Abstract
This paper explains that a new scheme has been introduced in London to manage the traffic congestion under which motorists are obliged to pay 5 everyday to enter central London. The author points out that the strength of this system lies in the fact that it helps reduce traffic, allowing journeys and delivery times to be more reliable, and simultaneously raises money in fees that can be reinvested in London's transport system. The paper concludes that, today, 100,000 people pay every day; the enforcement is working, and dissatisfaction with public transit is decreasing with more people riding the buses than just those displaced by pricing scheme.

Table of Contents
Introduction to the Congestion Charge
Why Was the Congestion Charge Introduced?
Benefits of the Congestion Charge to the Public
How does the Congestion Charge Work?
Primary Activities
Who Has to Pay Congestion Charge?
Congestion Charge Encouraging New Modes of Transport
Support Activities
Success of the System
Strengths of the Scheme
Weaknesses of the Scheme
Opportunities in the Scheme
Threats Presented in the Scheme
Conclusion

From the Paper
"The scheme was introduced during the weeklong mid-term school holidays, during which the traffic was reduced by about 20 percent. The scheme started at 7am as a move to control the heavy traffic in London. However, the London Mayor Ken Livingstone, felt that the scheme is more of an political gamble then a program with a goal to reduce congestion in the British capital, where the average speed of the is sometimes less than 10 mph during the peak hours of the day."

Tags:scheme, pay, bus, gamble, central

Abstract
This paper explores the meanings of the word, "charge" in the contexts of hymn "A charge to keep I have." By considering the history of the composition of the hymn and various definitions of the word itself, "charge" comes to signify the act of faith and praising that faith at the same time. A "charge" assumes both an act of caring and the assumption of a responsibility, a burden. This paper considers how understanding the meanings of the word provide depth to the meaning of the hymn.

Abstract
Leaders: Strategies for Taking Charge (Bennis and Nanus, 1997) was originally published in 1985, making it one of the older books on leadership on the market. However, it remains an important and relevant book, as will be discussed in this essay. The book is full of advice for ordinary people who want to become leaders today. Leaders: Strategies for Taking Charge (Bennis and Nanus, 1997) was originally published in 1985, making it one of the older books on leadership on the market. However, it remains an important and relevant book, as will be discussed in this essay. The book is full of advice for ordinary people who want to become leaders today.

From the Paper
Leaders: Strategies for Taking Charge Leaders: Strategies for Taking Charge (Bennis and Nanus, 1997) was originally published in 1985, making it one of the older books on leadership on the market. However, it remains an important and relevant book, as will be discussed in this essay. The book is full of advice for ordinary people who want to become leaders today. Leaders: Strategies for Taking Charge is touted as "The Timeless Classic of Leadership," and as "One of the top 50 business books of all time" (Bennis and Nanus, 1997, back cover). These claims are made by the publishers, and so of course must be read with caution. However, the

Tags:leaders, bennis, nanus

Abstract
This paper examines the article entitled, "A Qualitative Study of Charge Nurse Competencies," written by Lynne Conelly, Linda Yoder and Denise Miner-Williams. The paper specifically discusses the problem that is presented in the article of the lack of guidelines that would enable a charge nurse to correctly perform his/her duties. The paper also describes the strengths and weaknesses of the study.

Table of Contents:
Problem
Limitations
Strengths

From the Paper
"Although the limitations of the study included too many variables the one item that aided the data analysis was that Connelly et al., although having too many nurse managers to interview, allowed the methodology to have 42 interviews to correctly ensure that the large group's answers were valid and more importantly cohesive. Thus, although the limitations were lain within too many variables of nurses, the study correctly incorporated so many nurses so to prove the over all cohesion that exists within the group; so, even though there were too many nurses, their answers during the interview were strikingly similar (299). This cohesion was further emphasized by the different ages of the nurses interviewed, the different forms of nurses interviewed, and the diverse background of nurses interviewed."

Tags:responsibility, performance, guidelines

Abstract
This paper explains that Dan Ciampa and Michael Watkins in "Right from the Start: Taking Charge in a New Leadership Role" introduce seven fundamental propositions for meeting the challenge of a new leadership position such as (1) a new leader has two to three years to make a noticeable difference in company culture and (2) new leaders need to be able to balance focus and flexibility. The author points out that the writers discuss the importance of visioning, imagining what one wants the successful company to look like in five or ten years, and then using these visions to create a political base and to start influencing cultural change. The paper relates that the book talks about managing oneself by having an awareness of one's personal style, realizing its strengths and weaknesses and receiving advice and counsel from others.

From the Paper
"When change is coming, there are usually three types of workers. Those who support the change, those who oppose the change, and those who are neutral and could go either way. Ciampa and Watkins suggest actively pursuing the people who support change and are neutral. The ones who are completely opposed will either have to be won over (unlikely), coerced, or removed from their position. This discussion of coalition building reminds me of something I've done wrong on several jobs. Wanting everyone to be in agreement, I would actively pursue the factions that did not want change and ignore the people who were on my side or who might have been on my side with a little persuasion. I did exactly the opposite of good coalition building!"

Tags:enabling, coalition, visioning, influence, style

Abstract
The paper examines how Tennyson relives the soldiers' experience, forces us to face the consequences of misunderstandings, extols the hundreds of soldiers and mourns their deaths. The paper points out the literary techniques of imagery, repetition, rhyme and rhythm and relates why this writer enjoyed this poem.

From the Paper
"Another significant aspect of the poem is its rhyme and rhythm. The stanzas rhyme and the poem is indeed a ballad. While it may seem odd that a ballad talks about death, we can also conclude that Tennyson's poem is a ballad for those whose lives were lost. Tennyson also addresses the fact that "Someone had blundered" (11), in an attempt to make sense of the incident. This aspect of the poem is its best quality because it remembers the soldiers as noble for carrying out their orders even in the face of outrageous and obvious danger. Tennyson writes, "Theirs not to make reply, / Theirs not to reason why, / Theirs but to do and die" (12-4). Henderson notes that in this poem, Tennyson identifies with the "disaster and triumphs, the suffering and the heroism of the troops" (Henderson 112). Henderson states that the poem was not only distributed among the soldiers on the field, it was also distributed among thousands of wounded soldiers in hospitals. The chaplain at the military hospital in Scutari wrote that the patients were "singing it and all want to have it in black and white, so as to read what has so taken them" (112). Francis O'Gorman notes that Tennyson focuses on "vivid male action, on movement and pace . . . finding heroism amid what it constructs as dreadful failure" (O'Gorman 166). O'Gorman is careful to point out that the poem is "careful to accept error but not to be specific about blame" (166)."

Tags:imagery, repetition, rhyme, rhythm, soldiers, mistake

Abstract
This paper explores the various legacy purchase methods currently available which include credit cards, checks and online purchasing, which have basically done away with the need for actual cash. This paper details the various benefits to purchasing items and conducting business by way of a legacy payment method. This paper examines the numerous types of transactions that can be done with the use of a credit card including renting a car, hotel reservations, online and phone purchases. The writer of this paper also delves into the drawbacks of this particular payment method including the risk of exposing personal and financial information to third parties, when paying by credit card. This paper discusses the numerous problems that can arise when making purchases online where personal information is often vulnerable to exposure and unauthorized access. This paper also delves into the various technologies now available which help protect personal and sensitive information from being stolen which include the implementation of encrypted and secure websites.

Table of Contents:
Advantages
Disadvantages
Bibliography

From the Paper
"One of the most critical issues that exist in the use of legacy payment methods in a networked environment, such as the credit card, is how secured are the financial and personal information of the credit card users. Especially when used online, where information is oftentimes vulnerable to threats and unauthorized access, there is a high possibility that credit card information may not be secured. This thus is causing great concerns for consumers. One of the processes when using credit cards in an online trading activity is the transmission of credit card numbers. If the server or web site that handles the information exchange between the consumer and the receiver is susceptible to unauthorized access, there is a chance that the credit card information may be stolen and used by another person for his own personal transactions."

Tags:payment, currency, cash, credit, cards, technology, internet, security, finance

Abstract
The paper examines the poems, "Anthem for Doomed Youth" by Wilfred Owen and "The Charge of the Light Brigade" by Alfred Tennyson. The paper specifically compares and contrasts the attitudes of the poets towards death in war.

From the Paper
"In his poem The Charge of the Light Brigade, Alfred Tennyson praises the brave soldiers ("When can their glory fade, O the wild charge they made") and celebrates the glory of war despite the fact that this attack was an error. But he does not show directly to the reader the reality of the slaughter by using euphemisms like "into the valley of death", "into the jaws of death" and "into the mouth of hell".
"The reader has not the time to realize what is happening because he is carried along by the rhythm of charge of the poem : "Half a league, half a league, Half a league onward..."
We can see the courage of the soldiers who, even if they know that the orders are wrong, are loyal to their country and chiefs and carry it ("Not tho' the soldier knew Some one had blunder'd"). This obedience of the British soldiers front to death is quite amazing : without considering the danger of the situation ("Their's not to make reply, Their's not to reason why, Their's but to do and die") they go "Into the jaws of death". Unhappily, though they are heroes, we can see that they are killed very quickly ("while horse and hero fell...")."

Tags:death, war, soldiers, funerals, religion, heroes

Abstract
This essay deals with the changing attitudes towards war as expressed by the poets Alfred Lord Tennyson (pre 1914) and John McCrae in their works "The Charge of the Light Brigade" and "In Flanders Fields." It includes an analysis of poetic techniques and the changing ideologies between the two poems, with a particular attention paid to social, historical and other contextual changes.

From the Paper
"Tennyson's poem "The Charge of the Light Brigade" describes a great military disaster in the Crimean War where troops were massacred after being led to their death by their commanders. Tennyson praises the heroism of the British soldiers who faced a certain death, but who fought without questioning it. He portrays the battle as a glorious victory despite the huge disaster, admiring the courage of the men who gave up their lives to fight for their country: "Boldly they rode and well, Into the jaws of Death, Into the mouth of Hell." Here, Tennyson personifies death, using capital letters to emphasize the words "Death" and "Hell." He does this repeatedly throughout the poem, which reminds the reader that the soldiers are going to die. In stanza 5, when the brigade is retreating Tennyson uses a subtle variation of his earlier lines; this effectively works in re-iterating the fact that so few returned from the action. "They that had fought so well Came thro, the jaws of Death, Back from the mouth of Hell."

Tags:massacre, crimean, war, death, soldiers

Abstract
This paper explores aspects of the criminal charge of involuntary manslaughter as applied to occurrences of workplace death and the legal response on this issue to date in the U.K. and Wales. It looks at how the standing legal precedent was set within the criminal code and how, in the year 2000, a Home Office Proposal introduced reforms on the Involuntary Manslaughter law in response to an array of work-related deaths. It examines how the reforms identified two additional definitions of what constitutes manslaughter and applies these definitions to the corporate arena.

Outline
Introduction
The Cases
Interpreting the Law in Courts
The Call for Reform
Nuances of the Corporate Reforms
A Third Offense?
The Results of Reforms

From the Paper
"The Law Commission's report, Legislating the Criminal Code: Involuntary Manslaughter (1996), expressly identified two major problems relating to the interpretation of conduct conducted in the process of involuntary manslaughter. In particular, the report cites difficulties including (a) cases involving conduct that falls only just short of murder, where the accused was aware of a risk of causing death or serious injury, although he did not intend to cause either; (b) cases where the accused is a professional person who makes a very serious mistake that results in death; and (c) cases where a relatively minor assault ends in death. This leads to problems in sentencing, including the fundamental problem that many cases currently amounting to unlawful act manslaughter involve only minor fault on the part of the defendant, and therefore is questionable as manslaughter at all. The Law Commission has established that, if it can be proven that a reasonable person in observation could not have foreseen the consequence of death, and the person being held liable neither intended nor foresaw the incident, it is wrong to assign liability for what is essentially an accident or misfortune."

Tags:reform, home, office, legislation