Abstract This paper responds to a quotation in an article about a charity tax credit and how this affects government policy as well as how it affects charitable contributions. The paper further discusses why tax credits should not be used to encourage charitable giving because this links private giving and government moneys in an effort to shift certain governmental responsibilities to the private sector.
From the Paper "Neil Brooks in his essay on charitable contributions and tax policy notes how a newspaper reporter was told about a college official who "was seen as a great fundraiser rather than a brilliant thinker . . . [who was able to turn] his political, business and social connections into big dollars for the university" (67). This reference is part of the author's discussion of why tax credits should not be used to encourage charitable giving because this links private giving and government moneys in an effort to shift certain governmental responsibilities to the private sector. "
This paper discusses the future of philanthropy and charity, which is experiencing a paradigm shift in both its funding and implementation, and presents a case study analysis of Circle K International, a collegiate service organization.
Abstract This paper explains that the words "philanthropy" and "charity" are often confused: ?Charity? directly meets or addresses the needs of a group or individual; whereas, "philanthropy" aims at correcting the underlying social conditions causing such need. The author describes the two most significant trends in non-profits: The giving function, which refers specifically to the direct relationship between the donor and the service-providing charitable organizations, and the operations of the non-profits including its sources and methods of funding, its structures and strategies and its capacity for expansion and scope of mission. The author stresses that lessons learned from the business world are motivating these two trends to move toward a more accountable and a more efficient non-profit sector around the globe.
Table of Contents
Introduction
A Brief History of American Philanthropy and Charity Global Philanthropy Today
Research
The Challenges
The Changing Welfare State
U.S. Developments
International Developments
Globalization
Inefficient Business Practices
The Opportunities
The Changing Face of Philanthropy
New Methods and Models
New Philanthropic Organizations
Corporation Contributions and Corporate Social Responsibility
Research Summary and Case Study Introduction
Case Study and Analysis
Circle K International
Structure
Trends
Assessment
Analysis and Recommendations
Conclusion
Figures
From the Paper "While the business world has long known the benefits of infrastructure and capacity building, these expenses are often seen as an unnecessary premium in the non-profit world. The skill and vision necessary for conceptualizing and delivering quality social programming is often very different from that which is necessary to support internally organizational growth and improvements in quality. The analogy is clear in the business world ? many times the entrepreneur who creates a firm from scratch and brings it to major success is shown the door by future boards of directors because the entrepreneur does not have the skills to sustain long-term success. Those who best know a non-profit's constituency and can best serve the mission of the organization are not the ones who can maintain the whole organization as a viable and growing business. Therefore, in the interest of service, the latter is often forgone."
Abstract This paper discusses the importance of ethical investment and focuses on the investment behavior of charities. It explains that charities have been found lacking a clear SRI (Stanford Research Institute) policy even though the public clearly says it favors the charities that invest ethically.
From the Paper "Ethics and business are now so closely connected that you cannot discuss the latter without referring to the former. This is because most people today believe that ethics should be a part of every business policy and the public has become more conscious of the ethical responsibilities of business houses. This awareness has come from the realization that while all businesses may improve the economic condition of the country and accelerate economic activity, they do not necessarily benefit the society and many are unaware of their responsibility towards the community."
Abstract This paper takes a look at the financial structure of charity organizations and at what extent these are effective in supporting intended objectives. The author argues that often charities spend donations not in connection to their stated mission, and in many cases the money goes not where it is most needed.
From the Paper "Americans are a very generous people, reaching into their pockets again and again to provide their personal and corporate dollars to support what they believe to be worthy causes ? they may not have the time to personally volunteer, but most are willing, at least occasionally, to write a check to support those that do.The U.S. has 1.4 million tax-exempt organizations. It's probably a safe bet that most are well-intentioned and honest. But a lot of them are simply "inefficient" ? they spend donations meant to help people in need on staff salaries or direct-mail marketing. Some do not even put donations to use toward their stated mission (Forbes, 1999)."
Abstract The paper shows that associations among the characters of Perelandra, the Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe in C.S. Lewis' "The Four Loves" reveal the qualities of primary three kinds of love, namely: erotic love, affection, and friendship. It discusses how the author, however, overwhelms and outshines these three forms by a superior form of love, charity. This is the fourth form of love described by Lewis for being the fountainhead of all loves. The paper shows that in the opinion Lewis, all other forms of love take their origin from charity. It shows how this fact is also obvious in the story that it is not easy to classify the kind of love that exists between two entities - it can even be the case that two or more kinds of love be present in one association simultaneously.
From the Paper "Ransom's desperation to contact was the culmination of the instinctive desire of making friends in human beings. Though this desire is deeply-rooted in the usual familiarity of all individuals in the world, it is not a "must". C.S. Lewis illustrates friendship in The Four Loves as a simulated need and states, ?We can live and breed without friendship.? (The Four Loves, p.58). Ransom's distraction towards friendship was a "need-love" case that is profound in humans. Lewis says in relation to this "need" component of human liking, ?Our craving for the affection of others.? (The Four Loves, p.39)."
Abstract This paper discusses how the authors Charles Dickens and Elizabeth Gaskell present charity in the Victorian era. In addition to the traditional examples of the wealthy helping the poor, several cases where the poor assist each other can be found in these novels. The contrasting results of these attempts at aid demonstrate the author's opinions of the class structure in the Victorian era.
From the Paper "The impact of the generosity of the poor towards each other is apparent in Bleak House. Esther and Ada are visited by the overpoweringly charitable Mrs. Pardiggle, who takes them along on her rounds. She walks through the poor neighborhood with a "great show of moral determination" (Dickens 118) and stops first at the home of a brick maker. While her intentions are admirable in trying to help this family, her actual impact is minimal. It is apparent that her only aim at their house is to impress upon them her tirelessness. She emphasizes to everyone she encounters that "I enjoy hard work; and the harder you make mine, the better I like it" (Dickens 121). Her labor is to check in on the poor and frown upon their behaviors, encouraging them to seek her religion, literacy, and ethics. While she means well, advocating that the family seek better living conditions, she overlooks the simplest charity of all; helping the "poor gasping baby by the fire" (Dickens 118), whom she ignores throughout her visit. Ada and Esther are attuned to the languishing child's state, and see it die in its mother's arms just after Mrs. Pardiggle bustles out of the house."
Abstract This paper presupposes that there are some universal moral standards, then presents an argument that not extending significant charity is morally permissible. In response, a rebuttal is offered, citing reasons why the first argument is flawed. The paper concludes with the strongest reply to the objection just presented.
Abstract The paper begins by listing Lewis? four types of love - affection, friendship, romantic love and charity, and by emphasizing that no form of natural love can outlive charity (Agape), the love that comes from God as divine. It outlines the main theme of the book and distinguishes between these forms of love using quotes from the book to illustrate its points. Next the paper turns to the philosophy of divine love (love from God) ? a form different to all other types of love. It explores why it is the most important form of love for the spiritual development of an individual. It looks at the love relationship between God and man, elucidating how a healthy relationship involves need on the part of humans; and explains how a relationship with God, not based on need, could be perilous.
Table of Contents
The Theme
Distinguishing the Forms of Love
The Philosophy of Divine Love
The Element of Need
A Human's Love for God without Need
Conclusion
From the Paper "The Four Loves by C.S. Lewis focuses to develop the reader's comprehension of the various forms of love. Explaining from the biblical, as well as the modern perspective, Lewis enlightens that there are four forms of love: affection, friendship, romantic love and charity. In Greek, the affection between people and for things is called Storge; fraternal love and friendship is known as Phileo; Eros is the name given to romantic or sexual love; and charity or the love of God, in its divinity is termed Agape. With straightforwardness and cordiality, C.S. Lewis elucidates the ambiguity in one of the most shared and influential experience of human relationships. Lewis emphasizes that no form of natural love can outlive without Agape, the love that comes from God as divine."
Abstract This six-page masters paper is on "English law of trusts". It includes a critical analysis of the English Law of Charities (Trusts Law) in the context of introducing greater public transparency and Greater accountability of charities, English cases or legislation to re-enforce points made in the essay is crucial.
Abstract This paper assesses philanthropic and giving trends in recent years, presenting a case study of Circle K International, a collegiate service organization. The paper evaluates Circle K to see how the changing landscape of charity can help address its needs. The author, which spent a year studying Circle K, assesses the organization's strengths and weaknesses and makes strategic recommendations.
Table of Contents
Introduction
A Brief History of American Philanthropy and Charity Global Philanthropy Today
Research
The Challenges
The Changing Welfare State
U.S. Developments
International Developments
Globalization
Inefficient Business Practices
The Opportunities
The Changing Face of Philanthropy
New Methods and Models
New Philanthropic Organizations
Corporation Contributions and Corporate Social Responsibility
Research Summary and Case Study Introduction
Case Study and Analysis
Circle K International
Structure
Trends
Assessment
Analysis and Recommendations
Conclusion
Figures
Works Cited
From the Paper "Non-profits have seen a significant evolution in the funding and delivery of their services over the past century. Around the world, as time and the scholarly inquiry of philanthropy have progressed, charity has become increasing integrated into societal structures and human interactions. America's current non-profit sector is a perfect example: billions of dollars and millions of people involved in delivering an increasingly complex and diverse range of services to all walks of life. To cope with and advance upon the new dynamics of wealth, knowledge, and technology, the fundamental organization and operation of charities across the globe is rapidly changing. In this paper I will look at a brief history of charity both domestic and abroad, at the trends and future conditions of the non-profit sector, and at the particular case of Circle K International."
Abstract In this essay, the writer notes that the article "A Special Gift for Engaged Couple" by Noor Javed that appeared in the November 14, 2007 issue of The Toronto Star highlights many of the attitudes the author possesses regarding the role of social work and charity within society. The writer points out that a careful reading of the article reveals that Javed embraces--consciously or unconsciously--a social democratic perspective on the role of social work in society and the important role it can play. The writer discusses that while the article itself suffers from some structural problems that hinder readers' efforts to determine what social issue is at hand, the author's clear faith in the capacity of concerted charity work to improve the condition of the impoverished is clear.
From the Paper "Beyond this point, there is little to summarize within the article. It does not outline a clear social issue or problem, and actually does little to explain what the Santa Claus Fund is and how it will be employed to improve the lives of suffering individuals and communities in Canada. Instead, Javed considers the social work history of Lee, her consistent donations to worldwide relief agencies like UNICEF, and the important lessons she learned as a single mother. On the whole, I learned much more about Janet Lee and her apparently impressive socially conscious lifestyle. Rather than focus on the need of those people who are helped by the Santa Claus Fund, Javed focused on the implied nobility of those individuals who are selflessly willing to contribute to the Fund. Janet Lee is held high as a kind of progressive icon who lives a life of social virtue to which all of the rest of us can aspire."
Abstract This paper takes a look at the way poverty is portrayed in the media in the United States. Citing charity organizations such as World Vision and Habitat for Humanity, the author explains their need to hold campaigns and gain sympathy from the public in order for donations to come in. The paper discusses the similar visual representations that the advertisements that these charity organizations use - helpless, homeless, sad but cute looking children either in the US or third world countries wearing nothing but rags or nothing at all. The author argues that while these visual techniques do generate donations, they present a false image on what poverty actually looks like.
From the Paper "There are many charity organizations that help people in these situations, whether it be Habitat for Humanity which is an extremely active charity organization that provide homes for people in need, or World Vision which is a charity organization that provides clothing and food for children in poverty. But how do these charity organizations gain sympathy from the public and gain their generous donations? They need to convince them through various advertisements; however these advertisements all have similar visual representations: helpless, homeless, sad but cute looking children either in the US or third world countries wearing nothing but rags or nothing at all. They assume these ads will be the most persuasive, ultimately leading to the desired donation."
Abstract This paper surveys the history of the founding of the Kentuckiana Girls Scouts and their role in the community today. It explains some of the ceremonies and functions that the group participates in, the charities it assists and the good work it does. It also provides a look at the type of girl which is accepted into the group and how the Scouts help shape her development.
From the Paper "Girl Scouts is an organization that is dedicated in the growth and wellbeing of girls from age 5 to adulthood. This organization helps build character, self-esteem and skills for success. Girl Scouts also helps girls have a more understanding for nature and how to approach issues in their lives in a more responsible manner and achieve their full potential. "
Am examination of the concept and practice of Zkhat (the practice of giving to the needy) and its inclusion as the basic tenet of Islam, focusing on its role in development of Saudi Arabia.
2,925 words (approx. 11.7 pages), 9 sources, 2000, $ 103.95
Abstract "Most cultures have a tradition of encouraging charity and generosity, of enjoining those who have enough to give to those who do not. Most cultures tell their children cautionary tales about what happens to those who do not give to the needy.
From the Paper "Most cultures have a tradition of encouraging charity and generosity, of enjoining those who have enough to give to those who do not. Most cultures tell their children cautionary tales about what happens to those who do not give to the needy. In legends throughout the world and across the ages one can be pretty sure that the poor stranger who asks for only a crust of bread and a corner of a stable to rest in and is refused will turn out to be an angel or other powerful creature.
Islam, and predominantly Islamic countries like Saudi Arabia, has formalized this generally held human inclination towards charity. While Christians are told how Mary and Joseph were turned away again and again out of the lack of charity, it is Moslems who have incorporated the importance of giving as one of the five essential elements of their religion--just as those..."
Abstract This paper discusses the basic motivators of self-interest and fear that can be modified by other motivators including love, joy and pure charity. The author states that fear appears to be the motivator used historically to govern and rule. The paper discusses the life of Mother Teresa as an example of human kindness that humanity can be motivated by higher principles.
From the Paper "The fear of hell can also be shown as an example of how an unproven and quite possibly non-existent concept can be created in the collective minds of humanity, reinforced through manmade rituals, doctrines and tenets, and then used as a tool of terror in order to extract compliance from the masses. In this way, fear can be seen as a co-motivator along with self-interest. In order to avoid the sulphurous, eternal and terrifying tortures of hell, one does as one is told."
