Abstract
This paper examines how the existence of the Cold War had many effects on liberal democratic states and also affected to a degree the way in which democracy was, and continues to be, understood in these states. The paper explains that this includes the United States, which in some ways has come to see democracy as a given that more and more people have been willing to give up aspects of a democratic state in the face of a threat, as has been seen in the acquiescence of the people to a variety of intrusions on their democratic rights since 9-11. The paper also discusses how the success of democracy in the Cold War should have solidified that political ideology as to be preferred, but its very success seems to have opened it to new threats from within. In conclusion, the paper shows that more and more, liberal democracies are defining themselves in terms of collective security over individual preference, and this signals a profound shift in thought that only makes the future more uncertain.

From the Paper
"Schlesinger says that America in the past has stood as an example of a federal, multi-ethnic society that worked, but he seems to believe that this is no longer the case. The U.S. has worked because it has been able to offer answers to the question of what reasons are there for different ethnic groups to see themselves as part of the same nation. Schlesinger now sees an eruption of ethnicity in America, which may have many good consequences, but which he also believes has many bad consequences."

Tags:autonomy, terrorism, politics, America, security, Cold, War

Abstract
The paper describes how between 1500 and 1914, great political, social, religious, and economic changes transformed Western civilization as democracy, liberalism, nationalism, and industrialization developed and expanded. The paper discusses how each of these forces of change generated significant historical developments such as the remaking of the political, commercial and social structure of Europe as Protestantism rose, feudalism disappeared, and hereditary monarchies declined because of the ascendance of liberalism and democracy. The paper explains how related developments generated technological and military superiority over Asia and the rest of the undeveloped world, which enabled European nations to achieve political and economic dominance over the entire globe.

From the Paper
"Between 1500 and 1914, great political, social, religious, and economic changes transformed Western civilization as democracy, liberalism, nationalism, and industrialization developed and expanded. Each of these forces of change generated significant historical developments such as the remaking of the political, commercial and social structure of Europe as Protestantism rose, feudalism disappeared, and hereditary monarchies declined because of the ascendance of liberalism and democracy."

Tags:history, 1500, 1914

Abstract
This paper talks about democracy in the context of the Jamaican socio-poltical domestic realities. The process of how democracy arose in Jamaica is discussed as well as the hurdles it faced. The paper also examines how Jamaica can overcome some of its problems to ensure the continuation of democratic political rule.

From the Paper
"At the very basic level, the idea of democracy implies representative government, and implies a context wherein citizens are thought to, or are seen to be able to choose leaders freely in regular elections that are supposed to be fair. Democracy from its earliest conception, especially the emblazoned Western style of democracy, was mainly concerned with elected representatives serving the people in a somewhat unencumbered fashion, free from criticism about policy choices, actions of leaders and decision-making processes at the governmental level. Some argue that what exists in Jamaica, is a Westminster-type democracy."

Tags:government, westminster, Netserv, scandal, Thwaites, policy, liberal, democrats, PNP

Abstract
This paper discusses how although Australia is in essence a democratic society which subscribes to the democratic principle of government by the people for the people, there are some areas of Australia that can be improved to make Australia more democratic. It focuses on two of these areas: the whistle-blowing system and the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation's ability to publicise scientific information or opinions on government policy issues. The paper argues that by altering the current state of these areas, Australia could become more democratic. It does this by explaining why these areas are important in the building or maintenance of democracy in Australia, how they are being threatened and what could be done to eliminate these threats and change these areas into their potential democratic base.

From the Paper
"It has recently been found that the Australian Government has been censoring the publication of scientific information. Specifically; scientific information related to policy-issues such as greenhouse gas emission targets and environmental refugees. These allegations were aired on ABCs television show 4 corners and claimed senior Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) scientists have been regularly gagged by the government from commenting on such issues. This information came from senior CSIRO scientists who have also explained that the threat of reduced funding was the strategy used in stopping them from speaking out. Scientific censorship of any sort by the government is a serious breach of democratic principles. "

Tags:whistle, blower, CSIRO, censorship, government, liberalism

Abstract
The paper discusses how around 1800, there were almost no democracies in the world, however, by the early 1900s, many of the great monarchies of the Western world had become democracies. The paper shows how these amazing changes did not all follow the same pattern by examining events in the USA and in Britain.

From the Paper
"Around 1800, there were almost no democracies in the world."

Tags:liberal, revolutions, usa

Abstract
This paper examines the shift in the predominant models of the Western democratic state - from the classical Liberal "Night Watchman" state to the Keynesian Welfare State to the contemporary Neo-Liberal model - in order to explore how these changes have impacted state-market-society relations and the quality of democracy. The paper argues that market forces have been predominant in Liberalism for much of this period, shaping both the quality of democracy and determining the limits of the democratic state's role in social economic relations.

From the Paper
"The evolution of the modern industrialized democratic state in the Western world is characterized not so much by a direct line of progression but, rather, by a process of continual change in liberalism. This essay will examine the shift in the predominant models of the Western democratic state - from the classical Liberal "Night Watchman" state to the Keynesian Welfare State to the contemporary Neo-Liberal model - in order to explore how these changes have impacted state- market-society relations and the..."

Tags:liberal, politics, economics

Abstract
This paper examines Michel Foucault's extended genealogy of governmental systems. It specifically explains how, according to Foucault, the judicial system in the United States was transformed into a different system during the "modern" era because of its extension into the social sphere and its change in the concept of discipline. The paper examines how the changes occurred.

Table of Contents:
Foucault's Genealogy on the History of Discipline
Walzer's Critique of Foucault
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Foucault's interpretation and explanation of the genealogy of the power structures of the state seem to make historical and progressive sense. It is easy to see how Discipline has transgressed from the Judicial areas of the state into the community, and how there is no "free space," as Mills puts it, in society anymore. Foucault's interpretation, as I have shown, obviously thinks of this as a bad progression and a backward step in the tradition of the western liberals. I agree. But I could also visualize the argument that this homogeneity is what democracy is all about (clearly, if it is, I don't want any part of it). Walzer did not adequately answer the problems Foucault proposed, but even in his attempt, I think we learn something about the state: how can you limit Discipline so that it doesn't encroach as a power-structure in the social field? Perhaps this is why scholars have called Foucault an anarchist, because the only seemingly possible way for this to happen is if there is no government. Walzer took the next best shot, however, at a pluralistic democracy. Constable does an excellent job of pointing out Walzer's missing pieces, but again we are still left with no real alternative as to how bio-power cannot exist under/within a state."

Tags:democracy, discipline, community, governance, homogeneity

Abstract
This argumentative paper proposes that the concept and philosophy of neo-liberalism has failed in its attempts to adapt to modern changes in the world and the economy. The writer argues its initial selling point was that it was deemed to open up markets in order that other countries may embrace democracy. But it has found to rather promote economic enterprises by corporations and has created racial and social biases which have killed the idea behind such a philosophy. The conclusion to the paper is that markets need a holistic and open fashion that allows discussion and evolution.

Outline:
The underlying reasons for the death of neo-liberalism
The death of neo-liberalism
The demise of neo-liberalism and politics of difference
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Neo-liberalism as a continuation and refinement of classical liberalism is often only referred to in terms of economic philosophies and processes. While this is a central issue and an aspect that has been debated lately as a result of the economic downturn in the world, yet it will be argued in this paper that there is more to the concept of neo-liberalism than just economics; and that if fact neo-liberalism constructs certain differences in the society and that its demise is related to the postmodern critique and deconstruction of the philosophy of differences.
"The term neo-liberal is in the first instance related to the ideal of a free market and free market trade as well as to the liberalisation of the restrictions on markets and international trade. However, as will be suggested, the demise or death of the neo-liberal agenda is not really or in reality only a result of market forces of factors, The real underlying reason for the death of neo-liberalism is that the ethos of neo-liberalism is one that represents prejudice and bias and therefore is seen by many to an undesirable political and social model. It has in essence become outmoded in an age that is hyper-critical and which interrogates the norms and values of those in authority.
"On one level neo-liberalism appears to represent a free and open system of enterprise and democracy and the fact that it advocates the removal of all barriers to free transfer has, until recently, made it appear to be an ideal model for entrepreneurial success. The recent debacle on the world markets has shown the fallacy of this approach."

Tags:politics, liberalism, neo-liberalism, globalization, economics

Abstract
This paper explores the changes from the classical Liberal "Night Watchman" state to the Keynesian Welfare State to the contemporary Neo-Liberal model. The paper attempts to determine how these changes have impacted state, market and society relations and the quality of democracy. The paper argues that market forces have been predominant in Liberalism for much of this period, shaping both the quality of democracy and determining the limits of the democratic state's role in social economic relations.

From the Paper
"It may be argued that we cannot truly understand the shifting nature of Western Liberalism unless we appreciate the role of market forces in shaping these changes. Early classical liberalism, in the view of C.B. MacPherson, was highly influenced by attitudes towards property and the market. Indeed, as MacPherson notes, there exist clear structural parallels between the classical Liberal political system and the market:
". . . you have a society based on individual mobility, on contract and impersonal market allocation of work and rewards in response to individual choices. Everyone was swept into the free market. (Swift 41)""

Tags:market, forces, Keynesian, Welfare, State, Night Watchman, Neo-Liberalism

Abstract
Unlike human beings, society does not merely evolve. The evolution of society often occurs of the human beings who live within it. It is often a violent process of revolution and deconstruction followed by a laborious period of reconstruction. The paper examines the views of theorists Karl Marx, Adrian Oldfield, T. H. Marshall Rawls, and Bridges who all describe the process by which society changes. These changes, painfully wrought or not, have formed the basis of our modern society.

Tags:modern, liberal, democracy