Abstract
This paper contends that cheating is a significant problem among college students and that a majority of students either cheat or implicitly condones cheating. The paper presents the results of a survey performed on 161 students, inquiring about their opinions and experience regarding cheating and the likelihood that they would report a cheater. This study concluded that, while a majority of students believe that cheating is never justified, that same majority has participated in cheating ,either actively or passively, and would not be very likely to report cheating.

From the Paper
"Cheating is a significant issue in schools today. According to a study performed by California State University, "Most students (78%) reported cheating of at least one type". (Butler et al.) Past studies have apparently been somewhat conflicted regarding the causes and incident of cheating. Missouri Western State College student Andrea Rittman found that only 16.7% of students reported cheating in college, though far more reported cheating in high school. However, her study was skewed because she only included cheating on tests, while prior studies had included other tasks such as paper-writing and projects. Considering the ease of ordering custom papers online at any number of web sites, one would be surprised if cheating on tests were the primary form of cheating in an academic setting. The California State University results included "Thirteen cheating behaviors" (Butler et al.) which no doubt accounts for its higher positive results."

Tags:copying, deceiving

Abstract
The paper discusses how the problem of academic dishonesty is a growing concern in the realm of higher education, where instead of striving to learn, students will opt to 'take the easy way out' and plagiarize or use unethical methods to compete in college. Therefore, the paper argues that when considering admissions applications to the university, many other factors besides a student's grade point average (GPA) should be considered to ensure a student did not obtain their superior grades through cheating or some other nefarious means. The paper asserts that along with GPA, interviews and proctored admissions tests can assess whether a prospective student has actually learned substantive information during their prior education, or whether cheating had a hand in their academic achievement.

From the Paper
"The problem of academic dishonesty is a growing concern in the realm of higher education. Instead of striving to learn, students will opt to `take..."

Tags:interview, admissions, cheating

Abstract
This paper examines some of the ecological dynamics and game theory behind mutualisms and cheaters focusing on plant-pollinator relationships.

Table of Contents

Reciprocal Exploitation

Defensive Strategies: fruit abortion and selective maturation

Offensive Strategies: cheating insects

To cheat or not to cheat?

Evolutionary Consequences of Cheating

References

From the Paper
"Although mutualisms have often been heralded as mutually beneficial relationships that exist for the good of all those involved, they are often not as good-natured as people would think (Soberon & Martinez del Rio 1985). Perhaps Darwin knew best when he claimed that "Natural selection cannot possibly produce any modification in any one species exclusively for the good of another species; though throughout nature one species incessantly takes advantage of, and profits by, the structures of another" (1859). Upon close inspection of the many mutualisms that pervade the global ecology, it becomes clear that there is a strong incentive for exploitation, either by one of the partners in the mutualism or by a third party species. Because of the conflict of interest that often exists between members of a mutualism, certain tendencies to "cheat" have evolved. By escaping the costs that go hand in hand with mutualisms, these cheaters are able to reap the benefits of the mutualistic relationship without having to provide any services or resources in return. Far from one partner acting altruistically toward the other, members in mutualisms are actually pursuing their own agendas, often carrying out self-beneficial actions as far as the other partner will allow. "

Tags:cheating, cheater, ecology, game, fig, wasp, eggs, ess, defense, fruit, abortion, selective, maturation, yucca, plant, moth, mutualism, plant, pollinator, species, theory, partner

Abstract
In this essay, the writer discusses that the article by Antion and William explores possible predictive factors which might be used to identify possible cheaters in test taking situations. The study involved 148 psychology students at a community college. The conclusion was that except for a low relationship with anxiety there were no clear predictive factors for this population of students.

From the Paper
"Antion and Michael begin by summarizing a perceived growing problem. Writing in 1983 they cite studies from the 1960's and 1970's indicating that the number of students in high school and college who cheat is rising and that by 1979 studies indicated that 56% of college bound students have cheated on tests. Several factors, which might affect cheating behavior are suggested. These include situational factors such as ..."

Tags:cheating, exams, deception

Abstract
This paper discusses the problem of cheating and plagiarism in high school and college. The paper postulates that social cohesion might be the key to creating and maintaining morality, as social pressures dictate social norms. The paper also mentions society's excessive materialism and the lack of universal definitions for plagiarism as possible contributors to cheating. The paper explains that if cheating is socially sanctioned, then students are more likely to cheat, whereas if peers pressure their friends to refrain from cheating such as by ostracizing cheaters, then cheating is less prevalent. In conclusion, the paper states that cheating is simply a reflection of how society has shifted from one rooted in ethics and morality to one that stresses money over morals.

From the Paper
"Shulman also points out that one of the reasons cheating persists on college campuses is the lack of universal definitions for plagiarism. Not knowing that a behavior is ethically or legally wrong may cause some students to cheat when they normally might not. In some instances, cheating might not reflect a decline in moral values within that student but instead, a decline in strong social sanctions. What some students consider cheating, others might not. Discrepancies between what is acceptable and what is not prove that moral relativism is part of the problem. Cheating is wrong no matter what form that cheating takes. Stealing answers on an exam and borrowing ideas from an article are both forms of cheating, but some students might not feel the latter is a type of plagiarism. To reduce instances of cheating in school, educators need to address the definition of plagiarism and the penalties for it early in a student's career. More importantly, the culture needs to eschew all forms of cheating as being unacceptable. The goal of material success is not as important as the goal for a more ethical society."

Tags:honesty, dishonesty, plagiarize

Abstract
The paper reveals that administrative watchdog organizations for baseball are less vigilant than those for almost any other type of sport. The paper reveals that baseball commissioners, club officials and the players' associations have all been complicit in players' use of illegal drugs, allowing such drugs to become 'cool' and attractive for revenue and performance-enhancing opportunities. The paper contends that baseball administrators must act now to institute a comprehensive drug testing program with severe sanctions, otherwise, baseball will reward cheaters and provide a sad incentive for young players to suffer the negative health consequences of steroid use.

From the Paper
"According to the Mitchell report, what it calls baseball's 'steroids era' began in 1988, when use of the performance-enhancing substance became common, encouraged, and part of the culture of the major league sport. Yet because of the commissioner's office and the players' union willingness to turn a blind eye to such use, routine, random testing for the drugs was not instituted for more than fifteen years. "Steroids have been part of baseball's banned substance list since 1991, however testing for major league players did not begin until 2003" ("Mitchell Report: Baseball slow to react to players," ESPN.com, 2007). The use of random testing may have eventually reduced steroid use but it also motivated players to switch to using human growth hormone instead. HGH cannot be detected in urine tests, which are the only tests baseball's drug test program can administer under the current rules of the sport. Furthermore, even the drug tests were not entirely random: shockingly, the Mitchell commission revealed that the player's union would give teams advance notice of when drug testers would be coming, after the union had gotten information from the ballparks the day before the testing that they needed a parking pass (Wilson & Schmidt 2007, p.1-2). Mitchell recommended that the drug-testing program be made independent of the baseball commission and unions, that a list of the substances players test positive for be listed periodically and that the timing of testing be more unpredictable."

Tags:performance-enhancing, drugs, drug, testing

Abstract
This paper looks relates that throughout Shakespeare's play, "Hamlet", there are liars, cheaters, deceivers, and those who seek retaliation and how. The paper also relates that it is tragic to find an honorable character such as Hamlet so indulged in retaliation because his intentions were upright and respectable. The paper specifically examines how betrayal is a tragedy that extended all through the play and how it is a sad reality that there are so many instances in the play when tragedy occurs because of one person's betrayal of another. The betrayal of Claudius killing his brother was what started the plays rampant tragedies, and it took betrayals by others in the play to find the overall solution past King Hamlet's death.

From the Paper
"From King Hamlet's murder came his son's noble will for revenge, which at every attempt, was a failing tragedy. On a gloomy, eerie night in Denmark, a most spiteful and vengeful ghost arises only to be witnessed as the late King Hamlet. In his appearance to Hamlet and company, he makes Prince Hamlet aware that he is, indeed, his father and that he was inexcusably murdered by his brother, Hamlet's uncle, Claudius. In his dreadful description, he makes Hamlet promise to avenge his death. After Hamlet's unending grief for his father, he is bombarded by yet another life changing experience--his father's spiritual return. Not only is this a shocking scene, but Hamlet also gains knowledge of his father's untimely death and how he can avenge him and make the royal order right. After seeing the ghost, Hamlet is unsure whether to believe him or not about Claudius, but he is thereafter determined to find out. "

Tags:betrayal, claudius, queen, gertrude

Abstract
This paper examines the issue of cheating in the academic environment that is made easier and more efficient by technology and that may make cheaters out of students either intentionally or unintentionally.

From the Paper
"This research examines the issue of cheating in the context of ethics in the academic environment. The focus of this research is on students who are using technology to cheat, whether intentionally or unintentionally. The creation of the Internet has made research a relatively simple matter of typing in a few words into a data field, pressing the carriage return on the computer, and then watching thousands of hits or separate items of data appear on the screen. For example, typing the words academic cheating into the..."

Tags:cheating, students, academic, technology, term paper mills

Abstract
The paper explores the technologies and strategies that cheaters use. The paper relates that a large percentage of students don't have any social or moral qualms with using technology to cheat. The paper then suggests how to minimize or eradicate the opportunities for students to cheat.

Outline:
Introduction
Technology in Today's Classroom
Ethos of Cheating Amongst Students
Preventative Measures Against Using Technology to Cheat
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Since the dawn of academia there has always been an opportunity to cheat. Cheating has come a long way over the years from writing on your arms and hiding miniature scrolls of paper inside of ink pens to using I-pods, cell phones and Bluetooth capable devices to listen to answers. Cheating hasn't changed but the opportunities to do so have. With the increased acceptability of using technology inside our classrooms the chances of using technology to cheat has become more covert."

Tags:ipod, blackberry, text-messaging, cell, phones, electronics, copying

Abstract
The paper looks at the Philippine Nursing Act of 2002 and provides a timeline of the 2006 leakage scandal when two former members of the Board of Nursing copied and distributed test question manuscripts to students at three review centers before the nursing exam. The paper discusses the culprits, the indictments and the decision for a partial retake of the exam. The paper then addresses the Commission on Graduates of Foreign Nursing Schools (CGFNS)' decision that Filipino nursing graduates involved in the scandal would not be eligible for a VisaScreen Certificate, the Philippine Department of Labor and Employment's appeal of this decision and the resulting tarnishing of the Philippine nursing image. The paper highlights the bias towards widespread corrupt practices in the Philippines and argues that there must be concerted and coherent efforts to show the world that the Philippines is not a nation of cheats.

Outline:
The Philippine Nursing Law
The 2006 Leakage Scandal Timeline
Stiffer Penalties for Violators, but Damage Done
Approval as New NCLEX Site
Upgrade of Test Standards and a Warning
Afterthought

From the Paper
"These two former Board members were Anesia Buenafe-Dionisio and Virginia Diolola-Madeja (Torres, 2007). On June 1, 2007, the Ombudsman filed criminal charges against them for violating Section 15a of Republic Act 8981 and Republic Act 3019. Republic 8981 is an Act Modernizing the Professional Regulation Commission. Republic Act 3019 is the Anti-Graft and Corrupt Practices Act. The Board also filed charges against Ray Gapuz, owner of the Gapuz Nursing Review Center. Madeja was the assigned examiner for Test III on Medical Surgery Nursing while Dionisio was assigned for Test V on Psychistric Mental Health. The complaint filed said that the examinees enrolled at the RA Gapuz Review Center in Baguio City finished the exam much earlier than others. Investigation showed that keywords to 56 questions in Madeja's manuscript were written down and distributed to enrollees at the Gapuz Review Center. Of these 56, 23 were actually included in Test III. Of the 100 questions actually asked in Test V, 90 were leaked out by Dionisio in handwritten notes and computer printouts to enrollees at the Gapuz Review Center in Baguio City, the Institute for Review and Special Studies or INRESS in Manila and other review centers elsewhere in the country."

Tags:Board, of, Nursing, examinees, retake, cheaters, VisaScreen, Certificate