Abstract
This paper explains that the Internet has spawned the development of e-therapy, which uses email, website postings, chat rooms, video conferencing, audio conferencing and telephone conferencing with a therapist to treat many disorders including bipolar disorder and even suicidality. The paper also relates that questions regarding validity, ethicacy and safety have resulted in four major mental health organizations issuing ethical guidelines. Some of the major ethical concerns are reviewed such as confidentiality, diagnosis and assessment, client verification, state licensing requirements, therapist credentials and fees and payment.

From the Paper
"There are no comprehensive guidelines in the provision of online therapy and there are also no current plans by APA to regulate online therapy. This forum may prove a valuable tool in reaching out to individuals who for various reasons can not or will not come in for traditional therapy. Online therapy has spawned a new professional organization, The International Society for Mental Health Online (ISMHO.) They, along with the Psychiatric Society for Informatics have issued a joint proposed set of ethics for online provision of mental health services."

Tags:access, chat rooms, confidentiality assessment expertise

Abstract
This paper looks at how the concept of travel is laced throughout the story of Amitav Ghosh's novel, "The Shadow Lines". It discusses how the structure of the novel itself suggests travel, as it is divided into two parts: "Going Away" and "Coming Back". It also examines the nature of travel and what it means to the characters Ghosh portrays. It also briefly examines the concepts of exile and redemption, particularly as it relates to the narrator.

Tags:amitav, ghosh, shadow

Abstract
In this article, the writer analyzes the film "Behind the Lines" and looks at soldiers that are all victims of World War I. The writer discusses that the film implies that the soldiers are also all victims of the folly of the previous generation of European leaders. The writer describes that the film, in chronicling the rehabilitation of British soldiers, thus makes a case that the 'war to end all wars' was actually a class-based war, waged by the rich for the sake of preserving their way of life, that killed both the next generations, of rich and working-class young men. The writer concludes that whether one agrees or disagrees with its historical assessment, the film's accuracy in terms of the literature and incidents it cites, gives it an ideological weight.

Outline:
Introduction--Plot Analysis and Theme
Body - Historical Accuracy and Thematic Analysis
Conclusion
Works Cited

From the Paper
"Although the film is set behind the battle lines, the presence of the futile 'no man's land' is present in the minds and the images of the entire film. The film is structured in a serious of flashbacks, flashing from wartime past to present, from present to the childhoods of the young men. The ever-present tyranny of the aristocracy is underlined by the location of the film, a Scottish Castle that was used as a military hospital for wounded officers. This is based upon an actual wartime 'truth,' namely that such old relics of the past gentry were used as hospitals. The image also creates a poignant and pointed backdrop that underlines the main themes of the film visually, namely that the beauty of such old ways of life was not worth the tremendous suffering used to preserve such a way of living."

Tags:war, soldiers, battle, suffering

Abstract
This paper reviews Michael Emery's book, "On the Front Lines". It focuses on the difficulties that American foreign correspondents faced in trying to report news in the 20th Century. It explores government censorship and the role of politics. The paper expands on the author's methodology whilst evaluating the book.

From the Paper
"In his book, "On the Front Lines," Michael Emery discusses the difficulties American foreign correspondents faced in trying to factually report international news. Emery's main notion is that as a democracy, the United States depends on a free ..."

Tags:Book, Emery, Press, News, Foreign, Correspondents, Censorship, War

Abstract
This paper discusses many studies and finds that saline was as effective as heparin in maintaining patency, preventing phlebitis and increasing the duration of peripheral intravenous lines. The author concludes that using normal saline rather than heparin as a flushing solution improves the quality of patient care by eliminating problems associated with anti-coagulant drug use and drug incompatibilities. The author also concludes that it is time saving in terms of nurse-hours needed and is cost-effective.

From the Paper
"According to LeDuc (1997), reports in the literature support the use of a normal saline solution for maintaining patency in peripheral intermittent intravenous devises in adults, but the data regarding its use in children is very limited. LeDuc thus designed a study to examine the effects of a heparin flush compared to a saline flush in maintaining the patency of infusion devices in pediatric patients, and to examine the cost saving implications of the treatments."

Tags:meta-study, patency, phlebitis, cost, anticoagulant

Abstract
This paper explains how the Information Highway will affect the society in a manner that cannot yet be imagined and instead of a means of uniting the world the author feels that the technological revolution is creating a divide within society furthering social stratification and changing the dynamics of interpersonal relationships.

From the paper:

"As the communications revolution reaches its climax the society is increasingly becoming virtual. Millions of Internet users are logging one every day and interacting with each other over the Internet. Where once socialization was limited within borders today, the society is increasingly becoming borderless as the Internet creates a global world. Chat systems like MSN and AOL Messenger, ICQ and MIRC have captured the people's imagination and no longer is there a need to have personal face-to-face meetings. The interactive software's allow a user to have web conferences, meetings and chat with more than one person at a time. Society is becoming impersonal as concepts like 'cyber love' and 'cyber world' emerge. "

Tags:computer, society, dating, relationships

Abstract
This research paper investigates the impact of e-communities. It defines what an e-community is and how a virtual community differs from a "real" community. It also looks at the ways in which virtual and "real" communities are similar. The paper then provides some examples of and specific characteristics of e-communities and looks at some of the dangers and mis-communications in regard to e-communities. The paper contains charts and figures.

Table of Contents:
Abstract
Abbreviations
I. Introduction: The "Dawn" of E-communities
Virtual or E-Communities
Hypothesis
Research Questions
An E-Community Consists of . . .
Aims and Objectives
Scope of Study
Following Chapters
II. Literature Review: The Community in E-Communities
"Being" a Member of an E-community
E-community Components
Examples of E-Communities
Concerns & Dangers involved in E-communities
Potential Benefits of E-communities
Emerging E-communities
Communication: Central to Community Life
Dating E-communities
E-community Chat Rooms
III. Methodology: Making "Sense" of E-Communities
Representing Communities
Explanation of Approach
Questionnaire Answers
Investigation Factors
IV. Analysis: Estimations of E-Communities' Impact
Composites Clarified
E-communities Depicted
The Battle for the Hearts and Minds
Top 10 E-communities
Family Depiction
Data and Charts
V. Summary: Consensus of E-Communities Contributions
E-Community Reflections
Summary
Aims and Objectives
Discussion
Limitations and Recommendations
For Further Consideration
On and Off Line
Conclusion Regarding Verdict for Hypothesis
Limitations and Recommendations
For Further Consideration
Appendix

From the Paper
"One way eBay nurtures trust is through its reputation system while its success has been attributed to its commitment to developing a sense of community. eBay attracts and retains buyers and sellers to its site by affecting exchanges that are satisfactory to both buyers and sellers. eBay also provides information, learning opportunities, as well as personal development pursuits and fun, and relaxation. As e-bay implements specific strategies, along with the particular social psychological framework noted by Scott and Johnson (2005) to be described by Beenan et al. (2004), the e-community ensures individuals' responses are acknowledged, while they may also be recognized and rewarded. In August 2004, the average eBay user remained on the site for one hour and 48 minutes, which in 2040 denoted the longest time duration of any Web site."

Tags:communication, chat, network

Abstract
This paper explains that many professors dislike teaching distance learning courses because they feel that they can not get to know their students; however, many of these professors also have a fear of using new teaching technologies. The author points out that distant learning technology via the Internet includes a simple web site, an e-mail address plus the use of chat rooms or other on line get-togethers where students can share their thoughts and feelings. The paper concludes that university professors should be taught how to use technology correctly to ensure successful teaching of distance learning courses so that their abilities and wisdom can be utilized and imparted to various students via the Internet and other forms of distance learning.

From the Paper
"Asking the students to rate a teacher's web site, response time to e-mail and other issues would give a reasonable assessment using qualitative methods of the effectiveness that a particular instructor has in using technology skills. The impact of these technology skills is a little harder to measure. Whether students feel as though they have gotten something out of the course and how much of that relates to the technology that was employed during the course and being required to do things on the Internet is one way that this can be measured."

Tags:distant, face-to-face, chat, research, attitude

Abstract
This paper explains that the identity thief no longer needs to master the technical intricacies of computer science and hacking before setting out to appropriate a stranger's personal data. The author underscores that all the identity thief has to do is join one of the new on-line social networks, such as YouTube, FaceBook or JDate. The paper relates that many fans of these sites are alarmingly honest giving out their personal data, such as their social background, financial status, places of residence and career position. The author describes the method by which the identity thief gauges the desirability of a potential target and the way identity theft affects the victim.

From the Paper
"In addition, these same networking sites can often aid the identity thief in selling his stolen information to eager buyers: "The ability for hackers to go onto the Internet and chat up fellow hackers is as old as the Net itself. But with identity theft becoming a more popular form of fraud, according to the Federal Trade Commission (FTC), more attention is being paid to chat rooms that serve as flea markets for hackers." Again, anonymity is a major incentive here, and the FBI's dismal failure at apprehending the thieves stems directly from the fact that criminals always operate under the cover of multiple screen names."

Tags:anonymity safety buyers, invasion of privacy, chat rooms

Abstract
This research paper replicates a content analysis of personal advertisements by homosexual and heterosexual men and women that was done by M.H. Gonzales and S.A. Meyers (1993). The paper compares and contrasts the characteristics offered and requested by homosexual and heterosexual men and women in ads in 2007. Although the specific advertisements are not listed, the author includes the data coding sheets for characteristics offered and sought as written in the the "Vancouver Province" and the "Georgia Straight" newspapers. The paper reports that, overall, women are portrayed as beautiful. When people are looking for a date, they want one that is fun, easy to talk to, humorous and attractive.

Table of Contents:
Data Coding Sheet: Characteristics Offered
Data Coding Sheet: Characteristics Sought
Other Studies

From the Paper
"I have created two tables (adding a few categories: race, age, marital status, price and hair color) and will compare and contrast the characteristics offered and requested by homosexual and heterosexual men and women in ads in 2007 (14 years later!). I confess that this is not my idea of a great way to spend a day. Most happily married mothers read other things! My husband maintains that men don't place ads because women don't look in the paper for guys (I never did!). He says that women on the other hand do because men look at newspaper ads.'

Tags:orientation transgender attractiveness expressiveness, chat lines