Abstract This paper evaluates the reasons for non-parental childcare in today's day and age due to demographic changes in the structure of the family and the need for mother's to work. It examines the results of several surveys on the direct effect of this type of care on child development and outlines the options which are available to families who are concerned for their child's early development, but are also in need of two incomes.
From the Paper "Historical changes in family and economic trends have created the need for non-parental child care through a number of different societal changes. The move of families from the farms to urban settings and increased school attendance for children resulted in a reduced need for the mother to remain at home. Over time more women have been joining the work force, which has lead to an increase of financially independent women as well as less financial interdependence between wives and husbands. Society has also witnessed increased levels of divorce and children born out of wedlock. These changes in social trends have resulted in the majority of children living in one parent families or dual-earner families, which has consequently created an increased number of children requiring non-parental care for a large portion of each working day (Hernandez, 1995.)"
Tags: mother, work, force, child, care, facility, environment, society
Abstract This paper presents a business plan for a childcare facility in New York City. First discussed is the increasing need for day care facilities in the area and the regulations that need to be met before one can be opened. The paper then examines budgeting planning for a facility. Finally, the paper looks at proper functioning of the cay care center and ways to evaluate its success.
Table of Contents:
Section 1: Location and Regulations to be Met
Section 2: Local Community and Day Care Philosophy
Section 3: Budgeting
Section 4: Functioning Regulations
Section 5: Evaluation
From the Paper "Finally, in terms of health related concerns, the state officials will periodically send inspectors to analyze the sanitary conditions within the day care. Based on their findings, the day care center will adjust to the new requirements. Aside from this however, the day care will be run based on common sense and a desire for hygiene at all times. The children will sleep in clean beds, will play on clean carpets and will eat in extremely clean conditions. Aside from hygiene, another important health related issue is that of the food offered. Parents will be able to verify the menu for the following week and approve it or request changes. The primary specification however is that no fast food product will be served. All aliments will be healthy and will entirely exclude fast food products, excessive sweets and carbonated soft drinks."
Abstract This paper explains that, in the 1960s, in response to findings of the National Council of Jewish Women that childcare services for the poor were inadequate, new quality childcare initiatives, such as "Head Start" sponsored by the government for children living in poverty, began. The author points out that the childcare provider, staffing, environment, safety services and relationships between the parents and care provider are important for childcare to have a positive impact on the development of children. The paper relates that "comprehensive services", such as healthy nutrition, preventative health care, monitoring of child development, provision for sick children, consultation with outside specialists for individual and family needs, advocacy; services to children with disabilities and parent involvement programs, are valued in quality childcare programs.
From the Paper "In order to ensure that children grow up in healthy environments we also need to address the emotional and psychological needs of the parent. "Children are far more likely to be deprived of their basic needs by parents who are depressed, who feel helpless and hopeless, than by parents who are depraved." Regardless of the focus of the media, the depression of the primary caregiver has a greater impact than whether two parents live in the home. Stress and depression play a greater role in neglect and abuse, than does poverty or single parenthood. A depressed parent is more apt to neglect the basic needs of the child in ways that are subtler."
Tags: head-start, relationships, stress, poverty, government
Abstract Fifty years ago it was common to find the American family consisting of a mother, father, and two children. The father went to work, while the mother performed her motherly duties throughout the day. This paper explains how, over the last few decades, however, the work of the woman has shifted dramatically. Women are entering the work force at a higher rate, and with this, their motherly duties are shifting. It shows how some women are now perform these duties after their shift at work outside the home, and while they are at work, their children are placed in childcare. Only after understanding the history of childcare, the types of childcare, and the government involvement in childcare is it possible to know how the changing of family dynamics has resulted in the need for childcare.
From the Paper "Once women began to enter the workforce, more and more mothers decided to join with other women and go to work. This caused these mothers to take on twice the responsibility as other people because they now had two full time jobs. "Working mothers still do twice as much housework as their husbands, and more than half of all women questioned expressed at least some dissatisfaction with the amount of help their husbands provide around the house" (Morin and Rosenfeld 1998 A1). This responsibility of raising children while working is not limited to women though, increasingly men are becoming the caretaker of children and they face the same struggles. The continuation of women in the workplace, while extremely stressful, is a result of the feeling of satisfaction that comes with a job. According to Clarke-Stewart (1993), "They get more satisfaction from outside work than nonworking women do from housework. They feel better about themselves as individuals and as competent achievers. They feel healthier, more independent, and in control of their lives" (2). However, with this sense of independence comes a feeling of overwhelming responsibility."
Abstract In this article, the writer discusses that cases of child abuse in all its types continue to increase in the past years, some occurring in childcare centers or committed by babysitters and other child caretakers. The writer notes that symptoms of abuse may also indicate the quality of care. Further, the writer discusses that parents must also contend with the high cost of quality day care services and risk the possibility of their children developing poor social skills in these childcare centers. The writer also points out that current research showed that regular day care does not have to interfere with the emotional connection between a working mother and her infant. The writer concludes that adequate provision for the child's basic physical needs, the feeling of being valued, being allowed to play and the mother's personality traits weigh much more heavily.
Outline:
Introduction
Literature Review
Hypothesis
Method
Findings and Discussion
Conclusion
From the Paper "Meyerhoff discusses how the economic, cultural and social revolution in the country 50 years or so ago has driven young women and mothers to join the workforce. To adjust to the change, child care centers were set up to keep the children while their parents worked. Scientific evidence stands that children raised primarily at home develop much better social skills than those who spend a lot of time in group care. These young children in the company of other young children in group care learn social skills among themselves through imitation and operant conditioning. Every child will try some strategy, which will get him what he wants. In addition, many parents have started to feel guilty about separating from their children and leaving them in the care of others. They wish the situation could be more beneficial. Parents can make the arrangements needed to address this problem, but they should not be distracted away by modern conveniences from the fundamentals of authentic human development. When a problem turns up, the author invites parents to focus their attention on the expectations they place on the child's behavior rather than on the child's behavior itself."
Abstract This paper discusses how parents across the nation are consistently searching out safe and dependable childcare for their children while the parents go to work. It explores the impact that childcare quality has on the development of the children who go through the program. Through a literature review it analyzes various studies on the topic as well as evaluating the military's childcare system and the federal government's opinion of the importance of quality childcare for the purpose of well developed children which consequently lead to well developed adults.
From the Paper "It has been suspected for years that the quality of child care has a direct impact on the development of those in care. Recently the federal government took a stand on the issue and agrees it is vital to provide high quality child care to ensure the healthy and advanced development of the nation's future members. The government alludes to the fact that a child's early experiences have significant effects on the learning and development of that child. The government also recently conducted a study of the military's child care system and believes it to be an excellent role model for quality child care seekers and providers(Child, 1997)."
Abstract This paper explains that Canada does not provide childcare allowing for the full employment of parents and, notably, working mothers who make up a large proportion of adults responsible for maintaining viable households. The author points out that the issues of childcare pertain not only to child poverty but also to matters that indicate the need for a national childcare directive. The paper relates that the 2007 Canadian Universal ChildCare Benefit is a step forwards in aiding families with childcare expenses and promoting daycare expansion; however it does not promise practical help for families who are struggling. The author states that more poor Canadian mothers are moving to low income, ghettoized areas, which more often give access to subsidized childcare facilities but at a price of exposure to crime and criminality.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Universality as Policy Defect
Who can Afford Childcare?
Assumptions to do with Mothers
'Working Class ChildCare'
Observations of Social Welfare Research
Conclusion
From the Paper "Critics note that Denmark's policy addresses a small territory and a population below 6 millions yet the model of compulsory facilities seems a fine starting place for what might occur in the Canadian provinces to follow the example of Quebec. In general, one wishes effort was made to explore examples around the world and the costs and benefits of programs encouraging the rise of daycare facilities, programs to make care affordable and all manner of bridges to help unemployed or low income parents to achieve both needed daycare and employment, along with affordable housing, towards a more constructive solution to socioeconomic problems than what is now seen in Canada."
Abstract The paper discusses the concern of new mothers that leaving a baby in a childcare facility will diminish its ability to recognize its mother. The paper explains that those who select a good childcare facility have little reason for concern about attachment. The paper looks at the sociological research that has proven that high-quality childcare is beneficial for babies and young children and does not diminish attachment to the mother.
From the Paper "Many new mothers have deep concerns that returning to work shortly after giving birth and leaving their baby in a child care facility every day could have a detrimental effect on the baby's ability to recognize its mother. They have a tendency to believe that frequent contact with their baby is necessary in order for a mother-child bond to form, develop, and be maintained. Consequently, they wonder if child care is always bad for babies and young children.
"I can offer reassurance in response to these concerns, for many sociological studies have been conducted in order to identify the influence of childcare on babies and young children, and most of these studies indicate that there are no negative effects. For example, Bengt-Erik Andersson's (1992) research and analysis of this issue indicates
that child-care is beneficial for babies. He studied socioemotional behavior such as attentiveness versus distractibility, impulsivity and short temper, assertiveness, and interactions with others, and none of his study results "indicated negative effects of day-care during infancy.""
Abstract This paper explores the effectiveness of residential childcare as a means of providing an alternative to traditional detention centers. It explains and emphasizes the beneficial outcomes that occur for resident juvenile offenders both during and after their stay in residential childcare centers. The paper recommends reform of the juvenile detention system through these centers.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Introduction
Historical Perspectives
Statement of the Problem
Proposed Future Directions
Summary and Conclusions
From the Paper "The implementation of residential child care has the potential to significantly alter the character of juvenile punishment. If effective, this will create a setting in which positive change can be made within juvenile punishment; no longer will an authoritative punishment philosophy be applied, but rather an environment conducive to the wellbeing of the juvenile offender will be created. It is hoped that this type of setting will educate the juvenile offender in appropriate social behaviors and provide a support system that will continue into the offender's adulthood."
Abstract In this article, the writer reports that a study was conducted of a local Charlotte day care center for the purposes of gaining information that would benefit the student population interested in the childcare field. The writer maintains that the benefits to this population include understanding the organizations that support new graduates in their career endeavors and realizing the organizations that will serve them by supporting their career goals. For these reasons Kid Zoo Developmental Center was evaluated through an interview and research and the findings are included in the paper. The interview portion of the documentation reflects an interview with a recent graduate employed at the facility and related opinions as to the quality of the job at the center.
Outline:
Research
Interview
Letter of Transmittal
Works Cited
From the Paper "The salary range for employees within the company is comparable to others day care workers in the area. Most employees begin at a minimal wage and progress with time at the center and their performance meriting raises. There are, however, those workers that have degrees in child care services that are started at a higher wage and that progress at a more rapid pace toward promotions. Therefore, this company does hire entry level graduates, although there are no openings at this time."
"Benefits with this company are determined by the number of hours the individual works. There are no benefits for part time workers, and full time workers can participate in a 401K plan, as well as employee health benefit programs that are offered and minimal. Basically, there are no significant promotion possibilities with this company, as it is only at one location."
Abstract This paper discusses how as more and more single parents have moved, by necessity or choice, from the home into the workforce, the need for affordable, quality childcare has become a crucial social issue and how there is an enormous impact and cost placed on single parents. It provides an analysis of the existing problems surrounding childcare, as well as local, state and federal recommendations to expand childcare for single parents and to improve quality and implications of these changes. It evaluates how quality childcare, educational programs and after-school activities are extremely helpful to single parents and provide creative ways for them to shoulder the responsibility of raising children while working.
Outline
Statement of the Problem
Goals and Objectives
Significance of the Problem
Community Involvement
Mobilizing the Media and Officials
Solutions and Policy Recommendations
Benefits to Special Population and People of Color
Implementation
Evaluation
From the Paper "For single parents, childcare costs can pose a significant barrier to entering the workforce. In many cases, single parents to have a hard time finding affordable, safe care in close proximity to their homes or work that meet their scheduling requirements.
Even if single parents are able to find a childcare program that is affordable and meets their individual needs, there are faced with another problem?the quality of childcare. Many affordable childcare solutions have unsafe environments, including unsanitary conditions and a lack of supervision."
Abstract This paper outlines the need of childcare centers in American and other countries around the world and supports the thesis through the provision of statistics and case studies.
Abstract In this article, the writer notes that the question over who should care for children is once again being debated throughout North America, with many advocating that very young children be raised with either their mothers or a close member of the family instead of attending childcare centers. The writer discusses research indicating that the poor quality of care given in existing centers throughout the United States is the reason for problems within the classroom, as children who attend these care centers are believed to have both development and social problems. The writer concludes that the important point of the debate over childcare should be how to ensure quality care for children whose parents have to work, or have chosen to work, through understanding and enabling effective and positive child development and growth within center-based childcare.
Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
An Overview of ChildCare in the United States
Contemporary Childcare in the United States
Towards an Effective ChildCare System
Conclusion
From the Paper "The changes in society over the past few decades have completely transformed the contemporary world, mainly through the consequences of warfare and the recent advancements in technology, which has also changed the lives of women. Accounting for almost half of the nation's workforce, a vast majority of them either are already mothers or will be, which means that something needs to be done about the childcare situation in America. Although center-based childcare is not, perhaps, the ideal situation for mothers and their children, most parents have little choice."
Abstract This paper addresses the issue of childcare. It starts off by providing a history childcare and brings us to the present day hurdles facing this topic. With the modern day phenomena of single and teenage mothers, alternative childcare facilities need to be made available at educational institutes. This paper provides a broad look at childcare in the US, focuses on Alabama and finally on Troy State University.
From the paper:
"Day care is most often thought of as a contemporary issue. On the contrary, most American mothers, whether in urban settings or on farms, were responsible for much more than childcare. Before the idea of day care was conceived, mothers often depended on family members, older children, and other women to look after their children. It was not until the 1800s that American urban middle class society originated the stay-at-home mother concept.
In the late 19th-century, privileged, affluent women founded day nurseries to meet the needs of poor and working class mothers who were employed to support their children. There were more than five hundred nurseries across the country by 1912. Initially, day care was offered as charity to the deserving poor. It was not the intent of these nurseries to encourage mothers to work outside the home. "
Abstract This paper presents an overview of the definition of childcare. It provides interviews with married, separated and single parents and a research on an agency. The paper investigates childcare costs, licensed and unlicensed day care centers and regular childcare. The paper also discusses future trends in childcare.
From the Paper "Probably one of the most significant changes in child care already under way is that child care will be more family centered and more dedicated to helping parents achieve their goals. Public schools will participate to an even greater extent in providing child care, especially before-school and after-school care. Also, preschool programs are rapidly growing and these programs will ease parents' needs for child care. The number of women who enter the workforce, full or part time, will increase. In particular, women with children under three will represent the fastest-growing group of parents seeking child care. For many working parents, staying home with their children is not an option or a desire. "Federal efforts at welfare reform, which aim to make a permanent dependency on government funds a thing of the past, have tremendous implications for child care. Professionals are concerned that the increased demand for child care caused by taking parents off welfare, providing them with job training, and encouraging them to work will result in lower-quality care" (Morrison, 2000)."
