Abstract This paper discusses the success or failure of the Chechen terrorists in their fight against Russia and for independence, noting that the Chechens have not achieved any long term goal and have not been able to get the Russian government to make any concessions. The paper explains how the group has been able to publicize its demands and is today known around the world as a result, though it has not achieved any of its larger goals and does not seem to be on the verge of doing so.
From the Paper "Judging the success or failure of a terrorist group is difficult except with a long time frame, for how well the group does in the short term may be indicated only by its ability to achieve a terrorist act or to gain publicity for itself by doing so. Most do not achieve some final goal, though they may make clear what that final goal would be if they can achieve it. An example can be cited with reference to the problem facing Russia from the Chechen rebels who want to publicize their demands. The Chechens have not achieved any long-term goal and have not been able to get the Russian government to make any concessions."
Abstract Discusses historical legacy of Chechen-Russian relations. Stalin & USSR policy. Growth of nationalism & ethnic independence. President Yeltsin & 1994 Russian invasion of Chechnya & the ensuing war. Politics & objectives of Dudayev's regime & establishment of free economic zone in Chechen. Yeltin's economic blocade. Chechen gangs. Unpopularity of Chechen War in Russia.
From the Paper "?In the Caucasian Wars of the nineteenth century "the policy chosen was one of total attack, leaving the natives no option but to resist as desperately as they could" (Gall and De Waal 50).
Since the late eighteenth century dozens of Russian military campaigns have been launched against the tiny North Caucasian region of Chechnya and its neighbors. Throughout that span of time the struggles between Russians and Chechens have produced extraordinary efforts of both resistance and repression. In the nineteenth century Imam Shamil, in 25 years of resistance against the Tsars, waged what is probably the longest guerrilla war in history. The Chechen people revolted against the Soviet state more frequently than any other people, and the struggle included "uprisings in 1922, 1924 and 1925 and continued well into the 1930s (Lapidus 8). In the 1940s Stalin, fearful of Chechen..."
Abstract This paper explains that the Russian-Chechen conflict is a direct brutal clash between the central authorities of a federal state Russia and a sub-national component Chechnya, which has been accorded the rights as per the constitution but demands to be an autonomous state or to have a non-federal relationships. The author points out that most of the Chechen combatants are extremists, who have completely lost their conscience to Islamic establishments and are probably linked to Al-Qaeda, having committed such terror acts as seizing citizens in a hospital in the southern Russian town of Budyonnovsk in 1995 and capturing a school in the North Ossetian town of Beslan in 2004, resulting in the death of more than 500 children. The paper concludes that (1) Chechnya is badly in need of a political solution since armed endeavors during the last nine years have not been fruitful, bringing the Chechen's to a more radical front and permitting the authority of Islamic fundamentalism to penetrate Caucasus and (2) the global society has to show solidarity against extremism because there is no justification, which can uphold the brutal aggression meted out by the Chechen insurgents.
Table of Contents
Describe the Conflict Situation
Define the Reasons for the Conflict
Determine Who if Anyone is at Fault and Why
Is there a Solution?
Conclusion
From the Paper "The September 11 2001 assaults by the Al Qaeda and the condition with the Moscow Theatre provided a better plea to Putin to safeguard his military activities in Chechnya. Currently, the Chechens have been member of the extremists and the battle with them is a component of the international battle on extremism. Prior to 11 Sept 2001, the global society were severe with Russia regarding the Chechen exigency, but thereafter following the assault on Moscow Theater they were inclined to be increasingly cooperative and sparing Russian activities. Gaining the notice of the Western media, the suicide bombings are a proof of Chechnya's instability and the dangers of permitting the insurgent Islamist crusade starting to gather foothold there to flourish."
Abstract This paper presents an overview of the Russo-Chechen conflict. In this study, the writer shows that the conflict reveals a troubling trend of violence and oppression that is difficult to disentangle. The writer discusses that in the greater War on Terror, the way in which this dilemma is approached --and others like it-- will in many ways determine our collective fates.
From the Paper "The conflict between Russian and her former Soviet satellite Chechnya has exacerbated in recent years, threatening to become the full scale civil conflict that many on both sides have anticipated-and some have longed for. Chechnya is a Muslim republic with a history of doggedly pursuing independence. For its part Russia has crafted its own legacy toward Chechnya as a single-minded suppressor, whose response to Chechen bids for autonomy is consistently brutal. Today the Russo-Chechen conflict has claimed roughly ... "
Abstract This paper discusses the Russo-Chechnya conflict from a political and economic standpoint, highlighting the impact of oil on the players in the conflict, and showing the regional implications of actions in Chechnya. The paper proposes some solutions to the conflict but predicts that the problem will not go away anytime soon.
Table of Contents:
Russia: The Oil Conglomerate
History of the Conflict
The Sides
Oil War
Global Political and Economic Ramifications
Issue Resolution
Summary Of the Chechen Regional Impact
From the Paper "The basic problem from the Russian perspective is how to get the Chechens to accept Russian sovereignty. They failed to win any sort of charm offensive and continue to hold that status. During the war villages that signed peace agreements were bombed indiscriminately and without warning, and cooperation with authorities never was a guarantee of safety, as it should have been. With the military under poor discipline, it is the civilians who often become the targets and who are most deeply affected. "
Tags: shamil, tajik variant model, de facto independence, pipeline appeasement
Abstract This paper discusses and analyzes the topic of Chechnya. Specifically, it discusses the Chechen conflict with Russia, including how it started and when, along with the causes, effects, main events and attacks, and a current perspective on events in Chechnya today. It discusses how Chechnya has always desired independence from Russia and continues to fight for its freedom today. The tiny country has not been able to shed Russian influence and government, but it has evolved into a world political crisis that has affected thousands of Chechen civilians and continues to cause strife and violence today.
From the Paper "Chechnya is a Soviet Republic that declared independence from Russia in 1991. However, Russia's leaders refused to acknowledge Chechnya's independence, and instead sent in troops to subdue the Chechens. They withdrew when they met armed Chechens ready to defend their country, but the current conflict had its beginnings in these events in 1991, which escalated to full-scale war by 1994. However, the roots of the problems between Chechnya and Russia go much, much deeper than the current crisis."
Abstract This paper researches the interactions and wars in between Russia and Chechnya as well as the oppression perpetrated against and upon the Chechen people. It argues that the Chechen people are a nation that loves peace and equality as well as valuing their cultural heritage and not at all the war-mongering nation that Russia would have the world to believe.
From the Paper "The Russian rule of the Chechen people has seemingly brought the people of Chechnya to their knees however one must question the true validity of Russian rule in a land where a people have never accepted that rule but continued to war against the same. During the year of 1923 the Republic experienced a three-way split into the regions of Dagastan, Chechnya and Ingushetia. After a period of time Chechnya and Ingushetia united as a Chechyan-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. The Chechen-Ingush were particularly difficult for the Russians because they lived upon a mountain range that bordered Dagestan that was all but inaccessible. Many histories state that the Chechnya and Ingush were a warring people and use that as justification for what Russian rule has wrought upon the Chenchen people."
Abstract This paper discusses the conflict between the Russian federal forces and the secessionist North Caucasian republic of Chechnya. The author explains that while the Chechen problem is usually seen as a primarily modern phenomenon the sources and root causes of this conflict have their origins in history even prior to the last century. The paper discusses the history, causes, and source of the conflict and concludes that it is an ongoing problem and that, while the foundational causes are important to consider, there are possibly more contemporary reasons and agendas that have become a part of this crisis.
From the Paper " Chechnya declared independence from the Soviet Union in November 1991. (Q&A: The Chechen conflict) The then Russian President, Boris Yeltsin, seen troops into the area to reinstate the rule of Russian federal law and to stop secession. In essence, the conflict of is the fight for national independence and the attempt to separate from the Soviet Union.
"Chechnya is traditional homeland of the Chechen people and is bordered by Georgia to the south. The population of the region is mainly Muslim and the country is surrounded by the Russian Federation republics of Ingushetia and North Ossetia to the west, Dagestan to the east and north, and the Russian province of Stavropol to the north-west. (The Conflict in Chechnya, 2000)"
Abstract This paper looks at the background to U.S. involvement in the war and analyzes various factors. These include the high fatality rate incurred in the war, international reaction of the world community to the conflict, the strategic importance of Chechnya to the Russians, the politics of oil as it relates to the war and a history of U.S. policy towards Russia. The paper also focuses on the current U.S. policy towards Russia and specifically towards Chechnya.
From the Paper "At the start of the second Russian invasion into Chechnya in 1999, Russia claimed that it was going into Chechnya in order to root out the bandits that were hiding in the Chechen mountains and bring them to justice for carrying out terrorist activities in Russia. In the long run however, it has become clear that Russia was planning to take vengeance for its humiliating defeat at the hands of the Chechen rebels in the previous phase of its attack on Chechnya three years back.(11) Russia has presented its attack on Chechnya as an attack on terrorists and as an effort to prevent Chechnya from breaking away from the federation. The fighting that is taking place is the worse since the 1994 ?1996 civil war with Chechnya ."
Abstract This paper briefly examines the history of the Chechnyan conflict. It discusses mainly how this war has impacted the Chechen people and why Chechnya represents an instance of war uniting cultures, as opposed to destroying them.
From the Paper "In order to understand a nation, it is necessary to examine culture through their values, beliefs and attitudes. The strength of the Chechens in their fight for independence stems from their national culture. Much of the Chechen way of life lies in their valued belief in ancient myth and philosophy with strong connections to the biblical mythology and ancient Europe. In legend, the Caucasus was known as the home of the Gods, the chimerical ethnic origin of European civilization (thus, the term "Caucasian"). Traditionally, Chechens attach great importance to ?honor and dignity. . . [and the] cult of ancestors and progeny. Ancestry plays a vital role in their social values. Chechens see history as ?the only road where a man or nation passes the lifetime. The road itself tells nothing of the past, only the people do.? This helps to explain why the deportation of 450,000 Chechens to Soviet Central Asia in 1944 under Joseph Stalin is such a defining incident toward Chechen intransigence. The Chechen people are immersed in a culture based on the richness of their past, emphasizing the strength of their national character and motivating their struggle for independence."
Abstract This paper discusses the cultural, political, and social divisiveness that have resulted from a paucity of central governmental services in some of the new nations in Eastern Europe and provides an analysis of the causes for the violent confrontations that have taken place in the recent past.
From the Paper "The breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991 resulted in a number of newly independent nations, whose borders were frequently based on old geopolitical lines without regard for the ethnically based demographics involved. Without a central government in place in many of these regions of Eastern Europe, basic public services have failed, economies have faltered or collapsed and wars have broken out between ethnic factions within these countries."
Abstract This paper gives background information on the ethnic conflict that has existed for centuries in both Yugoslavia and Chechnya and then looks at how that ethnic conflict has affected each region. The paper compares the different reasons behind the conflicts in each region, the severity of the conflicts, and their political consequences.
From the Paper "Since the breakup of the Soviet Union, conflict in Eastern Europe has been grounded largely in ethnic, rather than political, differences. Two key examples are the wars and subsequent atrocities in Yugoslavia between 1991 and 2000 and the war between Russia and Chechnya of 1994-1996. In both cases discrimination, whether perceived or actual, solidified ethnic identity and led to violent conflict, a sovereign ethnic state being the goal."
Abstract This paper attempts to define combatancy and who is considered a combatant. It also looks at some of the questions concerning morality that arise from humans participating in combat and its consequent killing of humans.
From the Paper "Innocent implies without guilt. Can a combatant ever be without guilt? In 1945 it was figured that only 15% of US riflemen used their weapon. As the US was heavily engaged in combat around the world for three years, one must assume that many a soldier avoided killing whenever possible. These passive soldiers were most likely conscripts who were compelled to serve their country. They generally would have been raised on religious principles that include the sanctity of life. If they had wanted to kill there was certainly no lack of opportunity at this time. So obviously there were no small number of armed soldiers that had no intent to kill. Without compulsion they may not even be armed. Perhaps these combatants were innocent. Perhaps they were not combatants at all but just teenage boys in a uniform and carrying a rifle."
Abstract The paper evaluates a number of key perspectives regarding the Chechnya separatist movement, which was facilitated by a desire of this location to maintain its independence from Russia. The paper explains that this was complicated by a number of fierce battles and wars which continue to haunt these nations. The paper notes that the increased threat of terrorism also plays a role in this process.
From the Paper "The Russian movements that have occurred throughout history have created numerous challenges for many nations around the world. In particular, Chechnya, which was invaded by Russia in earlier centuries and was forced to succumb to Russian rule, has in recent decades experienced some of its fiercest battles in its colorful history. The evolution of these battles has created considerable consequences for the citizens of Chechnya, which had broken away from Russian rule many years before (Olike, 2001). Through recent violent and deadly battles between Russia and Chechnya, there have been considerable consequences to pay on both sides of the battle lines (Oliker, 2001). However, Chechnya has suffered many great losses in its attempts to remain independent and furthermore, there has been considerable efforts to promote peace and an understanding of the violent nature of battle in the process (Oliker, 2001)."
Abstract In this report, the writer studies the global affects of separatism and their impact on the world today. The writer notes that the issue of separatism is one that confronts many different and diverse countries around the world today. The writer discusses that the world today is faced with many conflicts regarding separatism, which lead to often dangerous and trying times for the countries having to deal with the separatist movements. The writer examines the Quebec separatist movement in Canada, the Chechen movement within Russia and the separatist region of Kosovo within the country of Serbia. The writer maintains that in all of these cases, it becomes apparent that the countries involved in these movements are not strangers to danger and hardship in their experiences with separatism. Colored photos are included with the paper.
Outline:
Introduction
Thesis
Background Information
Quebec and Canada
Chechnya and Russia
Kosovo and Serbia
Discussion
Quebec and Canada
Chechnya and Russia
Kosovo and Serbia
Methodology
Conclusion / Summary
From the Paper "An example of a country upon whose entire history is derived from the act of separation lies just south of Canada in the U.S.A. It was in their separation from the British Empire in 1776 that a new country was born. From this the United States of America began its climb to becoming the most industrialized and powerful nation in the world. As well as being the starting point for the United States, the separatist idea continued to face the country throughout its history. This is proven when looking at the American Civil War. It was the separatist south that threatened the existence of United States, of which had to be overcome to recreate the country in 1865.
"It is in examples like this that show us that the separatist idea is one that affects humanity globally. If one were to think about all the countries in the world today that have separated from another at one point in their existence, the list would number at least 20. It has and continues to shape the world we inhabit today, affecting people in the developing world, and those living in developed nations. "
