Abstract
The paper looks at case study #1 and relates that "Billy" is a little boy who is very afraid of teddy bears because he (at the age of three) fell down while playing with a teddy bear and cut his knee; he was in considerable distress and his mother responded to the situation by scolding the teddy bear. The paper describes how Billy's response - ostensibly to his mother's scolding - was to become very agitated whenever he was in the presence of the teddy bear in question; even when the bear was thrown out, Billy would often cry and become miserable if he came within close proximity of a teddy bear.

From the Paper
"Case Study #1: the teddy bear boy (page 8 of course textbook) Background of problem (the context). Essentially, "Billy" is a little boy who is very afraid of teddy bears because he (at the age of three) fell down while playing with a teddy bear and cut his knee; he was in considerable distress and his mother responded to the situation by scolding the teddy bear. Unfortunately, Billy's response - ostensibly to his mother's scolding - was to become very agitated whenever he was in the presence of the teddy bear in question; even when the bear was thrown out,..."

Tags:adolescent, counselling, studies

Abstract
The paper researches the extent to which birth order affects one's attitude and actions toward life. The paper examines many theories, including those of F.J. Sulloway, D. Conley and B. Dattner on the first-born, second-born, middle children, youngest child and only children. The paper also looks at the other variables that influence personality and emphasizes that birth order is only one element of the subject's background. The paper proposes research to determine whether birth order or other factors are valuable for inspiring personality and style, as well as whether birth order has any bearing on life goals.

Outline:
Sulloway's Theories
Conley's and Others'Theories
Dattner and Theories about the First-born
Second-born
Middle Children
Youngest Child
Only Children
Genetic Factors
Special Circumstances and Variables
Research Strategy
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Alfred Adler (1870-1937), an Austrian psychiatrist, was one of the first theorists to suggest that birth order has an enormous affect on an individual's style of life, friendship, love, and work. But ever since Adler proposed that there are birth order personalities, other studies have been devised that prove additional factors may influence a child's attitude and adjustment as he or she grows to be an adult. These other strong factors are: parental attitudes; organ inferiority, illness, and disability; gender confusion; or social, economic and religious circumstances."

Tags:sibling, competition, first-born, second-born, middle, children

Abstract
This paper takes the classic children's story of "Goldilocks and the Three Bears" and puts an interesting spin on it. By interpreting the story through modern eyes, the author of the paper provides a humorous version of an all-time favorite.

From the Paper
"When reading the classic story of Goldilocks and the three bears, one often wonders what drove Goldilocks to do the dastardly things that she did. The overwhelming evidence would seem to indicate that Goldilocks was a vagrant who scoured the forest ,looking for people to take advantage of, or possibly steal from, because of her lack of parental units. She had no home or food; she was a drug addict, and an overall troublesome girl."

Tags:child, fairy, fractured, tails, vagrant

Abstract
This paper examines the transformation of the traditional American family and the impact of the non-traditional family in today's world. The paper explains that the non-traditional family is called a "blended family" and is more prevalent today than thirty years ago because divorce rates are rising and remarriages are much more common. The paper notes that significant changes are occurring in the marriage patterns in the United States, as individuals are postponing marriage until later in life and more people are choosing not to get married. The paper also points out that the area where change is most apparent centers around patterns of child-bearing. The paper then discusses the various types of non-traditional families. The paper contends that , for all types of non-traditional families, the changes will only come from shifts in cultural prejudices and this kind of change will be slow, but there are signs that some preliminary movement is beginning to take place.

From the Paper
"The image of the American family looks and functions very differently than families of the past few decades. Men and women raised in the 1960's and 1970's when programs such as "Ozzie and Harriet" and "Father Knows Best" exemplify the average family, are likely to find themselves in situations that have changed dramatically. Research claims that many family structures are common: single-parent families, remarried couples, unmarried couples, step families, foster families, multi-generational families, extended families, and the doubling up of two families within the same home. Marriage, divorce, and patterns of childbirth are some of the factors that have contributed to these significant changing families. With these changes come the possibility of remarriage and the creation of new families which bring together parents and children without blood ties."

Tags:divorce, remarriage, cultural, prejudice, child-bearing, population

Abstract
The paper presents James M. Childs' view that too many people are infinitely more interested in acquiring the conspicuous markers of worldly success than they are in serving (and in bearing witness) to God. The paper looks at the personal values which inform this writer and the paper briefly details why these values are important (to this subject at least) and why they are essential in the discharge of the writer's professional duties as an investigator and as a recovery agent.

Tags:childs, chapter, two

Abstract
The paper relates that Avon manufactures and markets its own exclusive line of cosmetics, skin care, and various other household and personal use items. The paper explains that its primary business model is the direct marketing sales channel and it has an extensive network of sales representatives throughout the world employing more than 47,000 people. One specific product is examined in relation to this present study: Avon's Avon Solutions Super Shape Anti-Cellulite and Stretch Mark Cream. The paper relates that this skin care product is an anti-aging type of skin care product that combats cellulite build-up and stretch marks and it is seen as having the ability to be cross marketed to the child bearing and child birth market where expectant mothers and new mothers are concerned about stretch marks. The particular market being examined for Avon is the Russia market in which it currently has operations with approximately $100m in annual sales originating in that market alone. The paper discusses how this product can considerably elevate Avon's sales in the Russian market because it can be cross marketed to a wider variety of consumers and across a greater spectrum of demographics than many of its other products and product categories.

Tags:skin, care, avon

Abstract
The purpose of this research paper is to answer the question: "Is radiation safe in the dental office?" It hypothesizes that despite predominate thinking by dentists, cumulative radiation over time, even exposure to dental radiation in small amounts, can lead to health problems and significant health and safety issues for the patient and for personnel working in the dental office. This is especially true of women during their child bearing years. It also investigates whether information or empirical studies exist that quantify the amount of radiation people are exposed to for dental procedures and whether this level is safe to the patient or the people that may be around or inside of the room where the radiation is occurring.

Outline:
Introduction
Analysis of Dental Practices
Conclusion

From the Paper
"The proposition or purpose of radiography in the dental office is to provide dentists with diagnostic information about the bones in the mouth or teeth, while keeping radiation levels as low as possible. Dentists claim that X-ray examinations are ordinary examinations performed in the office with the purpose of maintaining a patient's dental care. There is evidence however that cumulative X-ray exposure may prove detrimental, so why would dentists continue to use it? I propose the use or over use of X-rays is partly a result of the lack of information about the cumulative effects of dental radiation. Dentists are as ignorant as patients in many cases when it comes to the safety of radiological exams. Most are likely taught at the university level that X-rays should be done annually or as often as necessary to promote proper health and detect early damage to the teeth."

Tags:pregnancy, teeth, x-ray, exposure

Abstract
This paper discusses the issues involved in homosexual marriages. The paper presents the many arguments for and against the legalization of same-sex marriages. One of the central arguments examined is that of child-bearing and rearing. The paper contends that whether or not one accepts any or all of the arguments against legalizing same-sex unions, it is impossible not to see the entire question as one that opens up a Pandora's box of other questions regarding the state of society at the moment and its trajectory for the future that we may not yet be ready to answer.

From the Paper
"In May, 2004, the British Broadcasting Company (BBC) released an article on its Web site about gay marriage around the world. It would be safe to assume that the controversy over gay marriage in the U.S., juxtaposed with the vow of President George Bush to add an amendment to the Constitution defining marriage as a union between one man and one woman, played a part in bringing about the BBC's interest. Certainly, the actions of the state of Massachusetts, in the face of Mr. Bush's vow, brought it to a top-of-mind position with United States citizens."

Tags:homosexual, unions, children

Abstract
This paper examines how attachment might be assessed and whether it is useful. The paper explains that sensitivity, competence and a secure base are the three elements which seem to have a significant bearing on the demonstration and development of attachment. The paper also notes that the three things that make up the attachment relationship are sensitivity of the mother to the child and its needs, competency in completing the desires and needs of the child and providing a secure base for the child to cling to. The paper then points out that the origin of this "love" or "attachment" has only been studied by psychologists in the last 100 years, though humans have long speculated on its manifestations and irregularities in adolescents and adults. The paper concludes that it has already been determined that the attachment in the areas of fulfillment of needs is useful to the child in a physical way, but it is being assessed whether the attachment to the mother following infancy, determined by the mother's sensitivity to her child, is useful in other ways or not.

From the Paper
"Attachment theory in psychology addresses the period of helplessness in infants and infants, during which there is a biological need for their mother's (or other caregiver's) protection and care. Attachment behaviors (such as approaching or not approaching a stranger, or smiling, or crying) at this age come from human evolution and provide an advantage for the child in the ability to survive through close proximity to the mother. It also has the benefit of increasing the many beneficial outcomes which the mother can provide. Attachment behavior is particularly noticed in times of stress, either within the child (hunger or pain) or from the environment (when the child meet with an unfamiliar person, or hears a loud noise). This noticeable attachment of mother and child peaks around the age of one, a time when the infant begins to walk and venture away from the mother."

Tags:child, infant, development, stress

Abstract
This essay asserts that in the broader issue of reproductive rights, pro-life strategists apply a double standard when it comes to minorities and their reproductive rights. The paper maintains that when the focus is changed from abortion to broader reproductive freedom, the pro-life advocates apply race and class criteria that distinguish between the rights of white, middle-class women and low-income women of color. The paper further asserts that pro-life activists advocate policies that discourage childbearing by depriving low-income women of the means to support a child and that the pro-life movement has sought to discourage women on welfare from becoming pregnant by punishing them when they bear children.

From the Paper
"These policies designed to control the child-bearing of poor women are but the latest in a series of practices that date back to the eugenics movement of the 19th century, which promoted, racial theories of "fitness" and "unfitness." During this time of a significantly declining birth rate within the white population, politicians and eugenicists raised the specter of white "race suicide." The eugenics movement, which was adopted briefly by the birth control movement in the early 20th century, advocated a higher birthrate for white, middle class, "fit" women and a lower birthrate (aided by birth control) for poor women, especially poor "unfit" women of color and immigrant women."

Tags:middle, upper, class, white, bear, children, immigrant, childbearing, welfare, mothers