Abstract
Dioxins and other chemical components have been located in foods that people consume everyday. Too much dioxin can be fatal and/or pose serious threats to newborn children in terms of birth defects. What has been done to diminish this chemical toxin in foods? Government officials have developed policies in an effort to control contamination in terms of pesticides, feeds for livestock and water treatments. If preventions are not implemented more readily, these chemical toxins will pose significant elevations in diseases in humans and animals through contamination.

Tags:dioxin, chemical, threat

Abstract
This paper presents a review of legal issues surrounding a chemical castration law for the state of California. It looks at the design of the law as a measure to protect children from sexual offenders. The paper looks at current methods of chemical castration, the vagueness of the law and the question of whether chemical castration is a treatment or punishment.

From the Paper
"Today as it tries to deal with the reality of the sexual abuse of children within its borders the state of California is faced with a quandary. On the one hand the sexual abuse of children is an appalling fact that devastates thousands ..."

Tags:chemical, castration

Abstract
The paper analyzes the relationship between anxiety and chemical dependency, including diagnosis, treatment, and comorbidity.

From the Paper
"Patients presenting with some type of chemical dependency; alcoholism, drug use/abuse and so forth, are often given what is known as a dual diagnosis. A differential diagnosis consists of ruling out various alternative diagnoses, ruling out an etiological, general, medical condition determining the specific primary disorder, and ultimately establishing boundaries between disorders or no disorders. A dual diagnosis in contrast refers to a case in which an individual presents with an emotional psychiatric problem along with an alcohol..."

Tags:anxiety disorder, chemical dependency

Abstract
This paper describes chemical warfare in insects. The paper begins by offering a definition of the chemistry of vision. Next the paper discusses the role of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in cancer. Then the paper explains the effect of chlorfluorocarbons on the ozone layer, nature, chemistry and sources of petroleum.

Tags:chemical warfare among insects, chemistry of vision, polycylic aromatic hydrocarbons and cancer, chlorofluorocarbons and the ozone hole, petroleum

Abstract
This paper shows that one of the main concerns in Chemical Mechanical Planarization processing is the material removal rate (MRR). The paper also critically reviews the existing MRR models of CMP and compares the assumptions, application aspects and limitations of the two groups? models.

From the Paper
"Chemical Mechanical Planarization (CMP) is the process of surface smoothing and planing by a combination of mechanical action and chemical dissolution. This process is achieved by rubbing a work piece against a polishing pad under load in the presence of chemically active slurry containing an abrasive. CMP is one of the most effective planarization technologies for achieving smaller feature size for the integrated circuit (IC) industry. "

Tags:chemical, material, mechanical, modeling, polishing, rate, removal

Abstract
Mosquitoes are insects that have been around for approximately 30 million years. Mosquitoes can sense carbon dioxide and lactic acid up to 100 feet away. If a person wears light or white clothing, mosquitoes can see him/her and zero in on him/her. Mosquitoes can detect heat. One way to stop mosquitoes is to confuse their chemical receptors.

Tags:NURSING, HEALTHCARE / HEALTH AND HEALTHCARE ISSUES, chemical mosquito pesticides

Abstract
This paper looks at the harrowing effects of chemical warfare and how it changed the face of war during WWI. It gives examples of the types of weaponry used, their side effects and how these have developed to become the destructive arms of today.

From the Paper
"According to many of the period s experts, WWI was supposed to be fought by large numbers of men, in a heroic fashion, with the other technologically advanced weapons such as planes, machine-guns and tanks. Instead of the normal war of the attacker winning and the defender put on the run, this war was interrupted by trench warfare and battles of attrition. Trenches were the norm, and to help get battles back to natural means, gas was put into practice to help each side get back into (in their eyes at the time) a more modern conflict. So what were these chemical weapons? How and when were they used? What role did they play in the soldier s day-to-day life both physically and psychologically? "

Tags:bombs, chemicals, france, gas, germany, hague, history, military, trench, war, warfare, wwi

Abstract
The paper discusses the weapon of the non-conventional force or guerrilla warriors, the improvised explosive device or IED, and how it has been used in the past. The paper examines the components of an IED and how they are deployed and identifies ome of the more commonly known chemical IEDs. The paper also points out some of the basic and conventional chemicals that can be used to manufacture chemical IEDs including chemicals that are found at home. The paper asserts that since IEDs, especially chemical IEDs, are becoming the weapon of choice of today's terrorists or insurgents, it is important for those battling these types of enemy to gain knowledge on how to prevent these attacks.

From the Paper
"The history of warfare is one where the combatant with the better weapon and strategy usually is the victor. Even in the prehistoric times when mankind fought with sticks and stones, those who had the most implements and can wield them better was assured of vanquishing the enemy. But warfare is also a story of innovation and invention. Sticks and stones were defeated when spears, bows and arrows where invented because it afforded fighting from a distance while delivering deadly projectiles from the safety of hides. Then fire was discovered and used with projectiles provided an even deadlier combination. Since then, various weapons of warfare have been developed and improved all to ensure victory in the battlefield and in conventional warfare.
"Conventional warfare though requires the deployment of numerous numbers of troops that are well equipped and well trained to wage battle against any enemy force. But there are those that do not have the capability of fielding huge armed forces thereby requiring the waging of low intensity or guerrilla warfare to even the playing field of the battlespace. Even their weapons are rudimentary and they do not have the luxury of having tanks, fighter aircrafts, artillery or other heavy weapons found in the conventional army. The saving grace though is that they are able employ hit and run tactics that served to disrupt conventional forces. To wit, they improvise weapons made of everyday materials. These weapons may not be as sophisticated as those of conventional armies but they are equally effective especially when deployed at the proper time and at carefully selected targets."

Tags:terrorists, bombs, weapons, Molotov, cocktail

Abstract
In this report the writer explains chemical warfare and list the types of agents which can be used. It describes how a person is affected and the great potential hazards and dangers. The writer provides an overview of historical cases when chemical warfare has been used and explains how it?s transmitted. The paper gives specific examples of certain types, and lastly, looks at how a person can be protected from chemical warfare.

From the Paper
"On April 22 in 1915, six thousand pressurized cylinders full of chlorine gas were released into the wind near the Belgian village of Ypres. The chlorine floated in huge clouds slowly being carried by the wind until it reached an ally army to Germany, then killing 10,000 soldiers. Because of the amount of gas released the chlorine caused large amounts of yellowish fluid to form in the lungs of the soldiers causing them to choke to death. Germany attacked again another two days later killing another 5,000 soldiers with chlorine gas. This was the first chemical weapon attack in history and chlorine was the first chemical agent. Since then there have been a handful more times when chemicals have been used to attack other people and with the terrorist attacks on 9-11 Americans know the fear of chemicals being used against us. In this report I will explain chemical warfare, list the types, describe how a person is affected, explain when they ve been used, explain how it s transmitted, give specific examples of certain types, and lastly, how a person is protected from chemical warfare."

Tags:agents, weapons, hazard

Abstract
This paper examines chemical and biological weapons, by defining them, defining their use in past wars and their use today. It illustrates the repetition of history in the correlation between historical use of mass destruction weapons and today. The paper uses Vonnegut's novel "Cat's Cradle" as an example to poses a scenario in which an ultimate chemical weapon (ice-nine) is used on soldiers. The paper shows that the greed in the novel results from the creation of chemical and biological weapons, which threaten to tear apart the world, which it eventually does, leaving a barren frosty wasteland.

From the Paper
"For the last century, the use of chemical and biological weapons has stood in the back of people's minds as an impersonal and distant horror. This is especially true in the United States, which did not see the poisonous clouds over its battlefields or the sight of businessmen choking to death on its subways like Europe and Japan did. This has changed in recent times, with cases of anthrax continuing to arise from within the bounds of America. Though this danger of chemical and biological weapons is not anywhere near the proportions seen in the novel Cat's Cradle, by Kurt Vonnegut, it has shown Americans that the threat and destructive power of chemical and biological weapons is valid. Now more than ever it seems that more measures need to be taken to stop the production and use of deadly chemical and biological weapons."

Tags:ice, nine, terrorism, vonnegut, mass, destruction