between being sexuallyabused as a child and youth behavior and then takes a look at how this problem is being addressed by the family, school, social service agencies and/or the government. The paper also focuses on ways to assist children, who have been sexuallyabused, avoid at-risk behaviors.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
The SexualAbuse Of Children And Its Impacts
How SexualAbuse Of Children Has An Affect On At-Risk Youth Behavior
How This Problem Is Being Addressed
Solutions To Assist Children Who Have Been SexuallyAbused
From the Paper "Lastly this particular research also found that depression did not necessarily explain the correlation between child sexual abuse and high risk sexual behaviors. This finding is actually consistent with previous research which has evaluated the interaction effects of emotional status and sexual abuse as it related to high risk sexual behaviors. The study found there were no interaction effects of depression on the correlation between child sexual abuse and sexuality variables such as the amount of unwanted pregnancies (Addy et al 2003). On the other hand, girls with high anxiety scores who also had experienced child sexual abuse had the most significant number of unwanted pregnancies (Addy et al 2003). In addition, Morrill, Kasten, Urato, and Larson (2001) discovered that depression and problems with drug and alcohol addiction did not serve as a link between sexual abuse and sexual risk in a sample of both women and men in substance abuse facilities in Massachusetts (Addy et al 2003). Overall such findings propose that the affects of child sexual abuse impact sexual behaviors through a social learning process (Addy et al 2003). That is this process is developed as a result of modeling and reinforcement as opposed to indirect contributory factors such as depression (Addy et al 2003)."
