Abstract
The paper argues that Philip of Macedon used guile and diplomacy to preserve Macedonia in the face of constant threats from its enemies; in doing so, Philip made it possible for Macedonia to remain an independent state (a state that would eventually become a great power) and not merely a "play-thing" or something to be carved up by its adversaries. At the same time, Philip changed history because he turned Macedonia's army into a fearsome fighting force; this development would allow Macedonia to eventually lay waste to its enemies, would end the predominance of the Greeks and Thracians, and would give his son, Alexander, the tools he needed to be an imperial colossus. The paper concludes that history did not change Philip; he changed history.

From the Paper
"The following paper will argue that Philip of Macedon changed history in two significant ways. Firstly, he used guile and diplomacy to preserve Macedonia in the face of constant threats from its enemies; in doing so, Philip made it possible for Macedonia to remain an independent state (a state that would eventually become a great power) and not merely a "play-thing" or something to be carved up by its adversaries. At the same time, Philip changed history because he turned Macedonia's army into a fearsome fighting force; this development would allow Macedonia to eventually lay waste to its enemies, would end the predominance of the..."

Tags:philip, macedon, history

Abstract
The writer of this paper examines the life and accomplishments of William Smith, the English geologist credited for creating the first geological map. This paper examines how Smith's maps shifted public perception regarding the creation of the universe. This paper reviews Simon Winchester's biography, "The Map that Changed the World," which summarizes Smith's life, his achievements and the impacts made on the scientific community due to his research. Smith's early work with canal digging companies and within the mining industry enabled him to become more aware of what lie beneath the surface of the land. This paper focuses on Smith's fascination with the earth, rocks and fossils, which led to the creation of his first geological map of Bath. Influenced by other cartography and on extant atlases, Smith devised special colorization systems for his geological maps, which are discussed in this paper. This paper also examines Smith's longing for more recognition than he was afforded during his lifetime. While Smith's maps were published during his lifetime, what should have been the high point of his life marked the beginning of a downward spiral, when many of his personal and professional relationships fell apart. This paper examines why centuries after his death, geologists still pay homage to William Smith, the father of modern geology.

From the Paper
"His early work with canal digging companies and within the mining industry enabled William Smith to become more aware of what lie beneath the surface of the land. There could be no better situation for a man who loved geology in the eighteenth century than being paid to dig deep under the ground. Thus, his professional work offered him a private pleasure and a convenient means by which to formulate, develop, and prove his theories. On his own, while he traveled as a surveyor for the Somerset Coal Canal Company, Smith observed how sedimentary layers of rock were arranged in patterns across the land. Somerset Coal Canal Company was not so much interested in the scientific implications for Smith's findings as in their financial implications. For instance, when he was first hired, Smith noticed how English villages rest on top of "a score of complex, broken, twisted, and contorted seams of coal." For Smith, his work meant unlocking some of the earth's deepest secrets."

Tags:geology, maps, fossil, earth, atlas, cartography

Abstract
The paper describes how the United States and the world changed since the terrorist attack of September 11, 2001.

From the Paper
"Major crises invariably have an enormous impact not only upon the country or people primarily experiencing the crisis but also on the global community. (Giddins, Duneier and Appelbaum) On September 11 2001, the terrorist attack on the United States executed by operatives from Al-Qaeda dramatically changed the world in which Americans and other people live. Although slightly less than ... victims and airplane hijackers died in the attacks, the reality of this event was such that world stock exchanges and markets, national economies..."

Tags:September 11, 2001, terrorism, homeland security

Abstract
"How Al Gore's An Inconvenient Truth has changed America" is a six page essay based on Al Gore's award winning film, "An Inconvenient Truth." The paper talks about how Al Gore's An Inconvenient Truth is a critical success and has been incredibly relevant to the current landscape of progressive politics and world conservationism.

From the Paper
How Al Gore's An Inconvenient Truth has changed America Our world is in a bind. More and more, we hear, read and watch studies that show the detrimental affects our everyday lifestyles have on our earth. Though much of the media coverage pertaining to environmental issues seem scary, there was constant debate about the viability and factuality of these studies. Since the turn of the century, America had been couched in a conservative presidential administration and the focus of the nation's worries and efforts were concentrated on foreign policy, homeland security and the war on terror. In 2006, however, the American people got a wake up call. This call would ask the American people for an

Tags:gore, global, warming

Abstract
This paper discusses the book, "The Machine that Changed the World," written by James Womack, Daniel Jones, and Daniel Roos, all from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. The paper describes the five-year-long study that took them to 14 countries and cost the Institute around $5 million. The paper explains that this expensive, but extremely useful, study was conducted to closely analyze the production and marketing strategies of automobile companies in other parts of the world and compare them with those in the United States and Europe.

From the Paper
"'The Machine that changed the world' revolves around the idea that it is lean production that helped Japan rise to the very top in automobile sector because this system uses less time, less labor, less resources and produces few if any errors. Compared to the mass production system used in the US and Europe, lean production is considered less time consuming and more efficient way of manufacturing automobile. What makes the book more interesting to every kind of reader is the fact that the authors have applied the lean production technology to global market claiming that it is 'a superior way for humans to make things . . . It follows that the whole world should adopt lean production, and as quickly as possible'. (225)"

Tags:automobile, companies, marketing

Abstract
This paper discusses that, although modern day technologies have impacted on our lives, the social change and the need for more and more communication devices is driving the change in technologies.

From the Paper
"The undercurrent that is transforming every aspect of technology, influencing educational approaches, the economy, the political landscape, personal and professional, is he growing need for higher levels of collaboration and social networking between individuals, within groups, and between groups of common interests. The exponential growth of the Apple IPod, MP3 players, personal computers, wireless capabilities, anti-virus programs, and smart phones all are related to the need for connecting and communicating with one another. These technologies are used for accomplishing these collaborative aims of individuals and groups, in addition to personalizing entertainment and also having the option of sharing musical and entertainment preferences with each other. The technologies mentioned in this paper are not driving the social change; the social change is driving the change in technologies (Bernoff, Li, et.al.). The collection of technologies that are predominately Web-based comprised Web 2.0 (Snow, 35, 36) and serve as the foundation for the technologies included in this paper. Without these underlying means of collaboration and information sharing, including music and entertainment, the collection of technologies included in this paper would be largely irrelevant. It is in moving closer to the creation of social networks, and in the case of the iPod, the continual growth of musical and entertainment content on iTunes that keeps all these technologies relevant. Even anti-virus software addresses the need for communicating, with high levels of security and trust, verifying the identity of persons online."

Tags:collaboration, technology, networking

Abstract
This paper examines and analyzes the impact of industrialization on world history, further evaluating the advantages and disadvantages of it on society, both yesterday and today. In particular, the paper notes how industrialization was uneven, benefiting certain nations while other lagged behind. Various scholars and their works are cited in relation to this subject. Additionally, the paper addresses industrialization in the context of political and social change. The paper concludes by comparing Russia and Germany in light of industrialization, and how these countries were slower to adapt to the industrial revolution.

From the Paper
"The debates over the benefits and the disadvantages brought along by the industrial era in the early eighteenth century continue today among historians, anthropologists, sociologists and other scholars and scientists concerned with the topic. Beyond certain indisputable facts that indicate the level of development western countries and their trading partners reached through industrialization, there is the problem of other parts of the world that remained behind and did not benefit at all from the radical changes the industrialization produced in the early nineteenth century."

Tags:Russia, Germany, urbanization, steam engine

Abstract
This paper is an analysis of "Great Expectations" by Charles Dickens - focusing on his desire to change the ending of this novel to a happier one in light of "public request". It looks at the characters of the novel and explores them while viewing Dickens as a master storyteller.

From the Paper
"It should not surprise any of us who has grown up in an era in which everything from presidential candidate to new flavors of toothpaste is put through rigorous focus-group testing that Charles Dickens should have done a little focus-group testing himself with the end of what is generally considered to be his greatest work, Great Expectations. In fact, there are parallels for this sort of tinkering much closer to home than toothpaste or new-car purchases: Movies are often screened to see how audiences like the ending - and if the response is not favorable than the endings are changed."

Tags:writer, reward, life, novel, narrative, response, author, experience, symbolic, art, compromise

Abstract
This paper provides a brief review of life during the Vietnam war as experienced by a young girl. It explains how the book focuses on the influences that came together to cause the war, the fact that there are no enemies, just sides and positions, and the personal tragedies and emotional struggles that she and many others experienced. Hayslip is a wonderful humanitarian today. She utilizes former GIs to go back and deliver humanitarian aid to previously war-torn parts of Vietnam.

From the Paper
"Le Ly Hayslip has always been in-between. She was partly influenced by the south and north, east and west, peace and war, and Vietnam and America. It has been her life and fate to be in-between Heaven and Earth. When Heaven and Earth Changed Places recounts her experiences from a small village in Vietnam called Ky La. Hayslip is another victim of the Vietnam War. The brutality of the war created separation in her family, the destruction of an individual, and distrust among formerly friendly neighbors. She was born the youngest of six children in a close-knit Buddhist family. Throughout her childhood, the peace breaks into pieces due to the war. Le Ly, as a little girl, serves the Viet Cong fighters, and she is honored for courageously surviving tortures in prison when captured by the government."

Tags:personal, account

Abstract
This paper presents the author's view of the five most important technological developments in the last 30 years. In the first 2.5 pages, the author gives a historical overview, detailing five inventions: UNIX, Ethernet, the microprocessor, the personal computer (PC), and broadband Internet. In the remainder of the piece, the author justifies these inventions, drawing conclusions as to why these developments, which are all related to information technology, are the most important of our time and will continue to be in the coming years.