Abstract This paper describes how Eisenhower, without family connections or wealth, transformed himself from an ordinary military officer into the Supreme Allied Commander during the Second World War, the Supreme Commander of NATO, and a two-term President of the United States. The paper traces Eisenhower's development from his childhood through his military to his political career, and shows how the leadership, communication and negotiation skills and the adeptness at foreign relations acquired during WWII enabled him as President to lead the United States from being a somewhat isolationist nation to an intervening superpower. The author discusses some of his domestic legacies and his shortcomings and failures as well.
From the Paper "Most significantly, Eisenhower led the nation through one of its most troubling times: the Second World War and the start of the Cold War. In fact, Eisenhower helped foment the Cold War. Fear of Soviet expansion became one of Eisenhower's most effective propaganda techniques, for better or worse. While some of his individual decisions can be criticized, Eisenhower's overall leadership style cannot be. Eisenhower's presidential term ushered the United States into its unique position as a world superpower and an emblem of economic and military might."
Tags:characterRepublicandecisivenessanti-communist, car culture, patriotism
Abstract This paper examines the controversial speech delivered by Senator Joseph McCarthy in 1950, and how this represented the beginning of the most vicious anti-communist scare in American history. The paper discusses the political and economic situation in America at the time and why anti-communist feelings became so wide-spread. McCarthy's personality is also examined as a contributing factor to the spread of the anti-communist scare.
From the Paper "Somehow his power-hunger mind didn't take a clue from all the accusations that he had to counter after his speech and continued with its obsession of thrashing others. McCarthy carelessly attacked some of the most respected names in the Senate and with Republicans winning the presidential elections of 1952; the senator became even more aggressive in his ambitions and his anticommunist stand. (Fried, 1976) But his tactics did more harm to the cause than good. McCarthy has been seriously accused of hurting the anti-communist cause. This is because once he started terrorizing everyone with Red Scare; the cause became a dangerous pursuit of a madman instead of a logical response to increasing powers of communism. Critics have focused on this aspect of McCarthy era too and many feel that had Joe McCarthy not been so violent about this issue, communism would have died earlier. Richard Gid Powers (1995) in his book, Not Without Honor: The History of American Anticommunism notes, "[McCarthy's] rabid charges that there were Communist traitors among the nation's most trusted leaders- -the age-old fantasy of red web cultists--eclipsed the sober and truthful accounts of communism that anticommunists had provided over the past half decade, making anticommunism seem nothing more than the ravings of a dangerous madman." (45)"
Abstract Republicanism was a unique movement in the United States. In light of later progressive and suffrage movements, it does not seem unusual to us that people would use an ideology such as abolitionism as the sole basis for the formation of a political party, or that this party could garnish popular support in the majority of the country. The paper shows, however, that the Republicans predicated their zeal on the same sentiments that had provoked many to fight in the American Revolution 70 or 80 years before. The paper traces the Republican movement from its formation in Jackson, Michigan in 1854 up until Abraham Lincoln was nominated as the first Republican President in 1860.
From the Paper "Among the most vocal abolitionists were to be found on the East coast. Many families had participated in the "underground railroad" that allowed black families to escape from the south to freedom in Canada. Abolitionist literature abounded: Harriet Beecher Stowe's Uncle Tom's Cabin became the first book in American history to outsell the Bible in the early 1850's and gained sympathy for the plight of the American negro slave. Whereas the Whigs had enjoyed broad based appeal, Republicans were ideologically driven to fight slavery. In the presidential campaign of 1856 the Republicans heralded their candidate, John C. Fr"mont, with the chant, "Free Soil, Free Labor, Free Speech, Free Men, Fr"mont." "
Abstract This is an overall positive review of Herman's book on Joseph McCarthy. The paper sides with Herman's view that McCarthy was accurate in his perception of a communist threat to America and that his anti-communist investigations were right on target. Also agreed upon is the suggestion that the real problem with Joseph McCarthy was with the man himself and his tactics, not with his fears of the threat posed by Communism. The paper also points out some of the shortcomings of the book and, in particular, mentions the way Herman brushes off the ruin McCarthy brought to so many innocent lives.
From the Paper "Arthur Herman's book, Joseph McCarthy: Reexamining the Life and Legacy of America's Most Hated Senator provides us with a different view of the man who is remembered as an unscrupulous, self-serving, and hypocritical man who recklessly destroyed people's reputations and lives through his unfounded anticommunist witch hunting. Arthur Herman's re-examination of the McCarthy legacy shows that, in retrospect, his disgrace came at a certain price to historical truth. His concept of modern politics and what drove him to his unethical practices remains both unexplored and unexplained."
Tags: red, scare, accusations, traitors, spies, 1950s, anti-communist, crusade, senator
Abstract This paper maintains that, although historians argue that resistance rhetoric was highly entwined with anti-Communist sentiment in the context of the history of Southern desegregation, this correlation appears to be more academic than realistic. The paper further maintains that anti-Communism was used as a false rhetoric to shift the conversation away from the real issue, the difficulty southerners had with changing their way of life. The paper then concludes that, when most southerners realized that change was inevitable, they engaged in the rhetoric of gradualism backed by various delay tactics and token efforts at integration.
From the Paper "To the credit of Webb (2005), he acknowledges that the use of Cold War themes in resistance rhetoric needs to be understood beyond the concurrent development of the Cold War and the resistance movement. He asserts that southerners needed a different way to depict a regional struggle against segregation and to remove the issue of race from the debate. Therefore, they leveraged the Cold War to represent their opposition as a national struggle against a foreign enemy."
Tags:anti-communist, fear of change, parallel, cause and effect relationship, gradualism
Abstract This essay argues that Ernest Hemingway's "The Sun Also Rises" is anti-Semitic in terms of its treatment of the character Robert Cohn. Cohn is painted in a negative light and none of the characters like him. Cohn is the anti-hero, yet he has Jewishness intentionally imposed upon him. In this respect, "The Sun Also Rises" involves anti-Semitism.
Abstract This paper explains that the Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1986, which created a differentiation of sentencing for powder versus crack cocaine offenses, has had a very negative impact on African-American offenders. The paper points out that the current problem is the perceived 'right' of the judge presiding over crack offense case sentencing to depart from mandatory minimum sentencing for these offenses. The paper also points out that this policy is shockingly perverse under the governing Constitution and its Bill of Rights. The paper then concludes with four policy recommendations to correct this situation.
Table of Contents:
Historical Background of the Policy
Current Problem
Description of Policy
Policy Analysis
Policy Recommendations
Policy Recommendation One
Policy Recommendation Two
Policy Recommendation Three
Policy Recommendation Four
From the Paper "These are often the same lawmakers who are handsomely rewarded by public sector groups such as correctional officers' unions and other law enforcement groups, who also profit from criminalization and mass imprisonment. Less directly, the privatization of prisons contributes to and buoys the overall "culture" of law enforcement and criminal justice, one that levels our common sense understanding of the causes of our social problems and puts as their solution responses of violence, force and containment."
Tags: ownership, drug quantity disparity, judge, decision-making model, sentencing commission
Abstract In this paper, the writer offers a brief history of the Republican Party. The writer then provides an analysis of how traditional Republican values are applied to the 2004 presidential campaign and presidential election.
From the Paper "Thomas Jefferson was elected President as a Republican, but the party which supported him was a far cry from today's G. O. P. He espoused liberalism reducing the national debt and military expenditures and was an avowed deist who rejected identification with any Christian denomination. This liberal Republican Party elected Presidents James Madison and James Monroe in the next two decades. But it ran aground when Federalist John Quincy Adams was elected by the House of Representatives after ... "
Tags: Politics, Campaigns, George, W., Bush, Republican, Party
Abstract This paper looks at the Republican Party from the time of Lincoln to the time of George W. Bush. It examines how party policy has changed and evolved since then. This paper is written in the first person form as if a speech by Abraham Lincoln - comparing national policies in his time to those of present.
From the Paper "For students today, it is hard to understand that the Republican Party and the Democratic Party in their present state are far different than the parties they represented two hundred years ago. No one understands this confusion more than I, Abraham Lincoln. As I observe the political landscape today, and the state of the American two party system, I am confused as to where the party I helped create has gone today."
Tags: lincoln, politics, republican, national, bush, president
Abstract This paper begins by providing an historical background of the society in America in the 1980s and how advertising was geared towards this society. The writer explains that as older party and political structures declined, advertising became central to campaigns by the 1980s. In order to compare two advertising forms, the writer looks at two particularly effective campaigns, both by Republicans; one positive and one negative.
From the Paper "The positive campaign, for the 1984 Reagan re-election campaign, had the theme "Morning in America." The specific images were forgettable enough--family picnics and the like, shot in a soft-focus flavor if not literally with soft focus, but the campaign achieved its enormous effectiveness from its background. The decade of the 1970s had been a dismal one for the United States, beginning with the Vietnam War and civil disorder, and ending with oil crises and the Iranian embassy hostage crisis. The central theme of the 1984 ad campaign was that Reagan, almost through sheer force of personality, had halted this national decline; we had passed through the dark night and under Reagan it was indeed Morning in America again."
Abstract This paper looks into the practice of politics in the United States. The writer discusses the polarity in conservative/liberal political views, as represented by the two major political parties, the Democrats and the Republicans. The writer demonstrates that the significance of this study is to foster an understanding of how the pluralistic dimension of political discourse affects politics in the United States.
From the Paper "The prevalent political culture of the United States has shaped the way politics are practiced. Political culture is the inherited set of beliefs, attitudes and opinions Americans have about how their government ought to operate. We know that there is an overall shared culture through information derived from voting, polls, books, speeches and what we see on the media. The foundation of political culture is based on certain common values including the freedoms in the Bill of Rights, liberty, equality, individual responsibility, democracy ... "
Tags: ideologies, political parties, democrat, republican, pluralistic society, rights, political culture
Abstract This short paper analyzes David Brock's recent novel, "The Republican Noise Machine". The paper discusses the influences which the Right has gained over the media in the United States, which allows them to give misinformation or biased news media to the mainstream American society.
From the Paper "Success for the Republican Noise Machine David Brock, a once conservative media journalist, changed his political views in 1998 to become a liberal. Now dedicated to exposing the media practices he once practiced, he has written two books concerning this topic, Blinded by the Right and The Republican Noise Machine, as well as an organization founded to research and correct current media misinformation called Media Matters for America. His The Republican Noise Machine details clearly the methods conservatives raised their opinions and political views through the media, via bias, false accusations, partisan news angles, and other misinformation. The origins of the Republican Noise Machine begin with the American conception of journalism and the media, that the media is factual and accurate, and that those reporting news do not allow their personal political agendas to seep out through their reporting."
Abstract This paper offers a summary and analysis of the 1848 Communist Manifesto written by Marx and Engels. It discusses issues of class structure and the proletariat revolution. It also mentions the formation of the Communist League.
From the Paper "In the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development in Europe (OECD) detailed the growing gap between the incomes of the rich and poor in OECD member states. In particular the study concluded that the poorest percent of the population in the countries examined received only two percent of the national income while the richest percent of the population received ..."
Tags:communist manifesto, karl marx, friedrich engels
Abstract This paper examines how the analysis of the social foundations of political support is of interest not only to democratic politicians but also to revolutionary leaders. It looks at how although movements such as Mao Tse tung's Chinese Communist Party cannot be considered democratic in the western sense, the Chinese Communists at least prior to 1949 depended upon mobilizing a mass base of support among the population for the movement's continuing survival.
From the Paper "The analysis of the social foundations of political support is of interest not only to democratic politicians but also to revolutionary leaders. Although movements such as Mao Tse-tung's Chinese Communist Party cannot be considered democratic in the western sense, the Chinese Communists - at least prior to 1949 - depended upon mobilizing a mass base of support among the population for the movement's continuing survival. "
Abstract This paper examines how, given the central role played by the Communist Party in the history of China in the 20th century, the analysis by the Communist leadership of the social foundations for the party s political support would clearly be of great interest to scholars and students of Chinese society and culture during this period. From this perspective this paper attempts a comparative analysis of two documents written by Mao Tse tung while still a young revolutionary in the 1920s.
From the Paper "Given the central role played by the Communist Party in the history of China in the 20th century, the analysis by the Communist leadership of the social foundations for the party's political support would clearly be of great interest to scholars and students of Chinese society and culture during this period. From this perspective, this paper will attempt a comparative analysis of two documents written by Mao Tse-tung while still a young revolutionary in the 1920s."
