Abstract
The paper discusses how the significant aspects of Nathan Phillip's Square that could be improved are directly related to the success of Times Square as an urban center that has applied the use of open space, but with a greater accessibility to consumers that would increase economic growth. The paper shows how by understanding the signature buildings in both of these squares, new developments could be made to make Nathan Square reflect a symbolic democracy by its openness and transparency.

Tags:toronto, nathan, square

Abstract
This paper presents a discussion about the incident at Tian An Men Square that is often referred to as a massacre. We are taken on an exploratory look at the events leading up to the massacre as well as the event itself. We then discuss the way the event has affected the Chinese people and its society.

Tags:ASIAN STUDIES / CHINA, tian an men square

Abstract
This paper explores the argument that the Tiananmen Square Massacre constituted an international crime and furthermore that it constituted genocide. This paper argues that it was not genocide and that it was not even an international crime, in the sense of a crime that impacts all humanity. Rather, it was a domestic response to a domestic situation. The paper claims that it was certainly a questionable response. However, it was an internal Chinese situation, not an international crime.

From the Paper
"It has been argued that the Tiananmen Square Massacre constituted an international crime, and furthermore that it constituted genocide. This paper will argue that it was not genocide, and furthermore that it was not even an international crime, in the sense of a crime that impacts all humanity. Rather, it was a domestic response to a domestic situation. It was certainly a questionable response. However, it was an internal Chinese situation, not an international crime. Furthermore, it was consistent with long-established ways in which the Chinese state has dealt with internal unrest. Punishing China for its ..."

Tags:tiananmen, square, china

Abstract
This paper discusses the preventable and unnecessary patient deaths that occur each year due to inaccurate administration of medications. As well as setting out the causes of medication administration errors, the paper describes the precautions that are set in place to prevents such errors and concludes that the use of barcodes is very likely the most reliable, efficient, cost-effective, and practicable method to reduce medication administration errors.

Outline:
Introduction - Mistakes in Medication Administration
Traditional Methods of Preventing Mistakes in Medication Administration
Comparing Traditional Methods of Preventing Mistakes in Medication Administration
The Use of Barcode Technology to Prevent Mistakes in Medication Administration
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Traditionally, implementation of the medication administrative record (MAR) procedure is thought to reduce medication administration errors. Medication administration record systems require nurses to record all medication administration immediately upon completion and to review previous entries prior to administrating medication. However, in practice, clinical studies have disclosed that nurses are somewhat less likely to comply strictly with the latter requirement, which significantly undermines the effectiveness of the MAR approach to reducing medication administration errors. Moreover, because the administrating practitioner is responsible for recording the entries, the potential for error extends to include that process itself, often serving merely to document rather than to prevent such errors from occurring."

Tags:administration, studies, methods

Abstract
The paper states that public administration is crucial to the achievement of developmental aims and that it is substantially inextricable from its wider governance and societal structures and social milieus. The paper relates that an important unit of analysis is the nature of institutions and the "inherently" perceived phenomenon of power dynamics. The concept of power is important in understanding the intra- and inter-organizational political dynamics and reality of public institutions. The paper further states that it is crucial to understand the nature and role of public administration in society in light of globalization and changing role of the state. Lastly, the paper looks at the evolving role of public administration as an instrument of the state in "serving" citizens.

Outline:
Power and Institutions
Intergovernmental Relations: Bargaining and Negotiating
Public Administration in Democratic Governance
UNDP Governance Characteristics
Role of Government
Development Goals (MDGs)

From the Paper
"Thus, there is an imminent need to provide for a more balanced and holistic perspective of power in institutions so as to mitigate its predatory consequences and ensure positive implications on current normative trend espousing respect for human rights and rights of minority. The benign conceptualization of power dynamics in political institution, in a way, has a terrible effect on policies and public administration as it would seem espousing for institutionalized discrimination and oppression while benefiting others (usually those holding power or associated with them)."

Tags:public, administration, power, institutions

Abstract
This paper analyzes and discusses the topic of public administration from different perspectives. In particular, the outlooks of three individuals who are currently in public administration are examined in detail. Additionally, included is a summary of what was learned from these discussions as well as a brief analysis of further learning in the field of public administration.

From the Paper
"This document discusses the topic of public administration. The viewpoints and perspectives of three individuals who are currently in public administration in one respect or another are examined. Additionally, included is a summary of what was learned from these discussions as well as a brief analysis of further learning in the field of public administration that is derived from this project."

Tags:pubic, administration, libation

Abstract
The paper describes how Woodrow Wilson, the 28th President of the United States, constantly struggled with the concept of effective administration and vigorous leadership in a democratic government. The paper looks at his "The Study of Administration", an essay in which he argued that to make the American democratic nation more economical and efficient, it would be a safe move to adopt the type of administration developed by the European monarchies. The paper discusses how it is commonly thought that many of the ideas presented in the essay were from the German school of thought, as Wilson's mentor while doing graduate work at John's Hopkins, heartily endorsed the German theories he had learned while abroad.

From the Paper
"Woodrow Wilson, the 28th President of the United States, constantly struggled with the concept of effective administration and vigorous leadership in a democratic government. In 1887, he penned, "The Study of Administration", an essay in which he argued that to make the American democratic nation more economical and efficient, it would be a safe move..."

Tags:wilson, administration, policy

Abstract
Successful management of the media is a key element of politics today. This paper assesses the manner, and extent to which, the US administration and the media cooperate to manufacture consent. It highlights the extent to which The New York Times merely restates the administration's position and relies principally on administration sources. The influence outside of the US, in Canada, is also briefly examined.

Tags:media, management, administration

Abstract
This paper critically analyzes the administration policies and ideas set forth in an essay by President Woodrow Wilson entitled "The Study of Administration". The paper describes Wilson's thoughts about using ministrant (function of the government) and constituent ideas to represent political and apolitical branches respectively and relates that constituent functions were given very important tasks, such as the protection of liberty, life, and property, while ministrant functions were necessary for advancing societal interests. The paper concludes that Woodrow Wilson attempted to outline a coherent and somewhat revolutionary idea about public administration and politics and how each should be separate, yet work together.

From the Paper
"Wilson was determined to make reforms and labeled areas that were functions of the government "ministrant" and those that were not, or were apolitical, he labeled "constituent" (Clements 320). These constituent functions were given very important tasks, such as the protection of liberty, life, and property, while ministrant functions were necessary for advancing the societal interests (320). Although these labels appear to be incorrectly given as ministrant areas were given what really appeared to be political functions such as labor regulation, communications, transportation maintenance, education, and conservation efforts."

Tags:wilson, public, administration, policy, politics

Abstract
This paper relates that a sample of 200 university students, who have been diagnosed with clinical depression, were surveyed using questionnaires in order to test the correlation factor between clinical depression and illegal drug use. The paper points out that questionnaires revealed that 68% of the students had responded in the affirmative when questioned if they had used illegal drugs while battling clinical depression. The paper indicates that these results prove that clinically depressed students often seek to escape their stressful situations through the hallucinatory trance effect offered by illegal drugs. The paper also includes a description of the methodology and a table.

Table of Contents:
Abstract
Introduction
Methodology
Results
Discussion

From the Paper
"In university and academic campuses all over the world, students increasingly feel the need to excel in their academic life as well as effectively play multi-faceted roles in their familial and societal lives. Burdened with increasing academic loads, parental and peer pressure, students often become depressed and withdrawn when they fail to meet expectations. While some students are quick to recover and once again join the academic fray, for others however, the depressive symptoms linger for much longer."

Tags:hypothesis, temporary escape, sample population, chi-square administration