This paper studies three books: 'Brief Counseling in Action' by John M. Littrell, 'Counseling Children and Adolescents' by Ann Vernon and 'Career Counseling' by Norman C. Gysbers, Mary J. Heppner and Joseph A. Johnston.
Abstract This paper provides book report on three books regarding counseling. The three books discussed are: 'Brief Counseling in Action' by John M. Littrell, 'Counseling Children and Adolescents' by Ann Vernon and 'Career Counseling' by Norman C. Gysbers, Mary J. Heppner and Joseph A. Johnston. The reports examine the author's main points. The writer of this article discusses the validity of these points, critical issues raised, language used, types of evidence (primary, secondary) and looks at what the books have in common. The paper also discusses the relevance of the books to a B.A. degree in Counseling and reveals what was learned from the books.
From the Paper "This book is an introduction to brief therapy for counselors and counseling students that will enable the reader to establish the mindset for brief counseling. It will help them master the key steps in the solution-focused model and acquire the necessary techniques for speeding up the action. The book uses many vignettes and three in-depth single-session cases demonstrating the use of brief counseling in different settings such as schools, counseling centers and in private ... "
Tags: brief counseling, child and adolescentcounseling, career counseling
Abstract This paper provides a treatment plan for a 14 year-old girl assaulted over a period of time by her step-father. The paper delves into the major goals and objectives of the treatment plan, the interventions which will be pursued and the people who will play an integral role in nursing her back to psychological health. The paper also incorporates the DSM-IV diagnosis approach and outlines the ethical and legal considerations which must be borne in mind at all times.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Child And AdolescentCounseling: Case Presentation And Treatment Plan
Introduction: Subject Description, Presenting Problems, Diagnosis, Goals, And Description Of Intervention
Client And Family Dynamics
Diagnosis using the DSM IV, 5-Axis
3 General Treatment Goals For This Client
3 Objectives For Each Goal
Rationale For Treatment Plan
From the Paper "The three goals cited earlier in this paper were chosen because this child has a profound guilt complex that has led her towards two aborted suicide attempts. Further, because she is deeply withdrawn, she is forcing herself to shoulder all of her pain without others to assist her; she is also more likely to consider suicide again without others to dissuade her. Finally, it is clear she must re-capture her self-esteem or she will continue to repeat the "endless loop" she is on. Of all of these issues, it seems paramount to address her feelings of guilt, for she has enough to worry about without shouldering the blame for the despicable actions of another."
Abstract The paper examines typical issues faced by adolescents. Then the paper presents strategies counselors use to deal with these issues. The issues discussed include: peer pressure, substance use and abuse, family relationships, stress, sexual maturation, and school and academic issues.
From the Paper "Burns has noted that during the course of even the most normal adolescent period of development, many young people and their families will encounter difficult spots which can be helped by a..."
Abstract This paper discuses issues relevant to the identification and counseling of gay and lesbian high school students. It looks at the importance of counselors and teachers understanding the unique stressors of gay and lesbian students and an often unsupportive, unacccepting, hostile school environment. The paper conducts a research study of high school gay or lesbian students who have been subject to harassment, violence and verbal abuse.
Abstract This paper discusses mood disorder among the adolescent population and explains that stressful life events, added to the pressures of school work, social life, and parental interactions, can cause the hormonal changes taking place in an adolescent's body to result in an organic mood disorder. The paper discusses the symptoms of depression and focuses on suicidal tendencies that are a common symptom of teenage depression. The paper also looks at the treatment options available, which include simple lifestyle changes, antidepressant medications and non-pharmacological methods of family counseling and one-on-one counseling.
From the Paper "A report issued by the American Surgeon General (nd) lists major depressive disorder, dysthymic disorder and bipolar disorder as the most frequently diagnosed mood disorders among the adolescent population. Mood disorders are strongly correlated with suicidal ideation and behavior in the general population, but among the teen community risk for suicide increases. The Surgeon General (nd) calls suicidal behavior a "matter of serious concern" and notes that "incidence of suicide attempts reaches a peak during the midadolescent years, and mortality from suicide, which increases steadily through the teens, is the third leading cause of death at that age." Therefore, parents, educators, and clinicians need to understand the causes and warning signs that may predict suicidal behavior."
Abstract This study investigated the effects of home-based counseling in improving the personal self-concept, overall social behavior and academic achievement of inner city at-risk African American adolescents, aged 12 to 21. It was hypothesized that if a counselor could be exposed to, and take into consideration, the at-risk adolescent's home and community environment, a holistic outlook might be beneficial in recommending effective, successful intervention tactics with both short and long term benefits.
From the Paper "The concept of home-based visits and counseling is not new: in recent decades, mental health professionals have been visiting their clients in their homes for a variety of reasons including the provision of services to those unlikely or unwilling to seek out and maintain regular contact in more traditional settings and to provide comprehensive, integrated treatment approaches for clients with multidimensional needs. Clinical observation and empirical research supports the potential effectiveness of home-based services. Appropriate intervention can help individual clients and families in crisis or at risk to be served, stabilized and supported in their own homes; research also supports the fact that clients, whether individuals or families, facing multiple problems of poverty, few social supports, severe psychosocial disturbance, social stigma and prejudice, and limited access to employment, housing and other resources often need ongoing support to sustain a successful environment from which a student may confidently base academic achievement .and crisis free living. (Newton, 30-31)."
Tags: learn, counsel, treatment, therapy, african, culture, students
Abstract This paper reviews the theories of Sigmund Freud, Erik Erikson and Ivan Pavlov in relation to child and adolescent development and supports the thesis that learning cannot take place until the child has reached the necessary physical, psychological and emotional milestones to do so. The paper concludes that the theories of Freud and Erickson support this thesis by directly acknowledging that development takes place in an ordered and pre-defined manner. Pavlov also feels that development progresses from simple to complex and that complex learning is the result of simple ordered learning steps. However, he does not define them as rigidly as Freud and Erickson.
Outline:
Freud's Theories and the Child Erickson: Freud's Adversary
Pavlov's Theories on Development
A Comparison of These Three Theories
The Connection between Cognitive, Physical and Emotional Development
Understanding Child and Adolescent Development in Connection with Learning
From the Paper "Erik Erickson was a key critic of Freud's psychoanalytic theories. Erickson stressed the social component and influence upon human development, and advocated a multi-stage process of human development, in contrast to Freud's emphasis on infant sexuality (David & Clifton 2008). Eriksson's first key concept stressed that human conflict was never-ending, and suggested that rather than focusing on the conflict of personal identity. Erickson's second key concept is that each stage of development was marked by a more general conflict of, for example, "trust versus mistrust" (David & Clifton 2008). The third concept is that not only the family was involved in these conflicts, but that other relationships played a key role in social development. "
Abstract The paper refers to the article "Medical and Psychosocial Aspects of Chronic Illness and Disability" by D.R. Falvo and discusses the reaction of parents when a child is born with or develops some form of disability during childhood. The paper discusses the stress that can take the form of grief, denial, depression or guilt. The paper explains the positive outlook parents should have and discusses the benefits of support groups and grief counseling. The paper emphasizes the importance of parents understanding that they still have a whole, but different, child.
From the Paper "When a child is born with or develops some form of disability during his or her childhood, the parents almost inevitably suffer significant feeling of loss and grief. The process that they undertake is similar to that of someone who has experienced the loss of a loved one, or of a special person in their lives. The totality of this grieving depends on a number of factors. It is influenced by 1) the condition itself, 2) the disparity between the individuals' personality pre- and post-disease or disability, 3) how the affected individual and his or her family perceive the new condition, 4) the resources with which the person can respond to the disease or disability, and 5) the amount of support that an individual can derive from his or her family or society at large (Falvo, 2005, p. 1)."
Abstract This paper discusses the factor that affect adolescent literacy in the United States. Firstly, it is known that young learners receive much of their early literacy training from their families prior to entering the school system. It explains that this early education may not often correspond to a traditional curriculum, but may be perfectly acceptable within the cultural aspects of the child's community. Furthermore, the child's exposure to literature previous to entering school may be non-existent.
From the Paper "Adolescent literacy in the United States is affected by many factors. First, it is known that young learners receive much of their early literacy training from their families prior to entering the school system. This early education may not often correspond to a traditional curriculum, but may be perfectly acceptable within the cultural aspects of the child's community. Furthermore, the child's exposure to literature previous to entering school may be non-existent. In either case it is evident that all children arrive at the door of education with varying backgrounds in literature, and that educators must be responsible for identifying and embracing these differences in order to enhance the student's literacy levels throughout his or her educational career. Secondly, many children in the country today exist in impoverished and homeless states. Their abilities to develop literacy strengths are not absent, yet, how these adolescents will ..."
Abstract This paper presents an analysis of Christian marriage counseling or pastoral counseling that aims to promote awareness and attitude and behavior change through the use of Christian doctrine and biblical authority.
From the Paper "Marriage is viewed by Christians as a Sacred vow, one in which before God couples commit their lives to each other for better or worse .In "Marriage Counseling: A Christian Approach to Counseling Couples", EverettL Worthington Jr, a Christian pastoral counselor, maintains that quite often the conditions in the marriage relationship are worse than better. The statistics on divorce in the United States provide ample evidence of Worthington's claim. Since the fifty percent or one out of every two marriages in..."
Abstract This research paper investigates the impact of instructional conditions on the scores of three parenting measures: the Adult/Adolescent Parenting Inventory, the Child Abuse Potential Inventory, and the Parenting Stress Index. It explores the ability of the measures validity indexes to detect response distortions. The paper states that most parenting-measure scores change significantly as a result of parents' attempts to distort their responses. The paper provides extensive information and statistics.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Introduction
Method
Test Instruments
Procedure
Results
Validity Measures
Discussion
References
From the Paper "In this study, we explored the impact of instructional conditions (fake good, be honest, fake bad, and respond randomly) on AAPI, CAP Inventory, and PSI scores. Because the assumption was that parents can distort their responses on parenting measures when they are asked or are motivated to do so, parenting-scale score differences were expected for both general-population and at-risk (for child physical abuse) parents across the instructional conditions. Scores indicating low risk on the three parenting measures were expected following the instruction to fake good, whereas scores indicating high risk were expected following the instruction to fake bad. Parents in the be-honest condition were expected to earn scores that fall between parents' scores in the fake-good and fake-bad conditions."
Abstract This paper examines how the author, a specialist in child care and a teacher of special need children, addresses the sensitive issue of a child abuse victim being accused of a horrible crime to another child. This paper discusses the sensitive issues of the book and how it can be used as a guide for both a teacher and a parent when addressing children with special needs.
From the Paper "The book One Child by Torey L. Hayden details the psychological and physical rehabilitation of a young girl named Sheila who had committed a horrific crime against another child. Sheila however, was herself the victim of a crime. Sheila was abandoned by her mother on a highway. The author of this nonfiction, first-person account named Torey Hayden, the girl's teacher, had to deal with both the young girl's loss of her mother, which motivated the girl to commit such an action. Hayden also had to deal with losses the girl experienced because of the unconscionable living environment she finds herself in. This book is instructive for a student of nursing as well as a student of teaching because it illustrates how loss is not always a concrete event, especially in the life of a child. Rather, loss becomes part of the development of the child's personality unless intervention and proper counseling occur."
Abstract This paper explains that the connection between substance-abusing parents and child abuse has been studied at length; however, there is a lack of research into the correlation between social support services and the reduction of child abuse by these parents. The paper then proposes a research study that will evaluate if social support networks, such as 12-step programs, rehabilitation programs and related community-based social services, could lead to a reduction of child abuse and substance abuse. The paper explains that the population for this study is parents of African-American children between the ages of two and ten years old, who have a high incidents of child abuse and substance abuse.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Problem Statement
Research Question
Literature Review
Hypothesis
Sample
Human Subject Issues
Conceptualization and Operationalization
Research Design
Data Collection
Data Analysis
Discussion
From the Paper "This is an area where family therapy can be especially facilitative. For families in which self-expression is considered a weakness, an empowerment approach can help define the family in terms of the unique forms, structures, and roles that clients are actually immersed in or are attempting to renegotiate, rather than in terms of an ideal unit. Clients should be supported in defining their families for themselves and then in using creative outreach strategies to actively involve the identified members in a variety of family sessions."
This paper discusses the long-term influence parents have on the development of their child, the effect the environment has on this relationship and the consequence this child-context interaction has on the child's further adjustment to the environment
Abstract The paper demonstrates that child-context interaction that begins as bonding at birth and continues through the first four years of a child's life is a strong factor in the child's ability to adjust to the environment and will effect the child for the majority of his life. The author presents research showing that if children have close and healthy relationships with their parents, these children will do better in adjusting to different environments including difficult neighborhoods and schools. He shows how the family's culture and the neighborhood in which they live also can shape child-context interaction.
From the Paper "As the mother and child work together to find the missing puzzle piece, their ability to think and problem solve will be developing. Most of the time the way a child interacts with one parent will be different than when both parents are available. The relationship with mothers are usually nurturing while the relationship with the father is more realistic. They want to be strong and not cry when they get hurt when they are with their father. However, if they are with their mother and they fall and hurt their knee, they want to cry and get a band-aid. The child learns ways to interact with others through the interactions between child-father, between child-mother, and between child-both parents."
Abstract This paper examines a few articles that address the role of the counselor when dealing with a case of child abuse. The writer explains that the counselor's role includes helping the child itself, but also assisting the parents in dealing with the problem at hand. It concludes that a counselor needs to have a more preventative plan, which will ensure the lowering of risk factors for a child within its community.
From the Paper "I think it is important for the counselor to focus on preventive rather than ameliorative solutions to deliver a plan that takes school and home environments holistically and seeks to elevate community education about abuse and neglect, because this would create an environment in which young children would have less of a danger of being exposed to abuse and neglect. This is especially important when dealing with younger children because, as one source notes, "Experience is always filtered through the child's current ways of understanding. The child's mind is not a camera that takes faithful pictures of reality. However, as the mind develops, it becomes more in tune with reality" (Miller, 1989, p. 38). The overall goal to the program would be to reduce levels of violence at home, in schools, and therefore in communities."
