Abstract
The paper discusses Canada's problem with poverty in spite of a generally strong economy and social programs to offer aid to those below a certain economic level. The paper discusses how a focus on child poverty is beneficial for families and contributes to a reduction in poverty and other social problems for the next generations. The paper points out that policies such as reducing taxes that do not address the question of child poverty, might be politically beneficial but are essentially short-sighted.

From the Paper
"The House of Commons in 1989 determined to find a way to eliminate poverty among Canadian children by the year 2000, but this has not been achieved. Instead, it has been shown that some 1.2 million children, or one in six, live in poverty today. A 2006 report shows that the issue is both a national and a provincial problem, with rates of poverty varying from one province to the next because of different public policies on income security and affordable housing. However, the current data shows that "no province has yet reduced poverty to a single digit figure as UNICEF challenged Canada to do" (Campaign 2000 2). Quebec is the only province showing a steady decline in child poverty since 1997, which is attributed "in part to a package of family support benefits implemented in 1997 including
rapid expansion of affordable early learning and child care services, an expanded child benefit and enhanced parental leave" (Campaign 2000 2)."

Tags:income, impoverishment, deprivation, social, problems

Abstract
The paper explains high child poverty in the province of Ontario in relation to causes, statistics and effects, in children often consigned to or rescued by child welfare agencies led by the province's Children's Aid Societies. The paper looks at how government and social science references indicate a stopgap approach to an entrenched problem, and argues that child poverty promises far higher future costs than investing in basic supports for young children in poverty.

From the Paper
"Ontario is the wealthiest industrialized region in Canada that has enjoyed a high economic growth rate for 10 years, yet 1.3 Ontarians live before the poverty line, including 1 in 6 or 478,480 of the province's children. The Canadian welfare state no longer delivers funds and services as reliably as in the past, federal, provincial and municipal levels of government reducing support for an array of helps, faith placed in welfare and mother's allowance supports that cannot serve poor children adequately in the absence of affordable housing, food or other basic needs."

Tags:ontario, child, poverty

Abstract
This paper examines the grave issue concerning child poverty that exists in Canada, as 15.6% of Canadian children are currently living below the poverty line. Within the paper, certain social groups are examined that have a high representation of child poverty. Among these are single mother homes, families whose parents' employment is non-standardized, immigrants, visible minorities, Aboriginals, and children with disabilities. For each of these social groups, there is an explanation of the factors that led the particular group to have a high child poverty percentage.

From the Paper
"1,065,000 children, or nearly one in six of Canada's children remain in poverty. Following five straight years of decline, in 2002, there was a jump in the child poverty rate, recorded as 15.6% (StatsCan). Although the constant decline in the previous years was seen as a positive step and possibly a continuing trend, this notion was quickly discarded once the level jumped in the opposite direction than anticipated. In order to properly understand the issue concerning child poverty, one must examine what social groups are mostly affected by poverty and the reasons and factors that influence a household income level, which determines who lives under the poverty line. Exposing itself to one third of children in Canada for at least one year, child poverty is a grave and serious issue within our nation. Although it is not especially restricted to, child poverty is largely represented among certain social groups, such as those raised by a female sole parent or parents whose employment is non-standardized, immigrants, visible minorities, Aboriginals, and children with disability."

Tags:aboriginals, child, children, classes, disabilities, families, groups, immigrants, kids, minorities, mothers, non, poverty, single, social, societal, standardized, visible, welfare, work

Abstract
This paper explores the issue of childhood poverty in Canada, explaining that poverty is a feature in industrialized nations as in underdeveloped nations, though the degree of poverty is normally much lower in the industrialized world. Canada has a problem with poverty in various guises in spite of a generally strong economy and social programs to offer aid to those below a certain economic level. Poverty still affects many in urban centers, creating a problem that contributes to crime and urban decay. Poverty may also be found in many rural regions, where there are fewer programs to offer assistance and fewer agencies with nearby facilities for the poor. Of particular concern is the number of children in poverty in the country, with a need to provide more assistance to these children so they are not left on the street.

From the Paper
"Poverty is a feature in industrialized nations as in underdeveloped nations, though the degree of poverty is normally much lower in the industrialized world. Canada has a problem with poverty in various guises in spite of a generally strong economy and social programs to offer aid to those below a certain economic level. Poverty still affects many in urban centers, creating a problem that contributes to crime and urban decay. Poverty may also be found in many rural regions, where there are fewer programs to offer assistance and fewer agencies with nearby facilities for the poor. Of particular concern is the number of children in poverty in the country, with a need to provide more assistance to these children so ..."

Tags:youth, disenfranchisment, poor, society

Abstract
The paper discusses how poverty is a global concern that most people associate with Third World countries. The paper explains that consistently the television and news reports discuss the starvation of children in far off lands and compare the horrendous conditions of life for these children to the luxurious amenities that exist for children in developed nations. The paper looks at how news agencies speak of malnourished infants, a lack of housing for toddlers and the inability of youth to maintain good health due to their impoverished life conditions.

Tags:canada, child, poverty

Abstract
The paper explores the Canadian social model in order to understand how it can reach the higher standards of the Nordic nations, namely, the nations of Sweden, Norway, Denmark and Finland. The paper discusses the history of the fight against child poverty in Canada and shows how the Nordic nations and Canada hold different views on what constitutes child poverty. The paper highlights how the two systems differ because of profound differences in social values.

Outline:
Introduction
The Canadian Background to the Fight against Child Poverty
Approaches and Programs: Nordic vs. Canadian
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Child poverty is a major issue as it speaks to the well-being of future generations. Defined narrowly, the problem consists of children living in materially-deprived circumstances. The traditional definition; however, has been expanded by the United Nations and many other groups to include a variety of factors that are believed to relate, in some measure, to general welfare, material, physical, emotional, and mental. According to this measure of child poverty, many economically advanced nations suffer from serious deficiencies in the way in which children are cared for and raised. Canada is no exception to this rule. Despite considerable spending in the areas of financial assistance, education, and health, and the encouragement of positive family and peer relationships, many children suffer considerable poverty when compared to members of the same age cohorts in countries such as the Netherlands and Sweden."

Tags:well-being, funds, resources

Abstract
The paper reveals that poverty is a serious problem not only in faraway, developing countries, but even in Canada. The paper discusses the problems inherent in Canadians "fostering" a far-away child that makes them believe they are doing something about child poverty. The paper maintains that this situation needs to be understood within a global and national context and policies need to be evolved that truly address it. The paper concludes that the critical analysis of policy issues and social problems such as poverty is a crucial part of social work education.

From the Paper
"At almost any time of the day or night, one can find images of starving children on a Canadian television channel. These often horrifying images always depict children in developing countries, and are intended to elicit charitable donations. Often they succeed in this. I once heard an acquaintance proudly announcing that she had just "fostered" a child. By this she meant that she had made a phone call, and henceforth would be donating $22 per month to one of these charities. What an easy way to salve one's conscience - and in future, she can rapidly skip past those channels with a clear conscience. Even those who have not "fostered" a child tend to skip rapidly past those canals, averting their eyes from the fly-infested, emaciated faces with their big blank eyes. On the one hand, this represents how the proliferation of these images has desensitized viewers to poverty. On the other hand, the fact that people can so lightly "foster" a far-away child that one will never see, and by so doing believe they are "doing something" about child poverty, is disturbing on many levels."

Tags:welfare, globalization, developing, countries, foster, children

Abstract
This paper explains that Canada does not provide child care allowing for the full employment of parents and, notably, working mothers who make up a large proportion of adults responsible for maintaining viable households. The author points out that the issues of childcare pertain not only to child poverty but also to matters that indicate the need for a national childcare directive. The paper relates that the 2007 Canadian Universal Child Care Benefit is a step forwards in aiding families with childcare expenses and promoting daycare expansion; however it does not promise practical help for families who are struggling. The author states that more poor Canadian mothers are moving to low income, ghettoized areas, which more often give access to subsidized child care facilities but at a price of exposure to crime and criminality.

Table of Contents:
Introduction
Universality as Policy Defect
Who can Afford Childcare?
Assumptions to do with Mothers
'Working Class Child Care'
Observations of Social Welfare Research
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Critics note that Denmark's policy addresses a small territory and a population below 6 millions yet the model of compulsory facilities seems a fine starting place for what might occur in the Canadian provinces to follow the example of Quebec. In general, one wishes effort was made to explore examples around the world and the costs and benefits of programs encouraging the rise of daycare facilities, programs to make care affordable and all manner of bridges to help unemployed or low income parents to achieve both needed daycare and employment, along with affordable housing, towards a more constructive solution to socioeconomic problems than what is now seen in Canada."

Tags:deductibility, grandparents, breakdown, poverty, entrapment

Abstract
This paper discusses the need for a national subsidized day care program to aid working mothers which will also ensure that entire salaries do not just cover day care expenses. As the number of working mothers increases, the number of available day care positions in Canada dramatically decreases and this impedes on the quality and price of care available. It examines the existing day care options and includes a table comparing child care costs in different regions of the country.

From the Paper
"During the past two decades, it has been quite effective that a national day care program is in high demand for many parents. However, many critics of the program are willing to confidently fight the system. Due to supporters if the traditional family, such as Kids First, a Calgary-based parents group with 5,000 members across the country, the Alberta government reduced monthly subsidies for individual day care expenditures from $256 to $50. Kids First members and supporters claim day care subsidies are prejudiced to stay-at-home parents (Chisholm & Jenish, 1993). Additionally, Kids First initiated a judicial challenge opposing the child care expense deduction of a maximum $4,000 per child (Friendly & Rothman, 1995)."

Tags:government, poverty, supervision, parents, children, financial, assistance

Abstract
All racial and ethnic groups in Canada have many problems which white people never encounter. Blacks have issues of discrimination, violence and poverty. Ethnic groups face the issue of discrimination which results in low salaries. However, no group has such serious problems as Aboriginal peoples, and they also lack the resources to solve the problems. The fact that Native peoples must deal with the worst issues is not accidental but is explained by their visibility as another race that is distinct from all other people in Canada. Problems for Aboriginal people include lack of education, unemployment, alcohol and substance abuse, very high rates of criminal convictions, as well as high rates of child and teen pregnancies (Health Canada, 2007).

From the Paper
Health Care and the Health of Racial and Ethnic Minorities in Canada All racial and ethnic groups in Canada have many problems which white people never encounter. Blacks have issues of discrimination, violence and poverty. Ethnic groups face the issue of discrimination which results in low salaries. However, no group has such serious problems as Aboriginal peoples, and they also lack the resources to solve the problems. The fact that Native peoples must deal with the worst issues is not accidental but is explained by their visibility as another race that is distinct from all other people in Canada. Problems for Aboriginal people include lack of education, unemployment, alcohol and substance abuse, very high rates of

Tags:minorities, racism, equality