Abstract This paper presents a formal biology laboratory report. It presents a procedure that was devised to remove all bacteria from a chicken wing. It begins by discussing the bacteria that can be present on chicken wings and the possible solutions to the problem. The paper then reports on a test for the efficacy of certain antibiotics on the bacteria of the untreated wing.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Introduction
Materials and Methods
Study Organisms
Treatment Of Choice For Elimination Of Bacteria From A Chicken Wing
Serial Dilutions Of Washes From Both Wings
Gathering Of Bacterial Cultures From Both Wings
Effects Of Various Antibiotics On Three Types Of Bacteria
Results
Control Agar Petri Plate
Treatment Agar Petri Plate
Antibiotic Disk Results
Chicken Wing Bacteria
Discussion
Appendix
From the Paper "It is important to remove all bacteria, such as salmonella, from raw foods to avoid any foodborne diseases. Four serial dilutions were created in microfuge test tubes for a control chicken wing and a treatment chicken wing. The treatment chicken wing was treated using vinegar, salt, and heat. Cultures from each microfuge test tube were streaked on two different agar plates and left to reproduce, incubated at 30o Celsius for 22 hours. The proposed treatment of the chicken wing proved to be 100% effective producing no visible colonies on the agar plate. Four antibiotics - penicillin, streptomycin, tetracycline, and chloramphenicol - were used to treat E. coli, M. luteus, and chicken wing bacteria. The bacteria cultures were smeared on three different Petri dishes, and divided into four quadrants where antibiotic disks were placed. After 22 hours of incubation at 30o Celsius, diameters of the rings of clear agar around each antibiotic disk were recorded. Chloramphenicol produced the largest diameter on all three Petri dishes, while penicillin proved to work best on gram-positive bacteria. The bacteria on the chicken wing were gram-negative and most resistant to tetracycline."
Abstract This paper discusses the issue of how an international franchise copes with the speed at which international business and trade are growing. The paper examines the story of a simple American idea (Kentucky Fried Chicken) that became a popular domestic franchise and grew at a phenomenal pace. The Japanese franchise of Kentucky Fried Chicken is presented, and a number of options of how to deal with the rapid changes in the international market, are outlined. The paper offers a possible solution for continued and improved success of Kentucky Fried Chicken Japan.
From the Paper "The most obvious transformation has taken place within the franchise field (which is really nothing more than a distribution system), where new organizational structures and international goals and desires are challenging managers to develop innovative constituency relationships. The idea of managerial constituencies is not a new one, and academic literature as far back as 1958 suggests that the manager has multiple obligations to multiple interest groups that include, but are not limited to, subordinates, superiors, fellow managers, stockholders and other financial stakeholders, and the local and global community (Schell & Marmer-Solomon, 1997)."
Abstract This paper is a comparison and synthesis of the movie "Chicken Run" with the article "Empowerment as a Trojan Horse" by Yates, Lewchuk and Stewart. The author points out that the film contains many elements of lean production, such as the prison atmosphere and confined space for the chickens. The paper states that, in real life workplaces, the workers also arecontrolled completely .
From the Paper "Although "Chicken Run" involves chickens attempting to survive automation, the film contains many point discussed by Yates, Lewchuk and Stewart in their article. Most especially, the film demonstrates the emphasis on automation and lean production. The impacts on the chickens and on humans are similar in many respects. Tweedy Chicken Farm is located in England, and is designed like a prison or a concentration camp. Surrounded by barbed wire fences and patrolled by Mr. Tweedy, the farm is made up of numerous buildings for the chickens that are spaced close together and have crowded conditions inside."
Abstract This paper reviews and analyzes the short story "Chicken Hips" by Catherine Pigott. The writer relates that she found the story very absorbing because of its gentle humor and the many lessons it teaches about what it is like to be a woman in a world where stereotypes abound. The paper then discusses the following issues from the story: the social construction of beauty, the life lesson of doing the right thing and not simply the popular thing, and the impressionability of human beings.
Table of Contents:
Outline of Paper
Why "Chicken Hips" Matters
From the Paper "Whereas North American - and European - women cut and shape and torment their bodies to fit some artificial construct of what constitutes true feminine beauty, women in Gambia, who have seen more desperation and suffering than most of their white colleagues can imagine, are interested in the things that really matter: health, fecundity, and a positive self-image. In the end, their culture is far less so an artificial one because the exigencies of daily living in a part of the world where drought and pestilence can rear up at any moment have made Gambian women appreciate that only those who never have to fear going without can actually afford to make the bizarre choice of going without."
Tags: humor, narrator, self-image, culturally-constructed, health
Abstract This paper is a case study of Perdue Chickens, answering a series of questions about the company, its strategies, its culture, and changes over time. The paper notes the importance of leadership, dedication to quality, and the development of its workforce.
From the Paper "Perdue Chickens is a company with several impressive aspects. First, from the beginning the company has had a dedication to quality which has benefited it greatly. At times such a dedication might reduce profits and increase waste, but in the long term it creates a reputation that benefits the company greatly. Second, the company has been willing from the first to restructure in the face of a changing environment. The company responds well to different market opportunities, to needs to reduce costs where possible, and to chances to vertically integrate when that is the best way to increase efficiency, save money, and assure a quality product. Third, in more recent yeas, the company has shifted to a people-oriented corporate structure, showing a recognition of the benefits of having a good and loyal workforce and the value of treating employees well to get the best out of them."
Abstract The paper discusses and analyzes the chapter entitled "Some People Push Back" in Ward Churchill's book "On the Justice of Roosting Chickens". The paper explains Churchill's argument that the violence the US promotes will eventually come to have serious repercussions on the peace and security of the nation, as demonstrated by the 9/11 attacks. The paper contends, however, that Churchill's view cannot be seen as viable since it does not take into account the ever evolving historical developments and the factors that can influence decisions.
Outline:
Introduction
Summary
From the Paper "Ward Churchill has been a vivid critic of the use of violence. He has argued for an end to violence from all the parties involved. However, in his book, "On the Justice of Roosting Chickens" he discusses the way in which the United States has been using violence as a means to conduct politics. The most recent event that enabled him to develop his thesis on the need to stop violence was the war in Iraq, viewed as one of the most tragic events in recent history. This impression was not necessarily constructed from the perspective given by the number of victims of the war, or the casualties suffered by both sides, but rather from the perspective of the issues it entangles. He argues in his book that the violence the US promotes, regardless of the reason for which it follows this course will eventually come to have serious repercussions on the peace and security of the nation."
Examines the growth of the chicken-based sector of the fast food industry. Focuses on new companies 'Boston Chicken', 'El Pollo Loco', and other small regional companies.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 6 sources, 1995, $ 39.95
From the Paper "Several new companies have entered the fast food business in the sector selling chicken. These companies have a difficult task facing their leadership given the leadership position held by Kentucky Fried Chicken and the degree of competition in different parts of the country. Some of these companies are counting on a shift in consumer tastes from fried chicken to rotisserie chicken, but competition remains strong in this sector as well. Among the new companies that are competing in this area are Boston Chicken, El Pollo Loco, and Kenny Rogers Roasters.
Boston Chicken has been growing rapidly. In Minneapolis-St. Paul, Boston Chicken is among the fastest growing companies in the franchise system. Patrick Clifton is the man responsible for this growth in the region, and he formerly was an ..."
Abstract This paper explains that the symptoms of campylobacter food poisoning usually present within 2-5 days after the consumption of the organism and include diarrhea, which may have blood or white blood cells in it, fever, abdominal pain, nausea, headache and muscle pain. The author points out that campylobacter is commonly found in raw chicken, raw milk and non-chlorinated water; the bacteria can be destroyed, thus preventing food poisoning, by cooking chicken, pasteurizing milk, and chlorinating drinking water. The paper relates that, although they are rare, there are a number of complications associated with the disease: Reactive arthritis, hemolytic uremic syndrome, septicemia and infections of organs, meningitis, recurrent colitis, acute cholecystitis and Guillain-Barre syndrome; the estimated case/fatality ratio for all C. jejuni infections is 0.1, meaning one death per 1,000 cases.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Cause and Nature
Victims and Extent of Disease
Complications
Foods and Outbreaks
Remedies
Conclusion
From the Paper "While there is usually only a small population of people affected at a time, generally fewer than 50, Bennington, VT experienced a "large outbreak involving about 2,000 people while the town was temporarily using a non-chlorinated water source as a water." Dairies can be responsible for outbreaks when children become infected during field trips, or if they do not properly pasteurize the milk according to industry standards, such as the case in 1986 when 32 students of an elementary school became infected."
Abstract This paper explains that the fast food industry is a lucrative and dominant market. The author points out that the powerhouse fast food chains, such as KFC, match the desire of their fast-paced customers for meals-on-the-go. The paper relates that KFC is a restaurant chain based in Louisville, Kentucky and owned by Yum! Brands, Inc. The author reports that KFC is a major global competitor in the fast food industry, renown for its fried chicken and other fast food offerings. The paper also relates that the recent demand for healthier living has been trumpeted by some of the fast food industry, such as Subway, a company that prides itself on healthier fast food alternatives. The author stresses that this health trend is not good news for KFC, a company that is famous for its unhealthy fried chicken --- and little else. The paper includes graphs.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Competitors
Corporate Governance
Trends Affecting the Fast Food Industry
Ethics and Social Responsibility
Stakeholders
External Environment
Internal Strengths and Weaknesses
External Opportunity and Threats
Issue Priority Matrix
Mapping Strategic Groups
Industry Matrix
Conclusion
From the Paper "The impact of the economy, culture, globalization, and legislation on KFC and the fast food industry at large has already been examined. However, the industry is impacted not only by political and societal influences, such as environmental responsibility and healthy eating, but also by technological advancements over recent years. In recent decades, the increased focus on technology, such as television, the Internet and advertising through these mediums, has proven beneficial for the industry. Fast food companies put a lot of money into television advertising, resulting in something of a "warring" atmosphere when it comes to producing the more effective commercial."
Abstract This paper describes an experiment conducted on a two-year old cocker spaniel to determine its food preferences. The paper reports that the study determined that dogs do exhibit food preferences, and in this case, have clearly shown a preference for beef hot dogs over chicken hot dogs. The paper describes the methodology and the details of the results. The paper points out that results of this study indicate that dog food not only should contain the needed vitamins and minerals but also should be gastronomically appealing to dogs so that pet owners will find little resistance when feeding them. The paper includes two tables.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Methodology
Test Animal
Food Preparation
Feeding Session
Data Gathering
Results
Table 1. Amount of Beef or Chicken Hotdog Consumed in Grams
Table 2. Summary
Discussion
Conclusion
From the Paper "During the first day of the study, it was observed that the dog had initially tasted almost equal portions of both the beef and chicken hot dogs, showing no outward preference for one over the other. During the second day of the study, the dog now preferred the beef hot dogs over the chicken, consuming twice the portion of the beef hot dog (55 grams and 45 grams of beef hot dog over 17 grams and 27 grams of chicken hot dog) during both feeding sessions. At this point, the researchers' fear that the dog would show no outward preference for either kind of hotdog were put to rest."
Abstract This paper is an analysis of Malcolm Gladwell?s,"The Tipping Point- How Little Things Can Make A Big Difference." It reviews the different theories posited in the book about how to market a product, the different factors that need to be considered when bringing a new product to market. Using examples from the book, the paper looks at what triggers were involved in turning around the images of Kentucky Fried Chicken and Hush Puppies. The paper suggests the ability to manipulate the 'tipping point' was key to their successful turnaround.
From the Paper "Yet another thought is that if social trends start slow and then pick up in momentum to become a tidal wave, marketers can well prepare for an anticipated "tipping point" by laying the ground for it in advance. Suppose, for example, socio-cultural forecasts predict an overwhelming increase in teenage boys who think "violence is uncool" and that "true machismo lies in outwitting and outmaneuvering your opponent". As a marketing manager of an entertainment brand such as a TV network, or video games, one could well prepare for such an eventuality by slowly and steadily bringing in at first, niche programming, that offers intelligentsia games and increasing the marketing weight behind such products as the trend favoring such type of entertainment increases. By doing so, it would be possible to be ready for ?the tipping point.'"
From the Paper "Kentucky Fried Chicken (KFC) is a company that markets its product around the world, and it is subject to different cultural and economic forces in different countries. Competition can be fierce, and in the United States there is considerable competition today in the chicken segment of the fast food market. KFC is the leader being challenged by El Pollo Loco, Kenny Rogers Roasters, Boston Chicken, Popeye Chicken, and others.
Rotisserie chicken is perhaps the fastest-growing food category in restaurants and supermarkets, and Kentucky Fried Chicken controls half of the $7-billion market for fried chicken. The company is a subsidiary of PepsiCo. In 1993-1994, the company spent more than $100 million to introduce its Rotisserie Gold line at 5,000 stores nationwide."
An examination of the changes needed within an organization called "Headless Chicken", and the leadership skills that are also required to implement these changes.
Abstract This paper investigates the nature of change within the organization and looks into the different leadership theories that have made their way into the marketplace in order to answer the following questions. What is the change process within an organization, and how can the organization prepare for and transact through meaningful, lasting change? What leadership style is the most effective for initiating lasting change? What are the differences between leadership, empowerment, and management, and how is the organization served by each?
From the Paper "Managing organizational change is much more complicated than teaching staff or personnel new tasks or replacing staff with new personnel. The new tasks, often based on new goals and objectives for the organization, will also have an effect on the organizations culture. The existing organizational culture will also have to adapt to the new priorities, and purposes which are included in the new tasks. In order for people to make the transition to the new processes, the organizational culture needs to be nurtured through the change process which will include three distinct steps. Then the organization will adapt to the new processes, new technology, and after testing the waters, establish a new equilibrium around the new identity."
Abstract The paper discusses how, although the fast food industry in general is lucrative, recent movement towards healthy living and eating has impacted negatively on the industry and its players. The paper relates that as KFC is primarily popular for its fried, unhealthy chicken products, the company has not adjusted to this threat at a competitive level. The paper examines KFC's management, the trends affecting the fast food industry, the company's ethics and social responsibility and their external environment.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Competitors
Corporate Governance
Trends Affecting the Fast Food Industry
Ethics and Social Responsibility
Stakeholders
External Environment
Internal Strengths and Weaknesses
External Opportunity and Threats
Conclusion
From the Paper "KFC, otherwise known as Kentucky Fried Chicken, is a restaurant chain based in Louisville, Kentucky, United States. Owned by Yum! Brands, Inc., KFC is a major competitor in the fast food industry, renown for its fried chicken and other fast food offerings. Though the company's presence is heavy in its birth country, America, it also performs well in the international fast food arena. KFC is popular not only in North America (including Canada) but Australia, New Zealand, Puerto Rico and China, where it is now the nation's most popular fast-food chain."
Abstract The paper relates that the fast food industry generally does well both domestically and internationally. The paper looks at the recent movement towards healthy living and eating that has impacted negatively on the industry. The paper discusses KFC's competition, corporate governance, ethics and social responsibility, stakeholders, internal strengths and weaknesses, and external opportunities and threats.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Competitors
Corporate Governance
Trends Affecting the Fast Food Industry
Ethics and Social Responsibility
Stakeholders
External Environment
Internal Strengths and Weaknesses
External Opportunity and Threats
Issue Priority Matrix
Mapping Strategic Groups
Industry Matrix
From the Paper "Though KFC, Yum! Brands, Inc., and the fast food industry in general are lucrative, recent movement towards healthy living and eating has impacted negatively on the industry and now comprises a significant long-term sociocultural environmental variable. Short term, the fast food industry generally does well both domestically and internationally owing to busy lifestyles and the growing number of adults who live alone and prefer take-out to cooking. However, the industry is now being threatened by healthier, swift, sophisticated and cheap alternatives, such as the current take-away sushi boom. Many existing players in the fast food industry have responded to this environmental threat by including healthy food options in their restaurants. Prominent examples include McDonalds and the newer entrant to the fast food market, Subway. However, as KFC is primarily popular for its fried (and therefore, unhealthy) chicken and related fried products, the company has not adjusted to this threat at a competitive level."
