Abstract
In this article, the writer provides a chronological history of the Cherokee nation. The writer notes that while an effort is made to focus this paper on the Cherokee who lived near to New Echota it is not possible to limit the focus of this paper to New Echota while simultaneously providing a chronological history of the Cherokee people.

From the Paper
"The purpose of this paper is to provide a chronological history of the Cherokee Nation. The capital of the Cherokee Nation prior to the removal was New Echota which was located within the geographic boundaries of the State of Georgia. While an effort is made to focus this paper on the Cherokee who lived near to New Echota it is not possible to limit the focus of this paper to New Echota while simultaneously providing a chronological history of the ..."

Tags:Cherokee, history

Abstract
This paper examines the history of the Cherokee Nation during the period between the first European contact to the American Civil War. An emphasis is on the role of the Cherokee people as a socially and politically motivated people who were wronged by the U.S. government.

Abstract
This paper reviews John Ehle's book, "Trail of Tears", which provides a thorough review of the Cherokee people, starting from their first encounter with Europeans. The paper presents the book's argument that the Cherokee efforts to adopt and adapt to the cultural achievements of whites, while advancing their own culture, fundamentally shaped their history.

From the Paper
"In Trail of Tears, John Ehle poignantly depicts the unique struggle of the Cherokee to defend against the onslaught of the advancing "white storm." As they initially realized the futility of violent resistance, the Cherokee enthusiastically devoted themselves to ensuring the societal advancements that would grant them peaceful and prosperous co-existence with the whites. Thanks to the visionary leadership of individuals such as Major Ridge, the tribe successfully fought off internal division, reactionary traditionalism, and white interference in order to forever disprove the fallacy that Indians were incapable of "civilization.""

Tags:indian, jackson, Tenskatawa

Abstract
This paper discusses the transportation by force of the Cherokee nation from their native lands to Oklahoma that was mandated by the U.S. government in 1838. While it was Jackson's successor, Martin Van Buren, who would order the forced march that became known as the "Trail of Tears", the policies that led to the forced removal had begun in 1830 under Jackson with the Indian Removal Act. The writer describes the horrors of the march and its devastating effects on the Cherokees as well as the other Indians who were driven out with them. The writer discusses the historical and political background behind the relocation, and the reasons for Jackson's deep-seated hatred and resentment of the Cherokees. The writer also describes the attempts by the Cherokees to negotiate with the U.S. government prior to the march and other circumstances leading up to the march, and concludes with a brief note on what happened to them after their arrival in Oklahoma.

From the Paper
"The Cherokee nation had, at one time, spanned the territories now known as the Carolinas to Florida and West to Mississippi. Over the course of several millennia, the Cherokee had banded together five tribes, each with its place in a relatively democratic political structure, where respect for the rule of law was absolute, and their culture significantly advanced. Education was paramount, they maintained a very solid and reliable economy, and they maintained the belief that they could successfully co-exist with the Americans. This, of course, would prove to be exceptionally naive when it came to Jackson. Where he had failed in his youth, he was certainly able to get back at the Cherokee decades later."

Tags:racist eviction land-hungry obsolescence genocide, Monroe Doctrine, Supreme Court, opposition exposure anti-Indian

Abstract
This paper discusses and explores the history of the Cherokee Nation from their creation story to the present. It further examines how the Cherokees lost their independence due largely to land-hungry Europeans. The Cherokee return today to a greater degree of sovereignty is also highlighted.

From the Paper
" Long before Europeans arrived in what would become North America, native peoples including the Cherokee nation of the southern Appalachian region had created complex social systems and lifestyles that would ultimately be challenged and in many instances virtually destroyed by the influx of land-hungry Europeans. At issue in this brief report is an analysis of the development of the Cherokee Nation from their creation story to the present. During this period the Cherokees enjoyed independence, lost it, struggled to regain some..."

Tags:American Indians, Cherokee, Anglo, land, culture

Abstract
This paper discusses the forced relocation of the Cherokee nation, called the Trail of Tears, that caused these Native Americas, who prided themselves on equality, to experience direct prejudice and discrimination. The paper describes the groundwork for this relocation that commenced 1802 even though the Trail of Tears did not take place until 1838. The paper further relates that one-fourth of the Cherokee died on the forced relocation march, that the ground of the new land to which they were forced to relocate was infertile, and that the resources which they had grown accustom through assimilation and efforts to coexist with their new neighbors, were now very scarce. A map and a copy of a painting are included in the paper.

From the Paper
"Over the next two years, the Cherokee people prepared to move, but most still thought their true leader, John Ross, would negotiate a way out of the treaty. Because of this belief in their leader, by the time 1838 rolled around, the Cherokee people were not ready to move. Therefore, Jackson appointed General John Wool to lead these people to their new forced home in the then Oklahoma Territory. However, Wool quickly resigned to side with the Cherokee nation. Then, Jackson appointed General Winfield Scott to carry out the task Wool refused, and he did this with the first group of 3,000 unprepared Cherokee Indians in June of 1838."

Tags:cataclysmic georgia assimilated, indian removal act, court

Abstract
A discussion regarding how in recent years, mainstream society has "re-discovered" Native Americans after a period of forgetfulness. Needless to say, one of the more prominent of all the Native North American peoples has been the Cherokee - perhaps because few other native tribes (at least to this writer's knowledge) have enjoyed the territorial, geographic reach of the Cherokee nation - a nation with tribes in the Virginias, the Carolinas, and the Southern United States. This paper looks at America's Cherokee tribes and explores the manner in which their approach to warfare since the arrival of the "white man".

Tags:cherokee, nation, warfare

Abstract
This paper provides an argument that the Cherokee removal to the west of the Mississippi in the 1840s was largely based on prejudice, politics, and power by the U.S. federal and state governments. The paper shows how these were all factors that contributed to the decimation of the Cherokee nation. The paper highlights the role of women in opposing the removal.

From the Paper
"The growing number of whites in the United States and the increasing debates over federal versus states rights helped lead to the removal of the Cherokee from East of the Mississippi. While the Cherokee nation was never united in opposition to the removal, few Cherokee accepted the Georgia or United States government's rationale for removal. Some of the strongest support against removal came from women, but the biggest threat to the Cherokee came in the form of a much more powerful..."

Tags:Georgia, Trail of Tears, treaties, illness, Catharine Beecher, John Ross, Native Americans

Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that intolerance of native religion is a theme that pervades Native-American studies, as the conditions that many Indian nations suffered were guised with a highly religiously motivated idea of manifest destiny. The writer discusses that the Cherokee nation was no exception, as many members sought to live a life that was chosen for them, rather than made by choice. The writer points out that early in the Cherokee history there were struggles with conversion, indoctrination and intolerance of traditional ways. The modern Cherokee movement has tended to meld Christianity, forced upon them by white society, with the spirit of the old knowledge and religion, which like many other native nations was a core aspect of life. The writer concludes that this movement was so effective that the resurgence of Native-American religion today is a revival attempting to make sure that the traditions do not die and that the oldest of the generations has the opportunity to build and spread the faith and language of the elders.

From the Paper
"The Cherokee had a structured egalitarian society and in many ways were very "civilized" from the start with structured towns, rather than nomadic villages that moved with the seasons, a credit given to many other nations and part of the reason they were designated as one of five civilized tribes. The Cherokee were divided into seven clans, as seven was a sacred number to them and they had a war chief and a peace chief, Red Chief and White Chief, with a head medicine man that decided quarrels between the two chiefs who really worked in cooperation to rule the nation. Lineage was patrilinial and matrilineal with the father than the maternal grandmother sharing lineal duties such as naming children and such. The nation also had a subsistence economy where commodity was currency and there was little need for cash, the nation in fact resisted labor employment even into the beginning of the 20th century."

Tags:Indian, tribes, belief, expression

Abstract
This paper relates that the biography of Wilma Mankiller is of great importance to the understanding of the cultural identity struggle of Native-Americans. The paper discusses her contributions towards the rebuilding of the Cherokee nation after the Trial of Tears or Cherokee Removal during the years 1838-1839.

From the Paper
"Mankiller was born in 1945 in Tahlequah, Oklahoma, which is seen as the heart of the Cherokee nation. When she was ten years old she moved with her parents to San Francisco, with one of the government programs for relocation, which made it possible for the Native Americans to move from their traditional lands to urban areas. Later, Wilma met her first husband, Hugo Olaya, but their marriage eventually terminated because she became increasingly devoted to Native American problems, of which he strongly disapproved. Her first major political action was her involvement in the movement initiated by a group of Native Americans who occupied the Alcatraz island in 1969."

Tags:Trial, of, Tears, cultural, identity, feminism, Native, Americans