Abstract
In this article the writer discusses a change management plan for Engelhard Chemicals which will support the adoption of entirely new business processes necessary for its new Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system. The writer first looks at why processes need to change and then discusses that it is critical for the Engelhard Chemicals employees involved in the ERP system to concentrate on how to provide those most affected by the process changes, the opportunity to gain greater control over their jobs and as a result, higher levels of ownership as well. The writer maintains that the core of a successful change management plan is addressing the many aspects of how resistance to change can be overcome through the use of techniques based on solid theories and practice. The writer concludes that the catalyst of all lasting change is the continual reinforcing and support of any change management initiative, no matter how trivial or drastic, from the senior management team of Engelhard Chemicals.

Outline:
Executive Summary
Assessing the Engelhard Chemicals Culture's Ability to Change
Business Process Re-engineering and Change Management Planning
Making Change Permanent at Engelhard Chemicals
Engelhard Chemicals Change Management Contingency Strategies
Summary

From the Paper
" There are very significant process- and system-related changes down to the task level that need to occur within Engelhard Chemicals for the ERP system to be a success. The CEOs' two major concerns of the ERP system being used as intended, specifically focusing on the 300 people whose jobs will change and second the resistance to change on the part of manufacturing workers need to be addressed at the cultural level of the company first. The Engelhard Chemicals' culture needs to be taken into account, specifically in terms of its expectations, norms, values and assumptions first. Strategies for dealing with cultural change are the most fundamental to making any change management strategy successful, as corporate cultures are often the most difficult to change. Changing the Engelhard Chemicals culture therefore needs to be incremental, not total in approach. As Dr, Galpin (1996), a leading expert in organizational culture change management strategies suggests, the best approach for influencing specific aspects of a culture need to be on an exception versus all-inclusive basis."

Tags:efficiencies, workers, corporate, cultures, employees

Abstract
The paper discusses how improper usage of chemicals and their toxic byproducts have led to dangerous levels of pollution. The paper reveals the effects of toxic chemicals that include types of cancer, autoimmune diseases, kidney damage and developmental retardation. The paper discusses twelve of the known highly toxic chemicals known as the "dirty dozen" and reveals statistics that demonstrate the dangerous concentration of chemicals in our bodies. The paper then turns to hazardous waste and how it is categorized and addresses its treatment, storage and disposal. Finally, the paper deals with the concerns about proper radioactive waste management.

From the Paper
"The majority of chemicals produced and used by man have proved to be extremely beneficial to the human society and have contributed to a better way of living. However, indiscriminate and improper usage of such chemicals and their toxic byproducts have also led to dangerous levels of pollution that have compromised our quality of life and even threatened the survival of not only human beings but many other species of animals and plants present on our planet. (Hazardous Wastes and Toxic Chemicals) Despite state and federal regulations regarding release of toxic chemicals into the environment, many industries continue to release such products. Across the United States, the volume of toxic chemicals discharged into the environment has been estimated to be in the order of billions of pounds. Out of the 80,000 modern-day chemicals known to man, only a small fraction of them have been evaluated by the EPA for harmful effects. It is true that not all chemicals have harmful effects but a few of them definitely do. A list of 245 chemicals which are known to or at least suspected of being carcinogenic has been prepared by the National Toxicology Program. (Brown; Earth Policy Institute, 132)"

Tags:pollution, pollutants, toxicity, radioactive, waste, storage, disposal

Abstract
This paper describes an experiment, which stimulates the hearts of Daphnia by using caffeine, nicotine, epinephrine, ethyl, a diluted salt solution and various pH 10 solutions. The author reports measuring the heart rates of the Daphnia and discusses the changes in heart rate for each of the stimuli.

Table of Contents:
Materials and Methods
Result Analysis
Discussion
Graphs

From the Paper
"Giving Nicotine to the second Daphnia, caused a drop in its heart rate (graph 2). Since nicotine is a widely used drug which is a depressant, it lowers the beating of the Daphnia heart. The Daphnia that acquired epinephrine, experienced a jump in heart rate (graph 3). Epinephrine, otherwise know as adrenaline, is secreted by the adrenal medulla in response to stress. It stimulates autonomic nerve action, which is why a rise is heart rate was observed."

Tags:control adrenaline survival, acid polluted, microscope

Abstract
This paper reviews several factors that help to modify individual's substance-use pattern including the physical reinforcement value of the drugs being abused, the social reinforcement value, cultural rules that govern recreational chemical use and the individuals life goals. The author points out that the medical or disease model of addiction plays an important role in the treatment of substance abuse. The paper relates that most recently, drawing on medicine's growing understanding of human genetics, scientists have attempted to identify the genetic basis for alcoholism and the other forms of drug addiction.

Table of Contents:
Factors That Influence Recreational Drug Use
The Process of Becoming a Drug Abuser
Biological/Physiological Theories of Substance Abuse
The Medical Model of Drug Addiction
The Biological Differences Theories
The Physical Reward Potential
Sociological/Cultural Theories of Substance Abuse
The Social Learning Components of Drug Use
Cultural/Social Influences on Chemical Use Patterns
Relationship between Different Social Groups and the Parent Culture
Social Feedback Mechanisms and Drug Use
Personality/ Individual Theories of Substance Abuse
Individual Expectations as a Component of Drug Use
Individuals' Life Goals as Helping to Shape Chemical Use
The Chemical Use of Decision-Making Process
The Personality Predisposition Theories of Substance Abuse
Ego State and Drug of Choice
Conclusion

From the Paper
"In support of the psychoanalytic model of addictions, an impressive body of evidence suggests that certain personality traits do seem to predispose the individual to specific forms of drug abuse. When forces conspired to limit the amount and quality of heroin available in Australia's capital territory, heroin addicts did not appear to switch their drug of choice in large numbers, suggesting that the particular drug played a specific role in their lives that could not be fulfilled by other chemicals. ... found that heroin-dependent people demonstrated higher scores for the traits of novelty-seeking and self-directedness on the Cloninger TCI personality test than did alcohol-dependent people..."

Tags:recreational, scores, withdrawal, alcoholism, medical

Abstract
This paper looks at the different types of contaminants that exist and the role they play in polluting the environment. The paper also looks at the damage these pollutants cause to human and animal life and the activities that are mostly involved in the ongoing process of environmental contamination.

From the Paper
"In today's modern life, there are many activities that produce toxic or harmful chemicals and pathogens to be released into the environment. Both pathogens and toxic chemicals cause various kinds of illness and disease in humans as well as in other living organisms"

Tags:dioxin, fish, wildlife, chemicals, pesticides, heavy, metals, national, research, council, concentrations, eutrophication

Abstract
The paper discusses the weapon of the non-conventional force or guerrilla warriors, the improvised explosive device or IED, and how it has been used in the past. The paper examines the components of an IED and how they are deployed and identifies ome of the more commonly known chemical IEDs. The paper also points out some of the basic and conventional chemicals that can be used to manufacture chemical IEDs including chemicals that are found at home. The paper asserts that since IEDs, especially chemical IEDs, are becoming the weapon of choice of today's terrorists or insurgents, it is important for those battling these types of enemy to gain knowledge on how to prevent these attacks.

From the Paper
"The history of warfare is one where the combatant with the better weapon and strategy usually is the victor. Even in the prehistoric times when mankind fought with sticks and stones, those who had the most implements and can wield them better was assured of vanquishing the enemy. But warfare is also a story of innovation and invention. Sticks and stones were defeated when spears, bows and arrows where invented because it afforded fighting from a distance while delivering deadly projectiles from the safety of hides. Then fire was discovered and used with projectiles provided an even deadlier combination. Since then, various weapons of warfare have been developed and improved all to ensure victory in the battlefield and in conventional warfare.
"Conventional warfare though requires the deployment of numerous numbers of troops that are well equipped and well trained to wage battle against any enemy force. But there are those that do not have the capability of fielding huge armed forces thereby requiring the waging of low intensity or guerrilla warfare to even the playing field of the battlespace. Even their weapons are rudimentary and they do not have the luxury of having tanks, fighter aircrafts, artillery or other heavy weapons found in the conventional army. The saving grace though is that they are able employ hit and run tactics that served to disrupt conventional forces. To wit, they improvise weapons made of everyday materials. These weapons may not be as sophisticated as those of conventional armies but they are equally effective especially when deployed at the proper time and at carefully selected targets."

Tags:terrorists, bombs, weapons, Molotov, cocktail

Abstract
This paper looks at the prevalence of chemical dependence and mental illness in adolescents and some its causes. The paper discusses primary and secondary causes as well as the most common chemicals abused. It also looks at the brain chemistry involved, and examines the genetic basis of chemical dependencies.

From the Paper
"Substance abuse by adolescents is a pattern of substance, drug or alcohol use leading to significant problems e.g., absence from school, interference with family or friend relationships or legal problems. Substance dependence is the continued use of drugs or alcohol even when significant problems related to their use have developed. There may be an increased tolerance to the drug of choice, a need for increased amounts of the drug to attain the same desired effect, withdrawal symptoms with decreased use difficulty stopping..."

Tags:drug abuse, alcoholism, genetic factors

Abstract
This paper looks at the harrowing effects of chemical warfare and how it changed the face of war during WWI. It gives examples of the types of weaponry used, their side effects and how these have developed to become the destructive arms of today.

From the Paper
"According to many of the period s experts, WWI was supposed to be fought by large numbers of men, in a heroic fashion, with the other technologically advanced weapons such as planes, machine-guns and tanks. Instead of the normal war of the attacker winning and the defender put on the run, this war was interrupted by trench warfare and battles of attrition. Trenches were the norm, and to help get battles back to natural means, gas was put into practice to help each side get back into (in their eyes at the time) a more modern conflict. So what were these chemical weapons? How and when were they used? What role did they play in the soldier s day-to-day life both physically and psychologically? "

Tags:bombs, chemicals, france, gas, germany, hague, history, military, trench, war, warfare, wwi

Abstract
Dioxins and other chemical components have been located in foods that people consume everyday. Too much dioxin can be fatal and/or pose serious threats to newborn children in terms of birth defects. What has been done to diminish this chemical toxin in foods? Government officials have developed policies in an effort to control contamination in terms of pesticides, feeds for livestock and water treatments. If preventions are not implemented more readily, these chemical toxins will pose significant elevations in diseases in humans and animals through contamination.

Tags:dioxin, chemical, threat

Abstract
This paper presents a review of legal issues surrounding a chemical castration law for the state of California. It looks at the design of the law as a measure to protect children from sexual offenders. The paper looks at current methods of chemical castration, the vagueness of the law and the question of whether chemical castration is a treatment or punishment.

From the Paper
"Today as it tries to deal with the reality of the sexual abuse of children within its borders the state of California is faced with a quandary. On the one hand the sexual abuse of children is an appalling fact that devastates thousands ..."

Tags:chemical, castration