Abstract
This paper discusses flavor aversion and its relevance to patients undergoing chemotherapy treatment. It looks at the role of classical Pavlovian conditioning in establishing food and flavor aversions, and ways to counteract them. The paper also points out the importance of this phenomenon in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.

From the Paper
"This paper concerns the topic of flavor aversion which develops in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. It is an interesting subject to me because I have known people undergoing such treatment and many of my friends have had family members or friends who have had to undergo chemotherapy treatment for cancer. The one thing that all these people notice is that they can no longer enjoy their favorite foods. One reason is because chemotherapy is very non-specific and is aimed at killing dividing cells.

Tags:Pavlovian conditioning, aversion, chemotherapy

Abstract
This paper discusses metastatic breast cancer, cancer that originates in the breast and moves to lymph nodes and other bodily tissues. It provides a research study on its treatment using high-dose chemotherapy (HDC) followed by an autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT). It analyzes its efficacy and safety as well as some of the arguments that state that the effectiveness of HDC/ASCT may vary according to various non-treatment related factors-- age, stage of disease at diagnosis, hormone receptor status, use of prior adjuvant chemotherapy, initial disease-free interval, response to prior chemotherapy and number and sites of metastases. The paper includes tables of figures and diagrams.

Outline
Abstract
Introduction
Current Research
Efficacy
Safety
Future Prospects

From the Paper
"Stress is another factor affecting treatment outcomes because high levels of stress may directly impact patients; both their mental and physical health. A study on post-traumatic stress disorder in stem cell transplant patients confirmed harmful effects on patients' quality of life. This study was not limited to patients with metastatic breast cancer, but was completed in a similar way as the previously mentioned studies that recorded personal health. Patients were asked to fill out questionnaires to judge if they were suffering from post-traumatic stress as a result of stem cell transplant. It was reported that the week before the transplant, approximately half of the patients had the highest levels of distress, which declined only slightly after the transplant was completed (Wettergren et al., 1999). The body's response to stress is complicated involving several organs, hormones and responses. This is extra energy that the body is expending and is therefore less able to focus on the task of recovery."

Tags:stress, lymph, nodes, disorder, leukemia

Abstract
This paper discusses the various forms of chemotherapy. The paper describes the different possible side effects of chemotherapy, outlining short term and long term side effects.

From the Paper
"Cancer is a disease of the body's cells. Cells in all the tissues and organs of the body constantly grow and divide to swap old and damaged cells and maintain the health of the body. Normally, all cells divide and reproduce themselves in a systematic and controlled manner. In cancer, however, some cells keep dividing without proper control, forming a lump (which is called a tumor). In leukemia, too many white blood cells are formed. Chemotherapy is the use of anti-cancer (cytotoxic) drugs to destroy cancer cells (including leukemia's and lymphomas). There are over 50 different chemotherapy drugs and some are given on their own, but often numerous drugs may be combined (this is known as combination chemotherapy). The type of treatment one are given for ones cancer depends on many things, particularly the type of disease one have, where in the body it started, what the cancer cells look like under the microscope and how far they have spread, if at all."

Tags:cytotoxic, leukemia, lymphoma, tumor, stomatitis, esophagitis, daunorubicin, doxorubicin

Abstract
This paper describes gallium-based chemotherapeutic drugs. Included is a brief discussion of the history and development of these drugs, clinical uses for gallium, and problems with gallium chemotherapy. Also included is a discussion of potential alternate uses for gallium drugs, including using gallium as an antiviral or to combat hypercalcemia.

From the Paper
"Gallium is a naturally occurring group IIIa heavy metal. Because of its low melting temperature (303 K), chemists have long used gallium industrially as a component of low-melting alloys. It has only been within the last forty years, however, that scientists have studied gallium in medicine. Following the serendipitous discovery of platinum's antitumor properties in the late 1960s, the U.S. National Cancer Institute started a systematic study of several metallic elements to see if they too might display anticancer effects. While all of the Group IIIa elements (boron, aluminum, gallium, and thallium) displayed significant cytotoxic activity, gallium was the most active and least toxic of these metals when tested against animal tumors.1 Later, in a separate development, researchers noted gallium's ability to localize in bone, leading clinicians to use 67Ga citrate in some diagnostic bone scans. In the 1970s, a physician conducting such a scan observed quite accidentally that gallium accumulated in nonosseous malignant tissue as well.2 Indeed, further tests showed that gallium was the only IIIa metal to display cytotoxic activity when inoculated at a site other than the tumor itself.1 These unique properties spurred a great deal of research interest in developing gallium-based chemotherapeutic agents."

Tags:cancer, chemotherapeutic, cisplatin, hypercalcemia, hypocalcemia

Abstract
This paper discusses how income can influence the care of cancer patients. According to the paper, those in higher income groups have greater access to better treatment and care. This paper extends to peer-reviewed studies of ovarian cancer in African-American and white women in general. The paper aims to isolate case studies and scientific investigations that provide additional insights into the guiding research questions concerning the impact of income level on access to chemotherapy treatment for ovarian cancer.

Outline:
Introduction
Statement of Problem
Importance of Study
Scope of Study
Rationale of Study
Methodology

From the Paper
"Furthermore, researchers report that ovarian cancer has the highest mortality rate among all female reproductive system cancers among African American women because the disease is not diagnosed in most cases until it has reached advanced stages; fortunately, though, there are promising clinical trials underway that focus on chemotherapy (Health hotline, 2003). Clearly, then, early detection and treatment are vital components of an effective clinical intervention, but healthcare resources are by definition scarce and therefore can be reasonably expected to go to those who have the ability to pay for them. Indeed, lower-income women in general do not have access to the same level of medical care, nor can they always afford to take time off from work, if they are employed, to seek such care, as their white middle-class counterparts (Kinnon, 1999). "

Tags:economic, medical, insurance, single, parent, ovarian

Abstract
A technical analysis of conventional and non-conventional approaches to various cancers, focusing on radiation, drugs, chemotherapy, interdisciplinary cooperation and the future.

From the Paper
"Paradigm Shift in Cancer Research andTreatment
Introduction
Some people consider the cooperation and coordination of scientists in physics, chemistry, and biology in the development of technological advances that can be applied to such tasks as the treatment of cancer to reflect a paradigm shift in the approach to cancer research and treatment. Others, such as Drs. Schacter and Williams (15), however, believe that the cooperation and coordination among these disciplines began so long ago and is now so well entrenched in scientific behavior that far from reflecting a paradigm shift, cooperation and coordination among physicists, chemists, and biologists in cancer research and treatment is the conventional approach to treating cancer.
Up ..."

Abstract
This paper explores the current state of the art treatment practices for patients that have been diagnosed with stage III or greater non-small cell lung cancer. The paper examines the three most prominent treatment options for patients with this condition as single treatments, and in combination with other therapies. The key objective of this research proposal is to understand these different treatment modalities and to highlight the one that has the greatest effect on increasing the lifespan of the patient. The paper outlines the methodology that will be used in the study.

Outline:
Abstract
Chapter 1: Introduction
Chapter 2: Literature Review
Chapter 3: Methodology

From the Paper
"Approximately $9.6 billion is spent in the United States each year on the treatment of lung cancer. Almost 60% of patients diagnosed with lung cancer die within one year of their diagnosis and nearly 75% die within 2 years (American Lung Association, 2009). The prognosis for lung cancer remains dismal, with a 5-year survival rate of only 14%. The healthcare dollars spent on treating lung cancer is a problem for everyone, supporting the need for this study.
"Even with improvements in technology and treatments and the prognosis is still poor for mime cancer patients. Lung cancer accounts for nearly 29% of all cancer deaths (American Lung Association, 2009). Lung cancer is tragic for the person who is diagnosed. However, the money and resources needed to treat them places a strain on already stressed medical system. The burthen on the economy is enormous, making lung cancer a priority for society.
"One cancer comes in two forms. Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) accounts for nearly 10% to 15% of all lung cancers. In SCLC the cancer consists of small cells, which tend to spread quickly and widely throughout the body. Once the cancer has spread beyond the lungs, surgery is typically not an option because one cannot pinpoint all of this cancer sites. Treatment for SCLC includes drugs to kill the widespread disease. However, it might be noted this type of cancer is very difficult to stop. SCLC is usually caused by smoking, and is rarely seen in nonsmokers (American Lung Association, 2009)."

Tags:metastasis, carcinoma, prognosis, surgery, comorbidity

From the Paper
"Breast Cancer Treatment in the Elderly
More people are surviving to old age than ever before. In the elderly, cancer is a quite common occurrence; only the circulatory diseases are seen more frequently. One type of cancer, breast cancer, frequently occurs in elderly women. Currently, there is some controversy over how the elderly breast cancer patient should be managed.


In the next several decades, the number of older persons in the United States is expected to double in size (7:2507). By the year 2030, over 65 million Americans, or one in five, will be 65 years of age or older. Furthermore, even within this population of seniors, significant age.shifts will occur. In general, the old will become older: by the year 2000, almost 48% of the elderly will be over 75 years of age. It is within this group that cancer..."

From the Paper
"COLON CANCER: ETIOLOGY, SYMPTOMS, DIAGNOSIS, AND TREATMENT
Colon cancer is the second most prevalent cancer in the United States, lung cancer being the first. It is also second to lung cancer in mortality rate (19:816). In 1990 there were about 155,000 new cases of colorectal cancer reported, and 61,000 deaths. The incidence in the general population is 5% (15:80). Although the number of cases is increasing, the rate is proportional to the population increase (8:301).
Yet in spite of the high incidence of colon cancer, we still do not have a sound basis for delineating the causes and mechanism of colon carcinoma growth (15:80). Nor do we have a means of curing the disease in every case. The five-year survival rate is about 50% (10:241). Nevertheless considerable advances have been made within the last 10 years in confirming the.."

From the Paper
"MARIJUANA LEGAL FOR MEDICAL PURPOSES
Introduction
This research paper presents the topic of legalization of marijuana for medical purposes. Claims regarding medical use, with support for arguments are discussed. Predictions regarding the issues are concluded.

Legalization for Medical Purpose
California voters passed the Medical Marijuana initiative in 1996. This law allows for the physician to recommend marijuana for compassionate use. This resulted in a fierce response from the federal government which believes that evidence is lacking regarding beneficial effects of marijuana use; legal use is believed to send the wrong message to young people. These fears are not confirmed, a survey demonstrated that 83 percent of.."