Abstract This paper examines how the teen pregnancy phenomenon simply does not go away, no matter how much parents and schools and communities attempt to eliminate it and how there is no ethnic or racial group, or religious group, which is immune from the problem. It looks at how the problem is seemingly irresolvable and how it is exacerbated by the increasing availability of sexually-explicit materials and programs, including books, magazines, movies, cable TV programs, X-rated Internet Web sites and chatrooms, and more. It discusses how the responsibility for the sexual behavior of teenagers will, ultimately, always come down to the parents and families and how churches, schools, community health organizations, media agencies, and other concerned volunteers and professionals should certainly coordinate more closely to combat the problem.
From the Paper "Hard as communities and agencies try, they seem to fail at stopping teen pregnancies, albeit, between 1991 and 1999, fewer girls in "every state" gave birth (Wetzstein, 2001), bringing the national teenage rate to its lowest level in 14 years. This drop, according to Child Trends, was possibly due to HIV / AIDs education programs, which frightened teens; dying from AIDS is indeed a more serious problem than just becoming pregnant. Still, over a million teen pregnancies a year indicates that the problem is not going away."
Abstract This paper explains that, in the 1970s, the innovative educational theorist J.E. Kemp created a model of instructional design, which stressed the need for teachers to create a lesson plan tailored to the needs of individual learners. The author points out that, technologically, much has changed since the evolution of Kemp's model, such as the development of the Internet and the explosion of opportunities for online learning. The paper describes that the Internet can help teachers achieve Kemp's learning objectives in many ways. The author relates that, rather than having to worry about scheduling individual meetings to discuss course content and student objectives, students and teachers can be in constant one-on-one contact through message boards and chatrooms.
From the Paper "Even in 1971, Kemp's stated purpose was to be innovative, and make the maximum use of technology his era afforded, such as films, television and audiovisual materials. This is why today the Jerrold Kemp Design Model's holistic approach to instructional design is ideally suited for web-based course instruction. Virtually every possible individual factor in the learning environment us taken into consideration when creating a lesson plan--there is no concept of a generic learner, rather every learner, and thus every class is unique."
Abstract The paper relates that John Searle developed his Chinese room argument in response to some of those who argue that strong artificial intelligence is possible. As will be shown, the Chinese room argument was a thought experiment that appeared to constitute a good argument against the possibility of strong artificial intelligence. The paper shows how it was a sufficiently good argument that many people have been provoked to present counter-arguments in an attempt to rebut Searle's argument. In the paper, the Systems Reply will be considered, as it is proposed that this is the strongest reply to date.
Abstract This paper looks at ways in which this nation's emergency rooms are made inefficient for both the patients who they are meant to serve and the professionals that staff them, due to delays. This paper first reviews the literature and then evaluates the causes of lengthy emergency department wait times. This paper concludes with recommendations and ideas for possible solutions to this problem.
From the Paper "This paper will analyze the wait time as seen in this nation's hospital emergency rooms. The four scholarly sources to be used are as follows. In "Making room for more," from the journal Modern Healthcare, Mary Chris Jaklevic studies the problems of a swamped Chicago emergency department and the remedies that were implemented. In "Avoiding the health care squeeze," Susan J. Wells looks at ways in which certain health care groups have streamlined their struggling emergency departments. In "Emergency department operations: The basis for developing a simulation tool," Marmor and Sinreich detail how technology has been used to best avoid inefficiency in emergency rooms. Finally, in "Urban health care in transition: Challenges facing Los Angeles County," from the journal Health Care Financing Review, Long and Zuckerman detail Los Angeles' plans to revamp traditional emergency medicine by depending instead on community-based care."
Abstract This paper explains that computer-aided instruction (CAI) and computer-based training (CBT) have provided both graduates and undergraduates the drill-and-practice systems, that have replaced teachers in routine coaching duties. The author points out that, despite reservations being made by a number of researchers, nearly every higher education institute in the United States is in favor of distance-learning programs because they can cut costs. The paper states that the Internet will become an inseparable part of all the educational systems in the new millennium.
Table of Contents
Statement of Purpose
Search Strategies
The Approach Utilized
Data Gathering and Utilizing Method
Keywords Used
Introduction
Computer-Aided Instruction and Computer-Based Training
Internet Impact: Distance Learning, Cost Reduction, and Increased Access
Calendar of Class Sessions
Virtual Office Hours
ChatRooms Video and Movie Clips
"Live" Computer Programs
Two-way Interactive Communication
On-demand Communication Protocol
Wide Communication Bandwidth
Intelligent Tutoring Systems
Interactive Learning Environments
Internet Impact: Turning Expensive Stand-Alone Systems into Cheaper Distance-Learning Technologies
Conclusion
From the Paper "The impact of Internet on the traditional learning system has raised doubts in the minds of the several researchers. John and Donald assert, ?Some persons are so addicted to its use to the extent they have actually flunked out of college, lost their marriage partners, become mentally sick, given up their jobs, and decreased their human contacts. Furthermore, one more researcher asserts that having access to the Internet does not assure that students will use the information accessible to them from the internet will be used to gain useful knowledge."
Abstract This paper explains that many professors dislike teaching distance learning courses because they feel that they can not get to know their students; however, many of these professors also have a fear of using new teaching technologies. The author points out that distant learning technology via the Internet includes a simple web site, an e-mail address plus the use of chatrooms or other on line get-togethers where students can share their thoughts and feelings. The paper concludes that university professors should be taught how to use technology correctly to ensure successful teaching of distance learning courses so that their abilities and wisdom can be utilized and imparted to various students via the Internet and other forms of distance learning.
From the Paper "Asking the students to rate a teacher's web site, response time to e-mail and other issues would give a reasonable assessment using qualitative methods of the effectiveness that a particular instructor has in using technology skills. The impact of these technology skills is a little harder to measure. Whether students feel as though they have gotten something out of the course and how much of that relates to the technology that was employed during the course and being required to do things on the Internet is one way that this can be measured."
Abstract This research paper investigates the impact of e-communities. It defines what an e-community is and how a virtual community differs from a "real" community. It also looks at the ways in which virtual and "real" communities are similar. The paper then provides some examples of and specific characteristics of e-communities and looks at some of the dangers and mis-communications in regard to e-communities. The paper contains charts and figures.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Abbreviations
I. Introduction: The "Dawn" of E-communities
Virtual or E-Communities
Hypothesis
Research Questions
An E-Community Consists of . . .
Aims and Objectives
Scope of Study
Following Chapters
II. Literature Review: The Community in E-Communities
"Being" a Member of an E-community
E-community Components
Examples of E-Communities
Concerns & Dangers involved in E-communities
Potential Benefits of E-communities
Emerging E-communities
Communication: Central to Community Life
Dating E-communities
E-community ChatRooms III. Methodology: Making "Sense" of E-Communities
Representing Communities
Explanation of Approach
Questionnaire Answers
Investigation Factors
IV. Analysis: Estimations of E-Communities' Impact
Composites Clarified
E-communities Depicted
The Battle for the Hearts and Minds
Top 10 E-communities
Family Depiction
Data and Charts
V. Summary: Consensus of E-Communities Contributions
E-Community Reflections
Summary
Aims and Objectives
Discussion
Limitations and Recommendations
For Further Consideration
On and Off Line
Conclusion Regarding Verdict for Hypothesis
Limitations and Recommendations
For Further Consideration
Appendix
From the Paper "One way eBay nurtures trust is through its reputation system while its success has been attributed to its commitment to developing a sense of community. eBay attracts and retains buyers and sellers to its site by affecting exchanges that are satisfactory to both buyers and sellers. eBay also provides information, learning opportunities, as well as personal development pursuits and fun, and relaxation. As e-bay implements specific strategies, along with the particular social psychological framework noted by Scott and Johnson (2005) to be described by Beenan et al. (2004), the e-community ensures individuals' responses are acknowledged, while they may also be recognized and rewarded. In August 2004, the average eBay user remained on the site for one hour and 48 minutes, which in 2040 denoted the longest time duration of any Web site."
Abstract This paper compares and contrasts the characters within "A Room with a View" by E.M. Foster and "Jacob's Room" by Virginia Woolf. The characters Lucy and Jacob both represent two different classes of people in their contrast, but invariably present similar instances of independent lifestyles that stray from societal norms.
From the Paper "In this literary study a character analysis in the novels A Room with A View by E.M. Foster and Jacob's Room by Virginian Woolf will be examined. The two characters Jacob and Lucy will be brought forth to reveal comparing and contrasting elements of class differentiation and their perceptions of life. While Jacob and Lucy both represent drastically different classes of people; they invariably reflect similar characteristics in how they achieve independence in their lives. In the novel Jacob's Room the main character Jacob represents a middle class individual who has a yearning desire to experience life. However, his middle class upbringing reveals the hardships of his life that he will ultimately face, especially due to his inexperience as a youth."
Abstract This paper discusses the increasing preference of women to give birth in birthing rooms. It discusses the benefits of the relaxed and comfortable environment of the birth rooms and how many hospitals are now beginning to build birthing rooms. The paper discusses the necessary amenities that should be available in all birthing rooms for a comfortable, yet safe delivery.
From the Paper "Recent research has shown that the place of birth has a direct impact on the pace and quality of delivery, and when the woman feels confident and satisfied with the choice that she has made about her place of delivery, then she can be sure that her delivery would be as uncomplicated and natural as she desired it to be. A birthing room in a hospital, with the bare minimum of medical intervention and a homely atmosphere, with provisions for the partner and the family of the woman to take part in the amazing phenomenon of birth would be the ideal option for today's woman having a baby, unless she has had complications during her pregnancy, for which a hospital setting would be a much better option. Having a safe and comfortable and natural delivery is the ideal of every woman on earth, and if a hospital facilitates this, then the woman would be obliged forever to the hospital and the medical team that helped create this setting and put it into action. (Evidence regarding place of birth)"
Abstract When James Baldwin published his novel, "Giovanni's Room", in the 1950's, he was roundly criticized and judged for its then provocative images of homosexuality. This paper shows, however, that not all critics chastised Baldwin and describes some of the more positive reviews written about the novel. The paper then offers a critical perspective surrounding the time of publication of "Giovanni's Room" and examines James Baldwin within the context of the Civil Rights and Black Power Movements of the 1960s. This is followed by an examination of the metaphorical 'room' in the novel. The paper concludes with James Baldwin's views on homosexuality and his personal struggle with his own sexuality.
From the Paper "It can be argued that David, a white bi-sexual in search of his true sexual identity, torn between a gay love for Giovanni and a heterosexual love for Hella his lady friend, is himself a symbol ? through the novel ? of the alienation black homosexuals felt in the American culture. As an expatriate, David is by definition a man without a country, an outcast (which, as explained above, a gay black man like James was in the black U.S. community); and here in Paris, at the beginning of the novel, he can deceive himself into thinking he is a man with some substance. He isn"t a man of substance, because he is still in search of his own sexual identity, and he can"t rid himself of a homoerotic, friendship with "Joey" from his childhood."
Abstract The paper analyzes how the 1989 case of Ryan White, a patient who was given an AIDS contaminated blood transfusion in an emergency room, subsequently causing his death, began to create a growing anxiety for patients relating to emergency room care. The paper further analyzes how the United States will face a serious nursing and physician shortage in the next decade because of an increase in retirements; job dissatisfaction; and the aging 70 million members of the baby boomer generation. The paper concludes that Americans have reason to wonder if the care that they will receive in hospital emergency rooms will be adequate.
Abstract The paper discusses how the increase in diversity within modern elementary schools demands that greater effort is put into creating an environment in which all children can be successful. The paper examines what comprises a successful elementary school resource room that will be able to service all of the needs of a diverse student population. The paper looks at the types of students who would engage in this resource room, the kinds of services that would be provided, as well as the resources, materials and funding available for such a resource room.
From the Paper "The modern elementary school environment plays host to a plethora of students with different needs. Elementary resource rooms therefore must also be modified to help a greater diversity of students. Traditionally resources rooms were intended for special education needs. These students will have a variety of needs as, "The effects of physical disabilities may be visible or invisible. They include inability to walk and/or use the arms, hands or fingers, often resulting in the use of aids such as wheelchairs, calipers, crutches or walking sticks. Attendants may be needed for personal care and the student may rely on others for transport, photocopying, study notes and library assistance."(Sydney, npg)."
Abstract This paper analyzes the theme in "A Room of One's Own" , which discusses why there has been such a paucity of female fiction writers. The paper summarizes the reasons Woolf provides for this paucity and talks about what other feminist authors would say of Woolf's writings. Some of the criticisms that have been leveled at "A Room of One's Own" are also covered by this paper.
From the Paper "If, on the other hand, had Judith had money and education, we would perhaps be revering and celebrating the plays and stories of a Judith Shakespeare. While emphasizing the importance of financial freedom, Woolf acknowledges that her own literary pursuits have been enabled by her aunt Mary Beton who has bequeathed her five hundred pounds for the rest of her life. The book, based on a lecture delivered at Cambridge University, is quasi-fictional. Woolf admits to liberally creating fictional characters to further her cause. The name Mary Breton does occur in several settings?the name for her aunt and also a friend. No dishonesty is implied in the fictional accounts and they should not be construed as such."
Abstract This paper discusses Virginia Woolf's writing, "A Room of One's Own", which uses the stream of consciousness technique and talks about the prejudices and inequality that women, particularly women artists, faced in 19th century society, in Woolf's case, 19th century English society. It looks at how, in this work, Woolf cites the historical, social, political, and even economic dynamics that influence the society's outlook on the women sector, i.e., that women should not enjoy the freedom that men receive from the society. It also explores how, by discussing and analyzing the treatment of human society to women, Woolf objectively narrates, in detail, the discrimination committed against women in the third chapter of "A Room of One's Own".
From the Paper "The lack of acceptance of society to revolutionary changes about women's roles and image, which involves behavior and actions that are submissive to men and the society in general, is just one point that Woolf addresses in ?A Room.? Going further her ?monologue,? she enumerates the hindrances that prevent women from attaining a status equal to or higher than male artists, which are material and immaterial. The material hindrance concerns economic freedom, where Woolf posits, ?? for women"to have a room of her own" was out of the question? [s]ince her pin money? was only enough to keep her clothed; she was debarred from such alleviations?? This passage can be interpreted literally and figuratively, where the literary interpretation centers on the economic constraints that society imposes on women, resulting to financial dependency to men and ignorance because of lack of or insufficient education."
Abstract This paper studies the role of entrepreneurialism within the hospitality industry, particularly the rooms division management. The paper argues that despite the current success of the industry, entrepreneurialism and initiative are essential to its continued growth. The paper begins with an overview of the field of rooms division management, which includes responsibilities over revenue management, profitability, front office operations and the lodging and guest cycle. The paper then defines entrepreneurial management as building sustainable business through a continuous process. Included in this, according to the paper, is a reliance on management teams. The paper demonstrates how these operations require an entrepreneurial mindset based on the ability to "think outside the box". Examples focus on traditional financial management and yield management.
Introduction
Entrepreneurial Thinking
Leadership vs. Management
Traditional Financial Management
Yield Management
Conclusion
From the Paper "Entrepreneurial thinking offers ways of looking for different and new solutions. For Rooms Divisions Managers, this means looking past the traditional needs for hospitality-related services and finding proactive ways to secure higher revenues both now and in the future. People in management positions must think entrepreneurially in order to improve profitability, enhance guest relations, and strengthen the establishment's position in the community (Carwright, 2002).
It takes entrepreneurial thinking to overcome obstacles before they become problems. The Rooms Divisions Manager must have superior business as well as personal strengths such as good communication skills, the ability to promote teamwork and a sense of confidence and authority (Carwright, 2002)."
