Abstract This paper is a critical evaluation of three statements that can be reduced to one (the thesis). Sexism and racism are not accidental phenomena, but exist for the purpose of obtaining cheap labor.
Abstract This paper discusses globalization and global labour patterns. The paper argues that in a globalized world corporations are determining the labour conditions in both developed and developing countries. It suggests that the corporations are essentially making cheap, unskilled and flexible labourers.
From the Paper "Globalization and Global Labour Patterns Globalization is one of the most controversial issues in politics and economics. In "Note on Terminalogy" David McNally defines globalization as, "The mainstream term for the new world Economy of the past twenty years" (McNally 9). How exactly has the world economy changed? While discussing the political and economic changes that have occurred over the last three decades Teeple explains, A system of highly integrated world trade was an irreversible fact by the end of the 1970s, confirmed and hastened by the new means of transportation and communications, whose increased productivity were transforming the worldwide distribution of products and hence the global conditions for valorization (Teeple 71)."
Abstract This paper examines the chapter entitled "Housewifization International: Women and the New International Division of Labour", written by Maria Mies. The paper discusses concepts presented in this chapter, such as the role of women in the globalization of labour. The paper presents the writers views on the matter.
From the Paper "Women in the International Division of Labour Maria Mies' chapter entitled "Housewifization International: Women and the New International Division of Labour" examines the role of women in the globalization of labour. I found this chapter extremely useful, as I have recently been learning about the evils attendant upon globalization, but I have not learned about the genderized nature of this movement. In fact, I realize that a gender lens has been conspicuously absent from most of what I have read, and therefore this chapter is valuable in terms of filing in that gap."
Abstract This paper compares the thinking of Karl Marx and Emile Durkheim on the division of labour and social change. It analyzes how each theorist addresses similar social political and economic issues from fundamentally distinct perspectives. The paper demonstrates a critical point of difference between the two thinkers and how that lies in their understanding of the social function of the division of labour and how, in the view of Marx, it leads to social oppression and class conflict, while in the view of the functionalist Durkheim its consequences include individualism and civilization with social solidarity as its function.
Abstract This paper discusses how the Canadian labour market is currently experiencing a perfect storm of circumstances that is creating an environment conducive to some of the best employment data in decades. The paper further discusses how analysts point out that the low unemployment figures, between 4 and 5 percent, have fuelled housing related spending as well as benefited from the high prices of natural commodities where those industries have greatly expanded operations over the last 5 years. Yet, in spite of such strong economic support for continued employment strength, analysts are also quick to note that continued inflationary pressures combined with global market related factors related to competitive labour practices are sure to affect an overall increase in unemployment figures over the next several years
Abstract This paper discusses two cases of labour relations and management issues in Canada, namely the Navistar case in Ontario and the Western Customer Management Inc. case in British Columbia. The paper briefly discusses the legal ramifications of the use of scabs and Ontario's decision in 1995 to lift the anti-scab legislation, which led to the injury of six Navistar employees during a strike.
From the Paper "Why is Western management denying us access to free democratic vote? When it comes to union organization, it is illegal for employers to interfere and prohibit the creation of unions. In Canada, it is against the law for employers to use intimidation tactics and harassment in an effort to discourage employees from joining a union. Organizations are prohibited from discriminating and demoting workers based on their union membership. Under federal and provincial labour laws, employers are permitted to express their opinions so long as they do not commit illegal labour practices ("Your Rights", 2005, para. 4). "
Abstract This paper addresses gender discrimination in the Canadian labour force. The paper makes the argument that there is a wage gap between men and women in Canada. The paper discusses theories as to why this wage gap may exist and if this is likely to change in the future.
From the Paper "Gender Discrimination in the Canadian Labour Force Gender discrimination continues to be a problem in the Canadian workforce. Women in particular are still experiencing a wage gap in the labour force. According to Lois Moorcroft in Newfoundland Women Want Pay Equity Too, "...Full-time working women still earn only 72.5 per cent of men's salaries" (Moorcroft 2005: 6). A great deal of time and effort is being spent in order to try and rectify this situation. For example, In the 1950s, the federal government and seven of the ten provinces enacted legislation enabling 'equal pay for equal work (England and Gad 2002: 283)."
Abstract Media portrayals of third world children making shoes, shirts, or rugs for sale in their homelands have provoked calls for trade sanctions and boycotts against companies and countries that use children as their cheaplabour source. This paper argues that the simple abolition of child labour in a third world nation is not the best way of helping third world children. It looks at how one has to understand the complex relationship between child labour and the rights of children and their unique social, economic and cultural backgrounds and norms if one is to help improve living conditions of the marginalized group of children in third world nations.
From the Paper "According to the International Labour Organization (ILO), there were some 211 million children ages five to fourteen at work in economic activity in the world in 2000, which is a little less than one-fifth of all children in this age group. Over one hundred and twenty million are employed full-time and one hundred and thirty million combine their works with non-economic activities, such as helping chores, running errands, or babysitting their younger siblings. In the Asia and Pacific region, nineteen per cent of children ages five to fourteen are economically active, Latin America and Caribbean sixteen per cent, and Sub-Saharan Africa twenty nine per cent. "
Abstract This paper examines how New Labour has distinguished itself from traditional Keynesian Labour, assuming that it has to deal with a mixed economy in which the private sector has been given more and more importance. It looks at how consequently, polemics have emerged around the question of knowing if Labour is closer to the centre-left or to the "New Right". It also discusses how New Labour has met serious difficulties to be considered as a proper political social democrat ideology rather than a pragmatic approach to rising Britain's socio-economic difficulties.
Outline:
New Labour as a Fundamentally New Political Ideology or As a Pragmatic Political Programme
New Labour in the Logic of a Historical Change Process of the Labour Party
New Labour's Main Objectives
New Labour: A Real Shift in Governing Strategies?
New Labour's Welfare Reforms and its "Distinctiveness"
New Labour's Governing Strategies as Distinctive from Those Of Old Labour and Thatcherism?
New Labour Closer to the Centre-Left or to the "New Right"?
Conclusion
From the Paper "New Labour is certainly not particularly distinctive from its governing predecessors in terms of depoliticisation. In 1998, Gordon Brown, the Chancellor of the Exchequer, established that the Bank of England would be independent in the determination of interest rates. Consequently the Blair government reject a level of political responsibility in the implementation of core economic policies: indeed, interest rates used to be a fundamental economic tool for British governments under Old Labour's Keynesianism to solve Britain's relative economic decline. It is also a policy in rupture with Thatcherism's monetarist policies which tried to fight the inflation by regulating the amount of money in circulation. "
Abstract This paper looks at how international labour migration from Poland to Western Europe has proved to be an effective strategy in overcoming some of the multiple problems of transformation after the communist system collapsed. It argues that Poles generally have access only to the secondary sector of labour economy. It also examines how bilateral intergovernmental agreements, official statistical data and survey results suggest that the labour flows to the primary labour markets are limited due to the structural constraints of European economies as well as migration policies and regulations of receiving societies.
Outline
Abstract
Introduction
Chapter 1 Theoretical Framework
Segmented Labour Market Theory of International Migration
Some Empirical Applications of Segmented Labour Market Theory
Chapter 2 Historical Roots Of Migration From Poland
Basic Migration Features Before the Communist Period (Up To 1945)
Basic Migration Features During the Communist Regime (1945-1979)Liberalization of the 1980s
Changes Caused by the Transition Period. Migrations After the 1990s
Chapter 3 Analysis of Polish Access to the Economic Sectors of the Western European Labour Markets
Structure of the Analysis and Methodological Considerations
Migration Policy
Bilateral Agreements on Foreign Employment of Poles
Seasonal Work in Germany
Project-Tied Employment by Polish Companies in Germany
Polish Labour Presence In Other Countries Of Western Europe (Employment In Western Europe Beyond the Framework of Bilateral Agreements)
Push Factors Responsible For Current Migration Flows-Migrants Characteristics
Summary of the Results
Conclusions
Bibliography
From the Paper "The complexity and diversification of international migration has resulted in the fact that there is no single theory or model which would be able to explain the phenomenon of migration satisfactorily and to capture dynamics of the process and conditions related to its various phases. However, different models were adopted in the attempt to reveal and predict various specific aspects associated with it. Among the most important theories which aim to explain causes of international migration, its development, and why it tends to sustain, are the neo-classical economics, the new economics of migration, segmented labour market theory, world system theory, social capital theory, and cumulative causation. The latter models accentuate different aspects of this phenomenon."
Abstract This paper explains that Eric Shaw's book "The Labour Party Since 1979: Crisis and Transformation" is extremely well written because it chronicles the decline and resurgence of the Labour party by using carefully constructed historical rhetoric and an understanding of the cultural and economic changes, which influenced the Labour reformation. The author points out that Shaw writes that the Labour party needed to change not only because there was rancorous partisanship within its own party but also because the changing times demanded a new approach to Labour's marketing and philosophical vision. The paper relates that the efforts of Kinnoch to change the radical leftists into a more modern and moderate party were the effective means, which lead to the strong position the Labour party occupied going into the 90s.
From the Paper "By the end of 1983, there was a major crisis at hand, not only had the Labour presence severely diminished, but also the world was about to see the rise of one of the strongest conservative leaders to ever reign in parliament. Margaret Thatcher's approach to government was very different, and her policies were much more practical in its implementation and approach. As a result, the Labour party lacked the organization and the strong philosophical backbone to do challenge the conservatives. From 1983 to 1987, Shaw argues that the Labour party finally became to realize that if it was to survive it had to progressively modernize its fundamental vision."
Abstract David Bright's "The Limits of Labour: Class Formation and the Labour Movement in Calgary, 1883-1929" reflects the new generation of Canadian labour studies. It analyzes the diversity of working class culture in Calgary and cleavages within the working class during the earliest phase of industrialization in Calgary. It dismisses the traditional notion that Calgary's labour movement was ethnically homogenous and conservative.
Abstract Unpaid domestic labour is homemaking and childrearing. By definition 'unpaid' labour is exploitation. Paid domestic labour includes live-in nannies and other domestic servants. These are underpaid, overworked and frequently women of colour.
A critical review of the article "Trade and Labour Standards--Theory, New Empirical Evidence and Policy Implications" by Vivek Dehejia and Yiagadeesen Samy.
Abstract The paper examines the article "Trade and Labour Standards--Theory, New Empirical Evidence, and Policy Implications" where the authors discuss labour standards in high standard and low standard countries, potential links between these labour standards and each market's comparative trade advantages and the relationship between labour standards in general and export markets. The paper shows how the authors are adept at proper research methodologies but maintains that they need to refine their topic and make the subject of the research somewhat more useful for the intended audience.
From the Paper "Labour standards are an important issue within the context of trade negotiations and the policy formulation which accompanies them. The authors do an excellent job of making the relationship between these two concerns readily apparent to even the average reader that may not be intimately familiar with trade related information. The primary concern regarding labour standards in trade negotiations is how they impact a particular market's ability to leverage comparative trade advantages or in how to construct an equitable tariff structure: "Labour interests in high-standards countries argue that low labour standards are an unfair source of comparative advantage, and that increasing imports from low-standards countries will have an adverse impact on wages and working conditions"(Dehejia & Samy 3)."
Tags: export, market, tariffs, trade, negotiations, research, model
Abstract This essay will examine the issue of Canadian labour market regulations and analyzes the impact labour market regulations have had on the Canadian economy both on its own terms and in an international context. This will help to determine the long-term and lasting impact labour advocacy for regulation has had on the economic underpinnings of our society, and whether they only serve moral purposes or whether they help to induce a more dynamic economic system.
