Abstract
This paper examines and discusses communication channels in organizations. According to the paper, the most typical organizational communication channels are the traditional telephone and, increasingly, email. However, there are also interpersonal meetings, seminars, notes and memos as well as the fax machine and video-conferencing. The paper further points out that these communication channels each require a certain type of communication that seems to work best with that particular channel.

From the Paper
"This document discusses communication channels in organizations. The most typical organizational communication channels are the traditional telephone and, increasingly, email. However, there are also interpersonal meetings, seminars, notes and memos as well as the fax machine and video-conferencing. Furthermore, these communication channels each require a certain type of communication that seems to work best with that particular channel. Managers that are adept at utilizing the most..."

Tags:communication, channels, organization

Abstract
This paper describes Scottish Newcastle (SN), an Edinburgh Scotland-based brewer, with international distribution. The author points out the company's desire to expand its distribution to travel venues. The paper suggest channels of distribution to support this strategy.

From the Paper
"The purpose of this research is to examine an account of channels of distribution for the products of Scottish Newcastle (SN), an Edinburgh Scotland-based brewer, that has international scope. The company, which is traded publicly and is listed on the London Stock Exchange, reportedly is in the top ... by sales volume in the world. That information is in the background of a trade-publication article describing SN's deliberate expansion of marketing efforts to widen its channels of distribution in major travel venues in particular with ..."

Tags:Channels, of, distribution, Scottish, &, Newcastle, beers

Abstract
The paper addresses the marketing channels utilized by franchising and analyzes which methods have been proven to be more successful than others. The paper also discusses the importance of marketing channels as related to the franchise business and concludes with a brief summary of the issues.

Outline:
Introduction
Brief Franchise Overview
Franchise Channels: Research Objectives
Marketing Standards
Franchisee Marketing Content Requirements
Antitrust Laws in Marketing Channels
Comparative Advertising
International Franchising Channels
Conclusion

From the Paper
"For the majority of companies, there are two types of franchise methods; business format franchising and product and trade name franchising. Business format franchising provides the franchisee with the use of trademarks and logos, as well as a complete system of doing business (whichFranchise.com, 2007). In this case, the franchisor will assist the franchisee with site selection, interior layout and design, hiring and training, advertising and marketing and product supply. The franchisee pays an initial franchise fee and continues to pay royalties that pay for the research, development and support costs of the franchisor. In business format franchising, the franchise sells goods or services meeting the franchisor's standards under the franchisor's trademark or advertising (whichFranchise.com, 2007)."

Tags:advertising, promotion, trademarks, industry, customers, franchisor, franchisee

Abstract
This paper explains the eight step marketing channel flow design and applies this model to mass merchandiser Tesco Lotus and retail banker Bangkok Bank. The paper points out that Tesco Lotus relies on their series of supply chain management (SCM), logistics, order management, and pricing enterprise-wide computer systems to synchronize each of the eight flows; whereas, for Bangkok Bank, their eight flows of marketing channels are all direct as they own the entire distribution channel. The paper concludes that, while Bangkok Bank and Tesco Lotus are from significantly different industries, they share several common characteristics with regard to how they manage the eight flows of their marketing channels. The paper includes three figures.

Table of Contents:
Introduction
Discussion
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Tesco Lotus must also strive to make each of the eight marketing channel flows as efficient as possible yet cannot be so focused on performance they lose sight of customer service and satisfaction. One of the key performance indicators (KPIs) that Tesco Lotus relies on to see how their business is performing is Inventory Turns. This measure how often their inventory is replaced every year, and it is common for mass merchandisers the size of Wal-Mart or Tesco to average between six and eight per year."

Tags:direct suppliers replenishment technology, customer churn

Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to examine a single day's exposure to media and news, to determine if the information contained in a particular story has been disseminated and how it has been disseminated to others. The paper discusses the story itself, theories on media, and the dissemination of information. It concludes that subjective opinions and a lack of common guidelines for disseminating information prevent most people from becoming involved in the vast majority of news stories.

Tags:dissemination, information, channels

Abstract
This paper reviews and assesses channel strategies at Hewlett-Packard as the company attempts to move into direct distribution. It looks at the four Ps of marketing and the management of place strategies at the company.

Tags:Place, Product, Price, Promotion, Channels, of, Distribution

Abstract
In this article, the writer considers the advantages and disadvantages for toy manufacturers to sell products to Wal-Mart. The writer first looks at marketing channels, channels of distribution and physical distribution. The writer explains that channels of distribution consist of one of four types of distribution systems that take a finished product to the consumer. The writer maintains that in one instance, if toy companies sell to Wal-Mart and use a retailer channel, they are allowing more people to see their product due to the great number of consumers Wal-Mart attracts. On the other hand, the writer points out that if a product sells well, the direct channel may work better because companies do not require a retailer due to the demand for their good, which means the company can go direct to the consumer. The writer concludes that the retail channel allows the manufacturers to utilize the Internet to set up a direct channel once product recognition is established, thereby increasing the number of items sold and thus the profits the company makes.

From the Paper
"With the advent of the Information Age, the Internet and Internet business are becoming the norm and there are an unlimited number of online vendors. The direct distribution channel allows consumers to purchase direct and the Internet provides the medium for a variety of these channels. Toy manufacturers can take advantage of this and set up websites and through a physical distribution channel such as FedEx, they can guarantee that their products are sold. In order to sell product this way, there needs to be some brand recognition. This is where retail channels help and increase recognition of a product through showcasing. The traffic that sees product at Wal-Mart is much higher than that of a company's individual website and therefore the product gets more brand recognition. This creates more recognition of the manufacturer and is therefore retail channels are needed."

Tags:retailer, consumer, Internet, distribution

Abstract
This paper discusses the uses of micro-channels formed through injection molding and asserts that there is a growing interest in the development and manufacturing of micro-fluidic systems. The paper then gives detailed descriptions of several examples of such systems.

Table of Contents:
Introduction
Obstructers
Micro-Valves
Micro-Pumps
Magneto-Hydro Dynamic (MHD)
Combustors
Micro Fuel Cell
Micro-Thrusters
Lab-On-A-Chip (Loc) Devices
Micro Total Analysis Systems (uTAS)
Micro-Factories
Smart Pill
References

From the Paper
"Phase difference or phase transformation micro-pumps utilize the transformation between the liquid and vapor phases. The phase change changes the coefficient of kinematic viscosity and thus, the mass flow resistance. A phase transportation type of micro-pump typically consists of a micro-channel along which an array of micro-heaters is placed. By supplying an electric current to the heaters cyclically, the liquid in the channel is evaporated in the heating section and pumped toward the scanning direction."

Tags:smart pill, micro-factories, combustors obstructors, micro-valves, micro-pumps

Abstract
The paper examines the channels of distribution used by Nokia, the cellular phone giant. The paper explores the company's retail stores and their locations, storage considerations vis-a-vis its wireless/hand-held goods and their transportation methods and the logistical challenges involved. The paper discusses Nokia's refusal to relinquish information about various aspects of its business practices that makes information about its means of distribution difficult to obtain.

From the Paper
"Drawing from our course discussions of chapter 11 of Perrault and McCarthy's text, a few things jump out immediately. For one thing, there is no "one way" for a customer to purchase a text directly; he or she can acquire a text a multitude of different ways. For example, in the last decade or so many distributors became enamored with the idea of the internet and with the possibility that it might serve as a low-cost distribution channel permitting distributors to circumnavigate more costly existing channels; unfortunately, these distributors quickly found that an internet-driven approach to distribution was not necessarily a better way of doing things insofar as things like online theft and the difficulty in a consumer returning an item cut into the expected healthy profits and into the amount of "traffic"."

Tags:retail, store, locations, customers, storage, considerations, logistics

Abstract
Examines the transition from radio news to television news, network news programming and the cult of personalities, reasons for decline of newspapers and TV network news, and the growth of cable television and its all-news channels.

From the Paper
"Introduction- the development of news from newspaper to radio to network television to the growth of Cable networks that cover news 24 hours a day, seven days a week, and in detail."