Abstract
The paper discusses how Cheney proves that Tesla's work and pioneering research on rotating magnetic fields paved the way for the existence of the current, illuminated world. The paper asserts that Cheney's work is pioneering, because it rewrites invention history in many respects, stressing that the commonly embraced brand names of Edison and Marconi may need to be questioned by historians to give a full picture of history. The paper shows how this biography is an important reminder that history does not always give full credit to genius and innovation.

From the Paper
"To list Tesla's innovations in scientific research would almost take more space than could be accorded by the length and span reserved for this review. Tesla's work and pioneering research on rotating magnetic fields paved the way for the existence of the current, illuminated world, more so than Edison's, according to Cheney, and gave the world everything from radios to X-rays. However, Tesla proved out of step, or out of time, with the need to establish close friendships in the technical community. He also lacked the necessary flexibility within his personality to make use of the structures of funding of American business and federal funding in an effective fashion."

Tags:inventor, patent, credit, innovation

Abstract
This paper discusses the book, "Worse Than Watergate: The Secret Presidency of George W. Bush" written by John W. Dean. The paper examines the implications of the book for modern American education. The paper contends that the book provides an eye-opening look at Bush and Cheney's abuses of power and of many of the reasons they have so far gotten away with such abuses, to their greater benefit but to the detriment of other Americans.

From the Paper
"The book Worse Than Watergate: The Secret Presidency of George W. Bush, by John W. Dean (Little, Brown, 2004) has as its central theme the excessive secrecy of what Dean calls the "Bush-Cheney presidency (xi) or the "Bush and Cheney presidency" (21)since, according to Dean, Cheney, not Bush, often makes key decisions. Dean asserts that "in many ways it is a co-presidency" (11), with Bush as the front man, and Cheney, being the actual decision-maker, preferring the shadows. Both men are excessively secretive, and their secretiveness, argues Dean, threatens democracy, liberty, and public accountability, and also encourages incompetence by allowing Bush and Cheney to escape public scrutiny (185-88). Moreover, Dean portends the potentially harmful effects the Bush-Cheney presidency has had, and may continue to have, on the rights and protections of average American citizens, and on the constitutional divisions and checks and balances of the executive, legislative, and judicial branches of government (ix-xvii)."

Tags:cheney, government, white, house

Abstract
The paper examines American political history, and shows how scandals have carried serious implications for the politicians involved. The paper discusses the affair between President Clinton and White House intern Monica Lewinsky, Richard Nixon's Watergate scandal, the Bush-Cheney team's alleged election fraud and finally, Governor Rod Blagojevich's attempt to sell President-Elect Barack Obama's senate seat. The paper points out how attempts by the guilty to cover-up their wrongdoing affects public opinion more adversely than the crime itself.

From the Paper
"On January 21, 1998, the Washington Post printed a story that revealed an affair between President Clinton and White House intern Monica Lewinsky. (Schmidt) The details of the affair leaked when Lewinsky's confidant, Linda Tripp, told Special Investigator Kenneth Starr about the affair.
"Eventually, the investigation would lead to Clinton providing depositions in court. During the deposition, Clinton divulged that he did have an improper relationship with Mrs. Lewinsky. (Schmidt) His admission at this stage led to perjury charges, and as an additional penalty, Clinton was disbarred from practicing cases before the Supreme Court. (Gearan) Congress then voted to impeach the President. Ultimately, Clinton was acquitted in the Senate, and was allowed to remain in office. The Monica Lewinsky affair proved to be a political scandal because it exposed government officials telling lies to the public. Even though it was s sex scandal, the repercussions from the scandal were political in nature. Republicans accused democrats of being immoral, and mendacious."

Tags:trust, truth, affair, Watergate, Bush-Cheney, election, Senate, seat

Abstract
Bob Woodward's "Bush at War" depicts a confident, charismatic President Bush who knows what he wants and uses the resources of his cabinet to discover the best method for achieving his goal. This is not to say that he won't listen to his advisors, but his focus is on making reality conform to his vision rather than vice versa. The paper examines how some of Bush's advisors, such as George Tenet, Donald Rumsfeld and Dick Cheney, are depicted in the book as taking a hard-line stance on America's war against the Taliban in Afghanistan, while others, such as Condoleeza Rice and Colin Powell, voiced concerns about the U.S. war effort. Bush listened to both sides and, although he decided to invade Afghanistan in the wake of September 11, the plan was affected by the input of those who had concerns about the war. The paper shows that ultimately, Woodward paints the picture of an administration firmly controlled by the president, but also shows that the vibrant and sometimes heated debates within the administration do ultimately affect policy.

From the Paper
"The precipitating event, of course, for the invasion of Afghanistan was the September 11, 2001, attacks on America. Following a string of evidence which had mounted from previous attacks on American targets, including the previous attempt at bombing the World Trade Center, the administration decided that the terrorist force known as Al-Qaeda was responsible for the attacks and that much of the financial backing and overarching organizational structure of Al-Qaeda lay in the hands of Osama bin Laden. Since, bin Laden was known to be in Afghanistan, and since Afghanistan's ruling Islamic fundamentalist government, the Taliban, controlled the country and was known to support terrorists, the U.S. decided invasion was necessary to strike back at the terrorists in the heart of their organization."

Tags:911, Dick, Cheney, Al-Qaeda, World, Trade, Center

Abstract
This paper discusses the ethics of government secrecy in the Bush Administration. The paper discusses the Freedom of Information Act, the post-911 immigration detainees, government withholding information from the public post-911, and Cheney's refusal to disclose the names of those in his energy task force. The paper puts these actions into an ethical context by quoting Machiavelli and Hobbes.

From the Paper
"United Nations analyst Ian Thomas tried to get a thirty-year old map of Africa from the National Archives in March 2002 in order to plan a relief mission. He could not get the maps because the United States government no longer makes them public. An environmentalist, John Coequyt, was denied access to an online database of listings of chemical plants that violate pollution laws from the Environmental Protection Agency. Kate Martin, a civil rights lawyer, asked for a court order the names of the foreigners detained since the September 11th terrorist attacks and was told by the Justice Department that that information was secret."

Tags:cheney, energy, ethics, hobbes, machiavelli, president, taskforce, vice

Abstract
This paper analyzes the role of presidential surrogates in shaping and influencing U.S. foreign policy, as well as in garnering public support for policy decisions. The paper defines surrogates as presidential spokespeople. In particular, the paper examines the following figures from 2003: Laura Bush, Dick Cheney, John Ashcroft, Condoleezza Rice, Donald Rumsfield and Colin Powell.

From the Paper
"The president of the United States functions as the head of government but his views, programs and policies are often articulated by members of the Executive Branch. Included in the Executive Branch are the various Cabinet members..."

Tags:presidential surrogates Bush Administration, COlin Powell, DOnald Rumsfeld

Abstract
The paper relates that one of the most prevalent problems associated with leadership today is the problem of government corruption at every level of the spectrum. The paper discusses the Watergate scandal of government abuse of power and corruption. The paper looks at President Bill Clinton's impeachment and the corrupt business deals surrounding the Iraq war that have implicated President George W. Bush and Vice President Cheney. The paper also examines the corruption involved in the United Nations Oil for Food Program. The paper contends that the global community must be bold in the pursuit of bringing political bandits to justice by establishing independent investigatory bodies.

Outline:
Introduction
The Media and Government Corruption

From the Paper
"As globalization leads us towards a world economy, it becomes necessary to consider leadership in the world community. One of the most prevalent problems associated with leadership today is the problem of government corruption at every level of the spectrum. Corruption is not a problem that is unique to any one government, but often times depending on the resources at stake, such as conflict diamonds, becomes indicative of the corruption and level of the corruption associated with the resource."

Tags:Watergate, Nixon, Clinton, scandal, Oil, for, Food, conflict, diamonds

Abstract
This paper explains that Bob Woodward's "Bush at War" consists largely of day-by-day juxtapositions of accounts of what American leaders, such as President Bush, Vice President Cheney, Secretary of Defense Rumsfeld and others, were, according to Woodward, thinking and saying about the war in Afghanistan compared with what was actually occurring. The author points out that Woodward uses a distinct approach to writing non-fiction in that (1) he tries to obtain the maximum amount of information on his subject through interviews, documents, transcripts and recordings and (2) then uses this information to re-create the event in the form of a story with an omniscient narrator, present tense events and dialogue; thereby, his books read like fiction novels featuring strong characterization. The paper relates that some of Woodward's critics accuse him of abandoning critical inquiry to maintain his access to high-profile political actors; others praise his detached and evenhanded style for allowing readers to absorb the facts and come to their own conclusions.

From the Paper
"In a series of articles published in January 2002, Woodward and Dan Balz described the events at Camp David in the aftermath of September 11. These articles later became the basis for this book. Woodward has spent more time than any other journalist with President George W. Bush while in office, interviewing him four times for more than seven hours total. His most recent two books, Bush at War (2002) and Plan of Attack (2004), are detailed accounts of the Bush presidency, including the response to the 9-11 terrorist attacks and the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq."

Tags:non-fiction, interviews, e-create, characterization, afghanistan

Abstract
This paper explains that Halliburton, its subsidiaries, and subcontractors play a prominent role in Iraq by providing a wide range of services, including fighting oil fires, pumping oil, supplying soldiers with hot meals, shelters and beds, and transporting materials across dangerous stretches of road. The author points out that, while the company offers incentives for employees to work in Iraq, it is experiencing a high rate of employment turnover due to the dangers many employees face on a daily basis. The paper relates that, although the company has come under scrutiny in recent years due to its involvement with Vice-President Cheney and its accounting practices, it has still managed to win billion-dollar military contracts due to its expertise in the oil service industry.

Table of Contents
Introduction
Halliburton Oil
Providing Services
Kellogg, Brown, and Root
Private Over Military
Fighting Fires
Improving Oil Production
A Year of Hard Work
The Price of Danger
The Most Dangerous Job
High Turnover
Code of Business Conduct
Chow Billing
Overcharging for Oil
War for Profit?
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Halliburton Oil is a "service firm for the oil and gas industry that currently has more than 24,000 employees and subcontractors in Iraq." The company, which was established in 1919, is based in Houston, Texas and "describes itself as one of the world's largest providers of products and services to the petroleum and energy industries."
The company was "headed by Vice President Richard Cheney before he accepted Bush's invitation to be his running mate in the 2000 presidential election. Cheney is credited with dramatically expanding Halliburton's operations by bringing in billions of dollars in new contracts, but has repeatedly denied any role in company operations after his departure."

Tags:service, military, contracts, danger, turnover

Abstract
This paper analyzes and examines the multitude of issues related to the executive branch of government at the federal level. Part II examines the definition and applicability of executive privilege as seen by both the executive and legislative branches. In Part III, past and present controversial use of executive privilege in cases such as Enron and Watergate are outlined. Lastly, this paper concludes with recommendations for improving the use of executive privilege.

From the Paper
"After Vietnam and Watergate, the issue of executive privilege had not registered much of a blip on the radar. However, the recent Enron scandal has allowed Congress to question the validity of the executive privilege argument. In January 2002, Comptroller General David Walker, head of the non-partisan Government Accounting Office, announced that he would sue Vice President Dick Cheney in order to obtain information about the National Energy Policy Development Group that Cheney chaired last year. Walter contended that the unprecedented lawsuit was made necessary by Cheney's refusal to cooperate voluntarily."

Tags:enron, watergate, bush, president, corruption, protection, federal, national, nixon, cheney