Abstract
In this article, the writer examines child centered versus teacher centered instruction. The writer discusses the need for optimal education and optimal education needs for children, and the pros and cons of each instructional style.

From the Paper
"The following presents a debate of the topic of child centered versus teacher-centered instruction with the conclusion that both are needed to ensure optimal education of young students. The need for optimal education for children is introduced and this is followed by a description of child centered and teacher centered instruction. Next the pros and cons of each instructional style are presented within a discussion of the existing support for each the needs of students and the outcomes related to child centered ..."

Tags:instruction, teacher, education, children, students

Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that the question over who should care for children is once again being debated throughout North America, with many advocating that very young children be raised with either their mothers or a close member of the family instead of attending child care centers. The writer discusses research indicating that the poor quality of care given in existing centers throughout the United States is the reason for problems within the classroom, as children who attend these care centers are believed to have both development and social problems. The writer concludes that the important point of the debate over child care should be how to ensure quality care for children whose parents have to work, or have chosen to work, through understanding and enabling effective and positive child development and growth within center-based childcare.

Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
An Overview of Child Care in the United States
Contemporary Childcare in the United States
Towards an Effective Child Care System
Conclusion

From the Paper
"The changes in society over the past few decades have completely transformed the contemporary world, mainly through the consequences of warfare and the recent advancements in technology, which has also changed the lives of women. Accounting for almost half of the nation's workforce, a vast majority of them either are already mothers or will be, which means that something needs to be done about the childcare situation in America. Although center-based childcare is not, perhaps, the ideal situation for mothers and their children, most parents have little choice."

Tags:childcare, education, pre-school, nursery

Abstract
The writer looks at the Valley Interfaith Child Care Center's caregivers, the teacher and child initiated activities, the health and safety of the center, the parental involvement and child assessments. The writer describes the ways the center provides quality child care and looks at the caregivers' styles of quality child care. Finally, this writer outlines what he liked the best and the least about the center and offers suggestions for improvement.

Outline:
Program Basics
Caregivers
Activities
Health and Safety
Special Needs and ESL
Parent Involvement & Child Assessment
The Center and Quality Child Care
The Caregivers and Quality Child Care
The Best and the Least
Suggestions for Improvement

From the Paper
"The program name was Valley Interfaith Child Care Center, located at 948 Heather Drive, Blacksburg, Virginia. The center's hours of operation are 7:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m.. Tuition for Valley Interfaith Child Care Center is $145.00 per week ($623.50 per month) for full-time child care. This includes children from the age of infant up to those turning 5 after September 30th. For those who are 5 years old by September 30th, these children transition to kindergarten or another program. There is also a one-time $50 registration fee. It includes the summer activity fee. However, there are no reduction in fees for missed days, vacation time, or center observed closings, vacations or holidays ("Tuition, 2008). Valley Interfaith Child Care Center is a 501(c)(3) not for profit organization and is licensed by the state of Virginia. Valley Interfaith Child Care Center models its programs after the High Scope approach. Their active learning and hands-on experiences engage the children with the world around them, allowing them to make choices and decisions from an early age ("Valley", n.d.)."

Tags:caregivers, child, care, parents

Abstract
The field of interest that prompted this research is the child care industry. The writer discusses that in Charlotte, North Carolina there are a number of facilities that students with degrees begin working for after graduation. The writer discusses that new graduates are often offered a position at a few of these companies. The writer points out that at a number of these facilities, the graduates may only gain experience and there is no room for advancement.

From the Paper
"A few of these companies repeatedly hire new graduates and offer them an opportunity to gain experience through their work in child care. It is evident, however, that many of these companies do not offer opportunities for advancement and students can only rely on them to acquire needed experience. The company is a local child care center with the business name Kid Zoo ..."

Tags:child, care, center

Abstract
The paper looks at three newspaper articles that show how the demands placed upon educational institutions to contend with multiculturalism and a diversity of learning needs are not being met due to the conditions created by the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) legislation. The paper explains that the NCLB program, which is centered on the premise of imposed standardized testing, promotes material homogeneity and evaluative uniformity that are directly counterintuitive to the increasingly diverse needs of a student body. The paper asserts that the NCLB should be considered a failed policy by a failed presidency.

From the Paper
"American education is designed, in intent, to accommodate the varied needs of students of all social, racial, economic and intellectual backgrounds by using practical instructing approaches that cultivate individual strengths. Particularly, educational theory has very gradually shifted from steadfast implementation of standard text to more Socratic means of class participation and individual contribution to larger group goals.
"This progressive approach to education, though more widely accepted by those in the educational profession all the time, is directly obstructed by the conditions promoted by No Child Left Behind. As a consideration of three recent newspaper articles will demonstrate, most indicators are that the ethical demands placed upon our educational institutions to contend with multicultural demands and a diversity of learning needs are not being met due to the conditions created by the legislation. As with the vast majority of policies by the current administration of President George W. Bush, this is an approach to a subject which directly eschews prevailing professional opinion, popular sentiment and rationality on how best to confront America's failing schools."

Tags:multiculturalism, diversity, standardized, testing, uniformity

Abstract
This paper discusses China's one child policy. It analyzes the history of the policy, as well as the reasons behind it and its consequences for the people of China and China as a country. The paper focuses on the negative results of this policy, in terms of gender imbalance and the possible result of self-centered individuals.

From the Paper
"Another problem which started with the one child policy was that people started to abandon their children. If parents who wished to have a boy had a girl instead, they would abandon the baby child and then try again to have a boy. To parents boys are more important because they see them as support in old age. They want the boy to grow up and take care of them. Girls normally cannot do this and when married, they go to live with their husbands and take care of his parents. Hence such abandonment cases have also been on the rise. Before the one child policy was in effect people used to abandon their children and even kill them due to poverty. The same is happening now which shows that the Chinese government has failed to address to this problem."

Tags:gender, girls, boys, abandonment

Abstract
This paper offers a critical analysis of the Bush administration's No Child Left Behind (NCLB) policy, which is centered on the premise of imposed standardized testing dictated by categorizing score assessments. The paper opines that the legislation is rife with the kind of material homogeneity and evaluative uniformity that are directly counterintuitive to the increasingly diverse needs of a student body, leaving schools deeply compromised by the impractical commitment to federalized testing standards. The paper also states that the NCLB level of control means a diminished ability to respond to individual learning needs and assessment demands, tying the hands of local school leadership. In conclusion, the paper notes that schools have seen a dramatic declination in quality and accountability in recent years, and this would be a good area for Republican leadership to renew its commitment to the rights of states and localities in the face of federal imposition.

From the Paper
"This is a circumstance which regrettably continues today, with the current presidential administration's No Child Left Behind initiative imposing further dependence upon the diagnostic testing and grade-evaluation policies which have long been an appendage of established educational patterns. The new education standards are given over to a "fundamentally punitive law that uses flawed standardized tests to label schools as failures and punish them with counterproductive sanctions." (Neill, 1) Sadly, this is a system which appears to be intensifying an imbalance which is already devastating to the future interests of minority communities by diverting funds to those schools whose teaching populations tend to reflect the limited diversity within higher socioeconomic classes. Just as this is a deeply ingrained extension of some of the most negative root impulses of American culture, it is likewise an issue which can only be rectified through root action. If minorities are to ever be given equal footing in the race to influence, political representation and economic balance, they must first be given fair recognition within America's educational system."

Tags:socioeconomic, standardized testing

Abstract
This paper addresses the subject of child abuse, and looks at the role of the child advocacy centers in taking care of children who have suffered some kind of abuse. It describes the work that these centers do as well as some of the problems that they encounter. The paper finishes with some recommendations as to how the CACs could improve their services.

Outline:
Introduction
Literature Review
Statistics
Data Collection
Methodology
Data analysis
Findings
Problems faced
Recommendations
Conclusion

From the Paper
''Child abuse has been defined as an act or omission that endangers or impairs a child's physical, mental or emotional health and development. It may take the form of physical or emotional injury, sexual abuse, sexual exploitation, physical neglect, medical neglect or inadequate supervision. Child abuse and neglect is a community concern and they have a legal and moral obligation to promote the well being, safety and permanency of children. This includes effectively responding to child abuse.
''In a bid to effectively prevent and respond to child abuse and neglect, there is need to have a common understanding of the actions and omissions that constitute child abuse. Under this definition, a ''child'' has been defined as one who is under the age of eighteen or is not an emancipated minor. In the case of child sexual abuse, a child is a person who has not attained the age of eighteen or the age specified by the child protection law of the state the child resides in, whichever is younger.
''Child abuse has consequences that are profound and may endure long after the abuse or neglect occurs.''

Tags:emotional, protection, neglect

Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that child care is a complex rising topic that has become more of a trend in recent years. The use of child care is a choice from the family that can be due for various reasons. Common reasons are because both parents hold occupations and therefore need a caregiver for their child during the day, and also parents who want to spend time with each other without the presence of their child. The writer discusses that no matter what the reasoning may be, there are several aspects to consider when choosing care for a child and in regards to child care in general. The writer discusses that advantages and disadvantages exist for child care based in an institution or home and that ensuring the child with quality care is a must.

From the Paper
"Home based and center based child care are the two main types of existing care options. Home based child care was popular amongst the families in the Child Care in Cultural Context study because it gave them the choice of selecting a particular care giver, rather than in a center based care facility where there are multiple care providers. Along with this benefit, many more are associated with home based child care. Generally, the owner of the day care is the main provider so they are always present. A fewer number of children are present which leads to more individualized attention. The children in the home can be of mixed age groups thus encouraging interaction of different levels of stimulation. Scheduling for food and naps are typically more flexible than in center care facilities, so the child's typical routine can be integrated while out of their own home. Also, home based day care centers are often less expensive for the families."

Tags:development, skills, families, selection

Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that cases of child abuse in all its types continue to increase in the past years, some occurring in child care centers or committed by babysitters and other child caretakers. The writer notes that symptoms of abuse may also indicate the quality of care. Further, the writer discusses that parents must also contend with the high cost of quality day care services and risk the possibility of their children developing poor social skills in these child care centers. The writer also points out that current research showed that regular day care does not have to interfere with the emotional connection between a working mother and her infant. The writer concludes that adequate provision for the child's basic physical needs, the feeling of being valued, being allowed to play and the mother's personality traits weigh much more heavily.


Outline:
Introduction
Literature Review
Hypothesis
Method
Findings and Discussion
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Meyerhoff discusses how the economic, cultural and social revolution in the country 50 years or so ago has driven young women and mothers to join the workforce. To adjust to the change, child care centers were set up to keep the children while their parents worked. Scientific evidence stands that children raised primarily at home develop much better social skills than those who spend a lot of time in group care. These young children in the company of other young children in group care learn social skills among themselves through imitation and operant conditioning. Every child will try some strategy, which will get him what he wants. In addition, many parents have started to feel guilty about separating from their children and leaving them in the care of others. They wish the situation could be more beneficial. Parents can make the arrangements needed to address this problem, but they should not be distracted away by modern conveniences from the fundamentals of authentic human development. When a problem turns up, the author invites parents to focus their attention on the expectations they place on the child's behavior rather than on the child's behavior itself."

Tags:development, group, care, healthy