Abstract
This paper explains that a new scheme has been introduced in London to manage the traffic congestion under which motorists are obliged to pay 5 everyday to enter central London. The author points out that the strength of this system lies in the fact that it helps reduce traffic, allowing journeys and delivery times to be more reliable, and simultaneously raises money in fees that can be reinvested in London's transport system. The paper concludes that, today, 100,000 people pay every day; the enforcement is working, and dissatisfaction with public transit is decreasing with more people riding the buses than just those displaced by pricing scheme.

Table of Contents
Introduction to the Congestion Charge
Why Was the Congestion Charge Introduced?
Benefits of the Congestion Charge to the Public
How does the Congestion Charge Work?
Primary Activities
Who Has to Pay Congestion Charge?
Congestion Charge Encouraging New Modes of Transport
Support Activities
Success of the System
Strengths of the Scheme
Weaknesses of the Scheme
Opportunities in the Scheme
Threats Presented in the Scheme
Conclusion

From the Paper
"The scheme was introduced during the weeklong mid-term school holidays, during which the traffic was reduced by about 20 percent. The scheme started at 7am as a move to control the heavy traffic in London. However, the London Mayor Ken Livingstone, felt that the scheme is more of an political gamble then a program with a goal to reduce congestion in the British capital, where the average speed of the is sometimes less than 10 mph during the peak hours of the day."

Tags:scheme, pay, bus, gamble, central

Abstract
This paper explores the meanings of the word, "charge" in the contexts of hymn "A charge to keep I have." By considering the history of the composition of the hymn and various definitions of the word itself, "charge" comes to signify the act of faith and praising that faith at the same time. A "charge" assumes both an act of caring and the assumption of a responsibility, a burden. This paper considers how understanding the meanings of the word provide depth to the meaning of the hymn.

Abstract
Leaders: Strategies for Taking Charge (Bennis and Nanus, 1997) was originally published in 1985, making it one of the older books on leadership on the market. However, it remains an important and relevant book, as will be discussed in this essay. The book is full of advice for ordinary people who want to become leaders today. Leaders: Strategies for Taking Charge (Bennis and Nanus, 1997) was originally published in 1985, making it one of the older books on leadership on the market. However, it remains an important and relevant book, as will be discussed in this essay. The book is full of advice for ordinary people who want to become leaders today.

From the Paper
Leaders: Strategies for Taking Charge Leaders: Strategies for Taking Charge (Bennis and Nanus, 1997) was originally published in 1985, making it one of the older books on leadership on the market. However, it remains an important and relevant book, as will be discussed in this essay. The book is full of advice for ordinary people who want to become leaders today. Leaders: Strategies for Taking Charge is touted as "The Timeless Classic of Leadership," and as "One of the top 50 business books of all time" (Bennis and Nanus, 1997, back cover). These claims are made by the publishers, and so of course must be read with caution. However, the

Tags:leaders, bennis, nanus

Abstract
This paper examines the article entitled, "A Qualitative Study of Charge Nurse Competencies," written by Lynne Conelly, Linda Yoder and Denise Miner-Williams. The paper specifically discusses the problem that is presented in the article of the lack of guidelines that would enable a charge nurse to correctly perform his/her duties. The paper also describes the strengths and weaknesses of the study.

Table of Contents:
Problem
Limitations
Strengths

From the Paper
"Although the limitations of the study included too many variables the one item that aided the data analysis was that Connelly et al., although having too many nurse managers to interview, allowed the methodology to have 42 interviews to correctly ensure that the large group's answers were valid and more importantly cohesive. Thus, although the limitations were lain within too many variables of nurses, the study correctly incorporated so many nurses so to prove the over all cohesion that exists within the group; so, even though there were too many nurses, their answers during the interview were strikingly similar (299). This cohesion was further emphasized by the different ages of the nurses interviewed, the different forms of nurses interviewed, and the diverse background of nurses interviewed."

Tags:responsibility, performance, guidelines

Abstract
This paper explains that Dan Ciampa and Michael Watkins in "Right from the Start: Taking Charge in a New Leadership Role" introduce seven fundamental propositions for meeting the challenge of a new leadership position such as (1) a new leader has two to three years to make a noticeable difference in company culture and (2) new leaders need to be able to balance focus and flexibility. The author points out that the writers discuss the importance of visioning, imagining what one wants the successful company to look like in five or ten years, and then using these visions to create a political base and to start influencing cultural change. The paper relates that the book talks about managing oneself by having an awareness of one's personal style, realizing its strengths and weaknesses and receiving advice and counsel from others.

From the Paper
"When change is coming, there are usually three types of workers. Those who support the change, those who oppose the change, and those who are neutral and could go either way. Ciampa and Watkins suggest actively pursuing the people who support change and are neutral. The ones who are completely opposed will either have to be won over (unlikely), coerced, or removed from their position. This discussion of coalition building reminds me of something I've done wrong on several jobs. Wanting everyone to be in agreement, I would actively pursue the factions that did not want change and ignore the people who were on my side or who might have been on my side with a little persuasion. I did exactly the opposite of good coalition building!"

Tags:enabling, coalition, visioning, influence, style

Abstract
The president of the Madison Clock Company needs an analysis to help him decide what to do about his plan to manufacture a new 48-hour timing device, and specifically what it will cost to manufacture this product and so how much should be charged for it. Obviously, what the company has to pay for the manufacture and delivery of the item will affect its price at the retail level, which in turn will affect how many units the company can expect to sell. The dispute that has developed is over the nature of the overhead costs, how they are to be calculated, and so how much has to be charged to make a profit.

From the Paper
The president of the Madison Clock Company needs an analysis to help him decide what to do about his plan to manufacture a new 48-hour timing device, and specifically what it will cost to manufacture this product and so how much should be charged for it. Obviously, what the company has to pay for the manufacture and delivery of the item will affect its price at the retail level, which in turn will affect how many units the company can expect to sell. The dispute that has developed is over the nature of the overhead costs, how they are to be calculated, and so how much has to be charged to make a profit. We are being asked to make recommendations on this issue and to help the company decide whether to manufacture this

Tags:case, study, timer

Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that in the early part of the 19th century, in some cases children under the age of 14 were not convicted of crimes that they had obviously committed because they were believed to be incapable of testifying accurately. The writer looks at the case of Mary Doherty who was charged with the murder pf her father. The writer concludes that a twelve or thirteen year-old girl was found innocent of a crime she certainly appeared to have committed - all because she was younger than 14, and possibly because the jury believed her silence had been created by God Himself.

From the Paper
"According to Holly Brewer's book Birth or Consent: Children, Law, and the Anglo-American Revolution in Authority, state superior court cases show today's researchers that there was a ''profound transformation in attitudes toward culpability'' and an accused young person's age was becoming critical, in the early 19th Century, to not only deciding what the punishment should be, but ''guilt itself''. In fact, Brewer writes, most criminal court decisions set fourteen as the minimum age for witness testimony in criminal cases.
"Mary Doherty was either twelve or thirteen years of age when she allegedly killed her father with an axe in Tennessee in 1806; accounts differ as to whether she was twelve or thirteen. She was charged with murdering her father, chopping up his body and burying the body parts under the floorboards of the house. According to Brewer's account, the father was a drunkard, and two of his four children had run away, while Mary, the oldest, had stayed home. The suggestion is that the father was possibly abusive, although there was no evidence available to verify that."

Tags:young, criminals, punishment, witness, testimony

Abstract
"This study will examine the media coverage of the 1992 riots in Los Angeles following the acquittal of the police officers charged with beating Rodney King. The thesis of the study will be that the media was biased in its coverage of the riots, and that that bias was based on racial stereotyping.

From the Paper
"This study will examine the media coverage of the 1992 riots in Los Angeles following the acquittal of the police officers charged with beating Rodney King. The thesis of the study will be that the media was biased in its coverage of the riots, and that that bias was based on racial stereotyping.

The sources consulted for this study indicate clearly that there was substantial bias in the coverage of the rioting. That bias involved reporters' assignments, the power over who wrote the words of the stories filed, the description of the rioting and its participants, and, most importantly, an almost total absence of meaningful analysis of the deeper socioeconomic issues which gave rise to the rioting.

Ishmael Reed, in Airing Dirty Laundry, posits the theory that the media is rife with subtle and not-so-subtle racial bias ..."

Abstract
The paper examines how Tennyson relives the soldiers' experience, forces us to face the consequences of misunderstandings, extols the hundreds of soldiers and mourns their deaths. The paper points out the literary techniques of imagery, repetition, rhyme and rhythm and relates why this writer enjoyed this poem.

From the Paper
"Another significant aspect of the poem is its rhyme and rhythm. The stanzas rhyme and the poem is indeed a ballad. While it may seem odd that a ballad talks about death, we can also conclude that Tennyson's poem is a ballad for those whose lives were lost. Tennyson also addresses the fact that "Someone had blundered" (11), in an attempt to make sense of the incident. This aspect of the poem is its best quality because it remembers the soldiers as noble for carrying out their orders even in the face of outrageous and obvious danger. Tennyson writes, "Theirs not to make reply, / Theirs not to reason why, / Theirs but to do and die" (12-4). Henderson notes that in this poem, Tennyson identifies with the "disaster and triumphs, the suffering and the heroism of the troops" (Henderson 112). Henderson states that the poem was not only distributed among the soldiers on the field, it was also distributed among thousands of wounded soldiers in hospitals. The chaplain at the military hospital in Scutari wrote that the patients were "singing it and all want to have it in black and white, so as to read what has so taken them" (112). Francis O'Gorman notes that Tennyson focuses on "vivid male action, on movement and pace . . . finding heroism amid what it constructs as dreadful failure" (O'Gorman 166). O'Gorman is careful to point out that the poem is "careful to accept error but not to be specific about blame" (166)."

Tags:imagery, repetition, rhyme, rhythm, soldiers, mistake

Abstract
The following paper discusses the controversial charges brought about by the government on Microsoft. The writer examines thoughts and opinions of people and companies that think that Microsoft and CEO Bill Gates are acting in violation of the anti-trust laws of the United States, while others think that the charges against Microsoft are damaging the free market. This paper examines the truth to both sides of the argument.

From the Paper
"The Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890 was passed by the United States Congress in order to declare illegal "every contract combination in the form of a trust or otherwise, or conspiracy, in restraint of trade or commerce with several states, or foreign nations", meaning that any corporate action for the purpose of eliminating competition in an area of business and of controlling the market for a product, was declared illegal. (1) In May of 1998, the United States Department of Justice charged the Microsoft Corporation with conducting such illegal anti-competitive business practices. Microsoft, the largest and wealthiest software company in the world, was under fire because it was supplying, free of charge, it's version of an internet browser called Internet Explorer with the selling of the Windows operating system. The government stated "internet browsers are separate products competing in a separate product market from personal computer operating systems?". (2) The government was calling for action to split the Microsoft Corporation into two separate companies: software and web browsing."

Tags:anti, bill, department, gates, justice, trust, internet, browsers, product, market, personal, computer, operating, systemsaction, separate, companies, software, web, browsing