Abstract This article looks at four psychology papers. The writer discusses two papers on the subject of treatments for insomnia and two papers regarding childpsychology. The writer looks at the matter of child stress coping and parental emotions. In this article, the writer also discusses the effect of parental support in childhood on health in adulthood.
From the Paper "The study by Shaw Krause Chatters Connell and Ingersoll-Dayton looked at the relationship between emotional support from parents in early life and its effects on physical and mental health throughout life and into old age. Previous studies have shown a correlation between a lack of parental support in childhood and psychological problems in later life, but few have looked at the effects of parental support on physical health. This study looked at the effects of parental support on adults from age through years. It found ... "
Abstract This paper outlines the debate of nature vs. nurture, discusses the developmental milestones that assess a child's physical, social, mental and cognitive developments and looks at the importance of the environment with a child's development. The paper also examines how Jean Piaget explains the development of children's cognitive abilities and how Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory explains gender identity. The writer relates that these concepts of childpsychology have given him the knowledge to appropriately and effectively contribute to a child's progress. The writer points out, however, that these concepts serve as mere guidelines and not strict predictions on what to expect from children as they grow older.
From the Paper "The development of human behavior begins as soon as a child is born into this world. The way he looks at his environment as sound and color surround him, the way he regards his mother, or how he cries or laughs over a stimulus gives us a clue of what he will be like once he communicates through words. Child psychology is the study of a child's cognitive, emotional, and social development of children from infancy up to puberty. It also associates how children learn to communicate at different stages of physical development. Taking this course was an opportunity for me to learn about how children's minds and bodies develop."
Tags: nature, nurture, cognition, milestones, gender, psychoanalytic, theory
Abstract This paper will focus on the day-to-day process of what a child psychologist has to go through during the course of a professional working day and some of the methods that are used according to the principles that were taught. Some of the options of being a child psychologist will be used to reflect what professional options are available at colleges and other institutions that can teach childpsychology. By making a well-rounded view of the options available and by placing an interest in this field, a clear notion of what it takes to accomplish this can be found.
Abstract This junior- level paper describes what autism is and how it affects the childpsychologically from infancy up until it is 5 to 6 years of age.
Abstract This paper examines the book "A Child Called It" which chronicles the unforgettable account of one of the most severe child abuse cases in the history of California. It is the story of Dave Pelzer, who was brutally beaten and starved by his emotionally unstable, alcoholic mother: a mother who played tortuous, unpredictable, as he would call it, 'games' that left him nearly dead. It looks at how he had to learn how to play his mother's games in order to survive, because she no longer considered him a son, but a slave and no longer a boy, but an "it."
From the Paper "To take a small look at what David had to endure he had an old army cot in the basement to look forward to when he slept. His clothes were torn and raunchy. When his mother allowed him the luxury of food, it was nothing more than spoiled scraps that even the dogs refused to eat. He describes how his mother would starve him, often for days on end or would give him just two minutes to eat his brothers' leftovers. The outside world knew nothing of his living nightmare, except for a few suspicious people who did not do much about it. He had nothing and no one to turn to, but his dreams kept him alive. He would often dream of someone taking care of him, loving him and calling him their son, appreciating his existence."
Abstract This paper examines the psychological implications of child abuse. It attempts to explain the problem of child abuse, identify factors that generate child abuse and explore the effects of child abuse on development. The paper reports that the United States Department of Health and Human Services contends that a variety of signs may be evident in a child that lives in an abusive environment. For the educator key signs of abuse may include injuries that are reported to the parent but that are left untreated for no apparent reason (Recognizing sec. 2). The child might display a sudden lack of interest in school coupled with the inability to complete assignments or provide homework in a customary fashion.
From the Paper "Child abuse has many terrible implications on a child's development. Several explanations of human development have been given through history to understand human behavior. Inside these diverse development concepts, psychology plays an outstanding part. These explanations recognize and explain the processes by which human beings, from a biological base, will undertake a road that will be good for them to reach maturity. Specific Objectives: * To explain the problem of child abuse * To identify the factors that generate child abuse. * To explore the effects of child abuse on development. A child needs to interact with his environment and in this way to establish a good quality of life, that is to say, the necessary conditions so the human being can reach a state that allows him to mature and adapt in a natural way and in reciprocity with his environment. For that reason when the conditions of the quality of..."
Abstract This paper discusses how our knowledge of developmental psychology helps us to understand the processes through which children pass side- by-side with the various experiences they encounter as they grow and develop. By looking at the different stages, it examines how such systematic moulding of human behaviours help to make our society better and the societal environment a better place for us to live.
Outline
Abstract
The Beginning of Human Life and Development
Pre - Natal Development
Hazards of Pregnancy
Delivery Hazards of Women
Components of Human Development
Principles of Human Development
Heredity and Environment
The Concept of Environmental Stimulation
Child Language Development
The Cognitive Development of the Child Moral Development of the Child Physical Development of the Child Psychological and Maturational Theories of Human Growth and Development
Critical Appraisal of Piagetian Theory of Human Growth and Development
Erik Erikson's Psychological Development
From the Paper "Sperms and egg cells have the ability to combine in a process different from that of other cells. When the sperms and egg cells combine, they are referred to as germ cells. They are called germ cells because they look like germinating seeds. For germ cells to be able to produce a new human organism or being, they must pass through a developmental process called maturation. Before maturation of the egg cells takes place, each sperm and egg contain normally, 23 pairs of chromosomes. The fusion of one sperm and one egg will produce a cell - the egg cell. This germ cell begins to develop and in the process experiences a kind of cell division called meiosis which means reduction division. This is because in the process of cell division, the number of chromosomes is reduced. In the case of case of mitosis, the cell division involves increase in and multiplication of cells."
Abstract This paper discusses child abuse and statistics regarding this phenomenon. Some historical perspective is given to explain the roots of child abuse. The author devotes attention to psychological damage inflicted upon children.
From the Paper "Each day that we sit here blinded by our own reality three children die in the hands of abusers (Parents facing up to child abuse 1). The general definition of child abuse is nonaccidental injuries as a result of physical assault or the failure to protect the children by their caretakers (Wolfe 15). It's common knowledge that child abuse is the nations number one killer of children under the age of five. In 1998, about 900,000 children in the United States were confirmed to have been abused. In 1999, the state of Texas had 39,488 confirmed victims (Parents facing up to child abuse 1)."
Abstract This paper discusses the correlation between alcoholism or drug use, and child abuse. The author highlights the physiological, psychological and emotional harm child abuse causes and raises some ideas for prevention action initiative to tackle the child abuse phenomenon. The author concludes that prevention education, support services and self-help groups are necessary for child abuse prevention.
From the Paper "Research indicates that there are some disturbing parallels between the children of alcoholics and drug addicts and victims of maltreatment. According to an article on childabuse.com, 40% of reported child maltreatment cases involve the use of alcohol or other drugs. ?This suggests that of the 1.2 million confirmed victims of child maltreatment, an estimated 480,000 children are mistreated each year by a caretaker with alcohol or other drug problems.? (childabuse.com) Consequences of both substance abuse and child abuse may include physical stress, psychological stress, and disruption if normal behavioral development. For instance, both victims of maltreatment and children of alcoholics/ habitual drug users, feel guilty and responsible for their parent's problem. Both groups of children often have self-esteem issues, fear of failure, and suffer from clinical depression and anxiety. In addition, these emotional effects predicate other behaviors in adolescence and adulthood such as criminal behavior, delinquency, and other deviant behavior. Even though there has not been a great deal of evidence to substantiate this hypothesis, it is thought that exposure to violence in both alcohol abusing and child-maltreating households increases the likelihood that the children will commit and be recipients of acts of violence. (National Institute of Justice, Online)"
This paper examines the various child development theories that have been a prime focus of psychology, psychoanalysis and child care experts for decades.
Abstract This detailed paper explores the myriad of child development theories available. The writer of this paper focuses on the methods of experts such as Erik Erikson, Jean Piaget and Arnold Gessell who were forerunners in their respective lines of child stage development theories. This paper also discusses the many theories that have arisen since social sciences and psychology have become official organized studies. This paper probes past and current theories that have been revered as the new awakening in childhood development and become models for numerous well-intentioned parents as well as those that are met with attacks and refuting studies.
From the Paper "The childhood development theories developed during the last century reside on a continuum that ranges from completely biological influences on one end to social or environmental influences on the other end as the predominant, determining factors. Between the two extremes lie a mixture of theories relying on a combination of factors. The one underlying thread through all of the various theories is that childhood development is an extremely complex and inexact science with an infinite number of variables interacting within each developing child."
The writer of this in-depth paper analyzes the issue of child abuse in America while also delving into the measures being taken to combat this growing trend.
Abstract This well-researched paper details the various forms of child abuse including sexual, physical, verbal and psychological as well as others. This paper delves into the long-term repercussions of child abuse which effects the lives of the victims years after the actual abuse ends. These long-term results are both numerous and varied and include: Depression, low self-esteem, learning difficulties, withdrawal, obsessive compulsive disorders and anxiety amongst others. This paper discusses the role law enforcement agencies play in protecting children from abuse. This writer examines the government's position on this specific issue while delving into the new laws being implemented to protect children. This paper also discusses the growing problem of child abuse in other countries such as India and Australia. The writer contends that while the current laws that demand certain professionals such as social workers, teachers and counselors report suspected cases of child abuse are in fact aiding in combating this problem much more still needs to be done. This paper contains the results of published studies and reports as well as relevant statistics and data pertaining to this particular topic.
From the Paper "Society must respond to the fact that child abuse is still going on in the U.S. and the world today. Many different countries experience their own sting of child abuse in this day in age. In the book called Child abuse: A global view by Schwartz-Kenny, McCauley & Epstein experts from sixteen different countries are interviewed to discuss how the issues of child abuse and neglect, legal definitions of abuse, the prevalence of abuse, children's role in the legal system, and penalties for abusing a child. For example, Australia now recognizes that child abuse and neglect are more common that previously acknowledged. There has also been a growing realization that such abusive treatment endangers the physical, social, intellectual, and emotional development of affected children, and that corrective action is urgently required to minimize the long-term effects of abuse. Child abuse frequently goes unreported in Australia; therefore, there is a lack of data; however, a National Child Protection Council was introduced in 1993 by the National Child Protection Council."
Abstract This paper is about the effects of child abuse and discusses various aspects in detail, as well as discussing possible causes. The author looks at how society needs to focus on warning signs, the behavior of abused children, and the special attention that mistreated children need. The paper pays close attention to social, psychological, and physical disorders that affect abused children.
From the Paper "Children from the ages of twelve to seventeen years of age experience more than twice the violent crime as adults in America . Horrifying cases of abuse and neglect have flooded the media, which have caused great concern by public interest groups and politicians. The greatest concerns most have are the effects these terrible crimes have on our youth. David Finkelhor, a sociologist at the University of New Hampshire , believes that we know too little about child abuse and what damage it may cause. He contends that if we better understood the effects of child victimization, we would be more able to identify and prevent it."
Abstract This paper offers a broad overview of what has been read in a psychology course focusing upon childhood development. The paper specifically notes the persistent confusion among academics with regard to the phenomenology of childhood psychopathology. It also reviews Bowlby's four phase developmental model in the maturation of the mother-child relationship.
From the Paper "We have been fortunate during the course of our studies this year to have read a number of excellent materials relating to early childhood development. The following paper will summarize what I have read and what I have gleaned from our course readings. Most of all, what I hope the reader will take away from the following pr?is of our course work is a recognition that academics agree on many things in the area of childhood development, however much they may disagree about the particulars. Beyond that, my interpretation of our course material leaves me with the distinct impression that much of what we are is not shaped by our genetic predispositions but by our external environment. While it is wrong to take the view that human children are "blank slates" upon which can be written anything ..."
Abstract This thesis focus looks at the correlation between child abuse and childhood depression among Latino children, in terms of whether child abuse contributes to childhood depression. The thesis focuses on the Latino community that resides in California. This community is made up of first-generation immigrants and their families, who have been born in the United States. The thesis explores what child abuse is, how it can be measured, and also what depression is, the most likely causes for depression, and how depression can be measured. The factors that contribute to all of these conditions within the Latino community are also discussed in terms of what cultural factors are important in determining the levels of these conditions within the community, both internally (i.e., culturally) and externally (i.e., socio-politically). The links between abuse (intrafamilial and inter-racial) and depression are then explored, and conclusions are drawn regarding the factors that contribute to childhood depression in this racial group within the United States.
Introduction
Problem Statement
Significance
Purpose
Latino's in the US: Characteristics and Diagnosed Mental Health Needs
Need for Mental Health Care
High-Need Populations
Availability of Mental Health Services
Access to Mental Health Services
Use of Mental Health Services
Appropriateness and Outcomes of Mental Health Services
Latino's in Society: Welfare and Minority Families
Legislative and Legal Advocacy of Latino Families
The Formalization of Informal Latino Family Supports
Child Abuse
What is Abuse?
Incidence of Child Abuse
Diagnosing Abuse
The Dimension of the Problem
Prevalence Studies
Rate of Child Abuse Increase
Potential Long-Term Effects of Abuse
Depression
Scope of the Problem
Clinical Characteristics
Risk Factors
What is Depression?
Depression in Children
Treatments for Childhood Depression
Latino's and Depression: How is Depression Expressed?
Levels of Depression in the Latino Community
Risk Factors that May Contribute to Clinical Depression
Implications in the Latino Community
Single Parents
Lack of Resources
Discussion
From the Paper "The Latino community has it's own deeply embedded cultural values and beliefs. Obedience is an important element for a family to be considered a good family (una buena familia). For the purpose of this study, the parents may be mother and father, or possible the grandparents, all of which will be addressed as the primary caregiver.
The Latino family defines discipline as a form of corporal punishment; the caretakers themselves may have been abused as children, and therefore consider corporal punishment an acceptable way to hand out discipline. Furthermore, it is difficult to get caretakers to see that when they discipline a child with corporal punishment, they are discharging their own anger on them, in many cases inflicting more pain and injury than was originally intended. The child then feels powerless and confused, and does not have labels for those feelings, and cannot verbalize what is happening to them, physically or emotionally."
Tags: treatment, risk, health, care, psychology, punishment, discipline
