Abstract
This paper explains that a new scheme has been introduced in London to manage the traffic congestion under which motorists are obliged to pay 5 everyday to enter central London. The author points out that the strength of this system lies in the fact that it helps reduce traffic, allowing journeys and delivery times to be more reliable, and simultaneously raises money in fees that can be reinvested in London's transport system. The paper concludes that, today, 100,000 people pay every day; the enforcement is working, and dissatisfaction with public transit is decreasing with more people riding the buses than just those displaced by pricing scheme.

Table of Contents
Introduction to the Congestion Charge
Why Was the Congestion Charge Introduced?
Benefits of the Congestion Charge to the Public
How does the Congestion Charge Work?
Primary Activities
Who Has to Pay Congestion Charge?
Congestion Charge Encouraging New Modes of Transport
Support Activities
Success of the System
Strengths of the Scheme
Weaknesses of the Scheme
Opportunities in the Scheme
Threats Presented in the Scheme
Conclusion

From the Paper
"The scheme was introduced during the weeklong mid-term school holidays, during which the traffic was reduced by about 20 percent. The scheme started at 7am as a move to control the heavy traffic in London. However, the London Mayor Ken Livingstone, felt that the scheme is more of an political gamble then a program with a goal to reduce congestion in the British capital, where the average speed of the is sometimes less than 10 mph during the peak hours of the day."

Tags:scheme, pay, bus, gamble, central

Abstract
This paper explores the meanings of the word, "charge" in the contexts of hymn "A charge to keep I have." By considering the history of the composition of the hymn and various definitions of the word itself, "charge" comes to signify the act of faith and praising that faith at the same time. A "charge" assumes both an act of caring and the assumption of a responsibility, a burden. This paper considers how understanding the meanings of the word provide depth to the meaning of the hymn.

Abstract
Leaders: Strategies for Taking Charge (Bennis and Nanus, 1997) was originally published in 1985, making it one of the older books on leadership on the market. However, it remains an important and relevant book, as will be discussed in this essay. The book is full of advice for ordinary people who want to become leaders today. Leaders: Strategies for Taking Charge (Bennis and Nanus, 1997) was originally published in 1985, making it one of the older books on leadership on the market. However, it remains an important and relevant book, as will be discussed in this essay. The book is full of advice for ordinary people who want to become leaders today.

From the Paper
Leaders: Strategies for Taking Charge Leaders: Strategies for Taking Charge (Bennis and Nanus, 1997) was originally published in 1985, making it one of the older books on leadership on the market. However, it remains an important and relevant book, as will be discussed in this essay. The book is full of advice for ordinary people who want to become leaders today. Leaders: Strategies for Taking Charge is touted as "The Timeless Classic of Leadership," and as "One of the top 50 business books of all time" (Bennis and Nanus, 1997, back cover). These claims are made by the publishers, and so of course must be read with caution. However, the

Tags:leaders, bennis, nanus

Abstract
This paper examines the article entitled, "A Qualitative Study of Charge Nurse Competencies," written by Lynne Conelly, Linda Yoder and Denise Miner-Williams. The paper specifically discusses the problem that is presented in the article of the lack of guidelines that would enable a charge nurse to correctly perform his/her duties. The paper also describes the strengths and weaknesses of the study.

Table of Contents:
Problem
Limitations
Strengths

From the Paper
"Although the limitations of the study included too many variables the one item that aided the data analysis was that Connelly et al., although having too many nurse managers to interview, allowed the methodology to have 42 interviews to correctly ensure that the large group's answers were valid and more importantly cohesive. Thus, although the limitations were lain within too many variables of nurses, the study correctly incorporated so many nurses so to prove the over all cohesion that exists within the group; so, even though there were too many nurses, their answers during the interview were strikingly similar (299). This cohesion was further emphasized by the different ages of the nurses interviewed, the different forms of nurses interviewed, and the diverse background of nurses interviewed."

Tags:responsibility, performance, guidelines

Abstract
This paper explains that Dan Ciampa and Michael Watkins in "Right from the Start: Taking Charge in a New Leadership Role" introduce seven fundamental propositions for meeting the challenge of a new leadership position such as (1) a new leader has two to three years to make a noticeable difference in company culture and (2) new leaders need to be able to balance focus and flexibility. The author points out that the writers discuss the importance of visioning, imagining what one wants the successful company to look like in five or ten years, and then using these visions to create a political base and to start influencing cultural change. The paper relates that the book talks about managing oneself by having an awareness of one's personal style, realizing its strengths and weaknesses and receiving advice and counsel from others.

From the Paper
"When change is coming, there are usually three types of workers. Those who support the change, those who oppose the change, and those who are neutral and could go either way. Ciampa and Watkins suggest actively pursuing the people who support change and are neutral. The ones who are completely opposed will either have to be won over (unlikely), coerced, or removed from their position. This discussion of coalition building reminds me of something I've done wrong on several jobs. Wanting everyone to be in agreement, I would actively pursue the factions that did not want change and ignore the people who were on my side or who might have been on my side with a little persuasion. I did exactly the opposite of good coalition building!"

Tags:enabling, coalition, visioning, influence, style

Abstract
The dialogue by Plato titled "The Apology", is more or less the trial of Socrates by the democratic office of Athens. As is generally known, Socrates is condemned to death. Although he presents a good defence for himself, the dialogue nevertheless results in the establishment of his guilt. In the dialogue in question, Socrates is charged with two major violations against the City-State or Athens. The charges which were made, were that he was 'teaching what was above and below the earth' (challenging the religion of the state), and that he was 'corrupting the youth'. It will be argued that although he was innocent of challenging the existence of the 'gods', it will also be argued that he can be understood as guilty with respect to corrupting the youth. His guilt will be presented in terms of the challenges which he makes to the ideas surrounding democracy.

Tags:socrates', defence

Abstract
The article I am summarizing is "Pickton gets maximum sentence for murders" from CBC News, December 12, 2007. It tells the story of the sentencing of a serial killer, Robert Pickton. He was found guilty in December 2007 on six charges of second degree murders, and he was sentenced to life in prison in New Westminster, British Columbia. He got the maximum sentence because Judge James Williams said the community was outraged by his murders.

From the Paper
The Social Problem of Prostitution Media and a Social Problem Research Assignment: The Social Problem of Sex Workers The article I am summarizing is "Pickton gets maximum sentence for murders" from CBC News, December 12, 2007. It tells the story of the sentencing of a serial killer, Robert Pickton. He was found guilty in December 2007 on six charges of second degree murders, and he was sentenced to life in prison in New Westminster, British Columbia. He got the maximum sentence because Judge James Williams said the community was outraged by his murders. The judge described the victims of Pickton as

Tags:sex, work, problems

Abstract
The paper examines the article "Charges Rampant on Stem Cell Issue: Look Into Claims Reveals Facts Behind Stances of Both Sides" that relates how Michigan is preparing for a statewide vote on the issue of embryonic stem cell research. The paper discusses the many benefits of stem cell research and explains how the pending Michigan proposal aims to permit the use of embryonic stem cells for research that is permitted by federal law. The writer of this paper is of the opinion that the Michigan proposal is both necessary, but also insufficient.

Outline:
Background of the Issue
The Importance of Embryonic Stem Cell Research to Human Medicine
Conclusion

From the Paper
"According to the article, Michigan is preparing for a statewide vote on the issue of embryonic stem cell research. Proposal 2 is about an amendment to Michigan state law that currently prohibits any research use of embryonic stem cells. Michigan is one of the few states that actually prohibits embryonic stem cell research; the proposal, if passed on November 4, 2008, would permit the use of embryonic stem cells for research use that is permitted by federal law (Hornstein, 2008; Satyanarayana, 2008).
"Under federal law, embryonic stem cell research may not be funded by federal money, but such research is not illegal. Critics of that distinction have pointed out that the federal funding ban achieves almost the same purpose as an outright ban on this valuable form of research, simply because medical research of this type is far too expensive for private institutions to conduct and relies nearly completely on federal funding (Kinsley, 2007). Most states do not actually prohibit privately funded stem cell research, but Michigan specifically outlaws some of the most potentially beneficial medical research in the field of modern medicine."

Tags:embryos, zygotes, eggs, IVF

Abstract
This paper provides a discussion that in his speech defending himself from charges of corrupting youth and impiety to the gods, Socrates is actually defending the need to follow the path of truth and justice at all costs, since these are the values the gods clearly favor in Plato's "Apology".

From the Paper
"The formal charges against Socrates include the charge that he is a corruptor of the youth of Athens through the teaching of philosophy and the charge that he has shown impiety to the Gods. In Socrates' defense against these charges found in Plato's "Apology", we see that he supports law and justice but not unjust law. Socrates advocates following the path of justice and truth at all times as the means for an individual to act most pious toward the gods. Socrates believes there is a higher..."

Tags:philosophy, wisdom, action, consequences, manmade law, higher law, virtues, death, self-examination

Abstract
The paper discusses various forms in which workplace injuries and death can occur and explains under what kind of circumstances can charges be levied against the employers

Tags:BUSINESS / EMPLOYMENT, WORK RELATED ISSUES, declined workplace fatalities