Abstract Essay on Italian chemist Basolo. Summary of his early life and education. His academic background. Love of teaching. His educational philosophy. His move to the United States. Cites his many honors and awards. His legacy to students of inorganic chemistry. Based on the book PRIESTLEY MEDALIST: A CHEMIST FROM COELLO, by M. Jacoby.
From the Paper "Fred Basolo was born in Coello, a coal mining village with a population of roughly 300, in 1920. Basolo's parents had emigrated from the Piedmont region of Northern Italy to escape poverty and famine. He became interested in chemistry in high school. He took a lab course run reluctantly by a home economics teacher who was given the job of teaching the course on Saturdays. The students read the lab book and did a few experiments and Basolo's interest in chemistry was kindled. His principal recommended that Basolo attend college, but he needed some convincing since none of his siblings had even gone to high school and no one in Coello, his home town, had ever gone to college.
Basolo attended the Southern Illinois Normal school in nearby Carbondale, a low-cost school that offered only one type of..."
Abstract This paper outlines the strategic development of Boots the Chemists, company by analyzing what kind of strategies it adopted and what kind of steps should be taken to rectify the failures.
Abstract The paper reveals that Pauling has been labeled the premier chemist of the twentieth-century for his work and awards. The paper describes Pauling's birth and childhood, college life, family life, and his many accomplishments. This includes his works on crystal structures, the nature of chemical bonds, the use of Vitamin C to maintain and restore health, as well as his efforts to bring about world peace.
Outline:
Thesis Statement
I. Linus Carl Pauling
II. Accomplishments
From the Paper "You can find Linus Carl Pauling in many areas of research. This man basically wore a coat of many colors. Pauling was a chemist, physicist, humanitarian, nutrition expert, author, educator, and family man. Having accomplishments that are a mile long--Pauling has been labeled the premier chemist of the twentieth-century for his work and awards. (Wiki, 2007)
"Linus Carl Pauling, was born on February 28, 1901, in the town of Portland, Oregon. (Hutchinson, 1999) His parents were Herman and Isabelle Pauling, and he had two younger sisters. Pauling's, father died in 1910, leaving his mother and the children to make it on their own. Pauling continued on through high school, but did not graduate; because the high school required everyone to take a civics class and Pauling, felt he could learn civics on his own."
Abstract This paper is an in-depth examination of the periodic table. The author begins with some background on atomic knowledge, and then looks at the ancient Greek scholars who influenced the early table. Early atomic theory, and the discovery of distinct weights are discussed in detail. The author pays specific attention to Russian chemist Dmitri Mendeleev, whose scientific work in the late 1880s provided the breakthrough in the construction of this table and remains the basis for the model used today.
From the Paper "Mendeleev completed the table in 1869, when 63 known elements existed. As Mendeleev said, ?if all the elements can be arranged in order of their atomic weights a periodic repetition of properties is obtained.? (Leichester, 1965) Mendeleev arranged the elements according to weight, and then proceeded to group them into clusters of elements that possessed similar properties. These groupings, together with the consideration of variance from strict atomic weight order, left spaces in the table that Mendeleev predicted would encompass elements that had not yet been discovered. Mendeleev left these spaces open in order to accommodate future discoveries. He himself accurately predicted three of these missing elements- Scandium (ekaboron), galluim (ekaaluminum), and germanium (ekasilicon). By 1886, only seventeen years after the creation of the table, all of the elements previously predicted by Mendeleev had been isolated."
Abstract The following paper takes a look at the life of Friedrich August Kelule, known as the originator of the structure theory of benzene. This essay discusses Kelule's interest in chemistry, beginning with a trial concerning a charred woman's body.
From the Paper ?Kelule went to a trial about a woman's charred body. Many believed she had combustion because she drank too much alcohol. However, Justus von Liebig testified in this trial and ignited Kekule's interest in chemistry. He changed his studies from architecture to chemistry. Charles Gerhardt and Jean-Baptiste Dumas taught him the unitary theory of chemistry. From 1855 to 1858 Kekule debated with JFW von Baeyer until 1858 and was professor at Ghent and Bonn (Ulearntoday 1)."
Abstract This paper looks at the life-long contributions that Dimitri Mendeleev made to the field of chemistry. The author details Mendeleev's personal and professional biography including his battle against childhood disease which almost cost him his life. His family's struggle to insure that he was able to study at a prestigious university and to overcome the poverty into which he had been born influenced his drive to constantly work and succeed in his chosen field. In 1869 Mendeleev constructed the first Periodic Table of Elements. He also authored many books in the field of chemistry and predicted the discovery of many different elements, as well as weights and measure. The author also notes his many contributions to the advancement of technology in Russia.
From the Paper Mendeleev was born in 1834 in Siberia. His family consisted of thirteen brothers and sisters, his mother and his father. The family was poor, his father eventually went deaf before he died, and yet Mendeleev's mother insisted that her youngest child further his education. He hitchhiked over 14,000 miles across Russia to Moscow, only to be turned down by the University of Moscow because he was from Siberia. His mother never gave up, and the two of them traveled to St. Petersburg where he trained and eventually became a Professor of inorganic chemistry at the University of. St. Petersburg. (Chang, 233) During his third year of study there, Mendeleev fell ill, and was bedridden for the next year. He kept up with his studies, and graduated on time, and received the medal of excellence for being first in his class. (Rumppe, Sixtus
Abstract This paper describes the pharmaceutical industry's role as one of the largest contributors to economic growth in the United States. It illustrates the tremendous pressure the pharmaceutical industry is under, to meet the increasing demands for their product and maintain the quality standards of the regulatory agencies. The writer explains why it is in the best interest of the industry to attempt to maintain the high standards placed on them.
From the Paper "According the US Business Reporter (2002), annual spending on prescription drugs is expanding at close to 14% on and annual basis. Several companies and drugs have led this increase, particularly Warner-Lambert's Lipitor, Eli Lilly's Zyprexa, Monsanto/ Pfizer's Celebrex, and Merck's Vioxx (US Business Reporter, 2002). The same article notes that the pharmaceutical industry typically operates on a 14-15% profit margin. This makes the pharmaceutical industry one of the largest contributors to economic growth in the Untied States."
From the Paper "The harrowing experience of Primo Levi, detailed in his book Survival in Auschwitz, was the experience of millions of people in World War II. The book is powerful and affecting, and it also serves as a very strong portrayal of the entire era of which the Holocaust is a part. This book presents the real effects of history, not the changes in leadership and the movements of armies but the changes in the lives of real individuals who become the victims of other people's hatreds an ambitions. No single book can be considered a complete history of the "final solution" or its aftermath, but a book such as this one provides strong insights into the effect such horrors had on the people against whom the Final Solution was directed. As we consider what Levi has to say about that era and his description of what was done to himself and others, we will.."
From the Paper "Many fundamental concepts in chemistry can be traced back to Friedrich W"hler. A mild-mannered scientist, W"hler's discoveries revolutionized the understanding of organic chemicals. His artificial synthesis of urea eventually led to the overthrow of the theory of vitalism. In addition, W"hler contributed to ideas on isomerism and organic radicals. His work has ultimately had a great influence on the development of many fields of scientific endeavor.
A quiet, gentle person, Friedrich W"hler combined his "passion for chemistry" with a "great love of the open air, the beauties of nature and of all living things" (Findlay, 1965, pp. 323-324). Indeed, that branch of chemistry dealing with compounds of carbon is widely considered to have been started by..."
Abstract This paper presents a detailed examination of pharmaceuticals in Russia. The writer provides an overview of the history of the topic as well as the current concerns in the field. Fraud and counterfeit in Russia's pharmaceutical industry is discussed in the paper. The paper describes how the nation is moving toward a democratic existence and also working to regulate and legitimize its pharmaceutical industry.
From the Paper "When the Soviet Union dismantled its communist regime and began to rebuild its entire political and economic structure the world cheered and offered its support. It has been more than a decade and while several areas have been enjoying marked success the pharmaceutical field has been fraught with problems. The pharmaceutical industry in Russia has dealt with many problems including fraud, counterfeit and fake products. It is an industry that by its very nature mandates the strict compliance with purity both in manufacturing as well as cost. Russia works towards that compliance while trying to rid itself of the problems that have come with it."
Abstract This paper looks at the life of William Gosset, who worked as a chemist in the Guinness brewery in Dublin in 1899 ,and who also carried out crucial experiments on statistics. It explores how the conditions of brewing gave Gosset an insight to work as a statistician and how he took his data from the different examples of brewing to experiment, which was the best combination of factors. In particular, it examines how these experiments led to the invention of the t-test to calculate and manage small samples for quality control in brewing and how, under the name "Student", Gosset developed the form of the t distribution by a combination of mathematical and empirical work with random numbers on the basis of the early application of the Monte Carlo method.
From the Paper "In 1903, Gosset, came up with methods that could calculate standard errors. In 1904 he wrote on the brewing of beer. After reading this new report written by William Gosset, Karl Pearson consulted Gosset and also they met Pearson in July of 1905. They discussed the developments and reports for a long time. Pearson, helped Gosset understand the theory of standard errors in less than two hours. Gosset after understanding the procedure went back to the brewery and practiced those methods to develop something new for the next year. The meeting was successful because Pearson motivated Gosset to take up the study of the law of error."
Abstract This paper explains that the desire for instant communication without being tied to a particular machine can be dated as far back as 1843 when Michael Faraday, an analytical chemist, began exhaustive research into whether space could conduct electricity. The author points out that the cell phones, which were introduced commercially in the 1980s, were expensive and often difficult to carry; moreover, service provided by the cell phone carriers of the day was extremely poor in comparison to "land lines". The paper relates that, although early use of cell phones elicited embarrassment and laughter, usage advanced when, in addition to their professional connections, consumers demanded the ability to stay connected with children, spouses, friends, and other individuals on a more consistent basis than allowed by a land phone.
From the Paper "Cell phones have existed longer in modern history and memory than might be commonly thought. Communicating in a wireless fashion, in fact, has existed almost as long as what are now termed "land lines" or ordinary phones. But it was not until 1977 that cell phones, along the lines of today's technology, first ?went public.? The state of Chicago began the first trials of cell phones with 2000 customers. Eventually other cell phone trials appeared in the Washington D.C. and Baltimore area. The next nation to make use of the technology after the United States was Japan, which began testing cellular phone service in 1979."
Tags: land, electricity, usage, consistent, personal
A look at the theory proposed by British atmospheric chemist, James Lovelock, which characterizes earth as a complex living organism rather than merely an inanimate host for the many terrestrial life forms dependent on it for sustenance.
Abstract This paper explains and examines the Gaia Theory, which proposes that the earth is itself a tremendously large and complex super-organism, comprising all of the other life forms dependant upon it in very much the same fashion that the human body comprises the many trillions of individual living cellular organisms that, collectively, constitute a human being. The paper first details some of the criticisms as well as the support for Lovelock's theory, outlines the essential elements of the theory, and then provides a critical analysis of the theory.
From the Paper "In the 1960?s, James Lovelock, a British atmospheric chemist, was engaged in research commissioned by the National Aeronautic and Space Administration (NASA) in the United States. Specifically, the studies were intended to develop a method for determining reliably whether or not biological life existed on Mars. Part of Lovelock's work involved analyzing certain elements of Earth's atmospheric properties and mechanisms, in order to understand how a planet teeming with biological life might be differentiated accurately from interplanetary distances from a planet completely devoid of biological life (Enteractive, 1995)."
Abstract This paper examines the role of industrial emissions in bringing about global warming. The paper argues that as Swedish chemist Svante Arrhenius recognized, such emissions are among the chief causes of the greenhouse effect. In the conclusion, this paper argues that alternative energy sources should be developed and adopted, in order to avoid any more environmental damage.
From the Paper "In addition to the ozone layer, fluorinated compounds are an extremely efficient greenhouse gas. One molecule of these synthetic compounds traps one thousand times more heat than a carbon dioxide molecule.
Many scientists have raised concerns regarding the global warming caused by the greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Author William F. Ruddiman argues, for example, argues that greenhouse gases trap heat and indirectly cause extreme climate changes such as floods and droughts (Ruddiman 165). Corollary to this, the National Assessment Synthesis Team (NAST) of the United States Global Change Research Program warns of more rapid and extreme climate changes if the world does not take steps to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. These include spikes in the heat index, increased frequencies of heat waves and the possible melting of glaciers in Alaska (Ruddiman 84). They trace greenhouse gases to human activities associated with industrialization. "
Abstract This paper discusses the life and work of William Sealey Gosset, who was one of the leading statisticians of his time, particularly with his work on the concept of standard deviation in small samples. It gives examples of some of his achievements in the realm of statistics. The paper describes Gosset as both brilliant in his professional work as a chemist and statistician and as a loved and respected man.
From the Paper "After Gosset had worked for many years developing the practical application of his theory, he was involved in a terrible car accident in 1934 which left him incapacitated for many months. During this time, he had the opportunity to continue to work on his statistical work. He recovered enough after a year to move to London where he became the head brewer and scientist of production at a new Guinness brewery. Gosset continued to publish the results of his statistical findings while working in London. He did not hold his position there long as he died in Beaconsfield, England, on October 16, 1937 (O'Connor and Robertson)."
