Abstract This paper discusses the "institutional theory" of Alfred Chandler, a Harvard Professor. Chandler has studied the past trends in the history of American business and the reasons why most big businesses collapsed after due to mergers and acquisition before 1980s.
Abstract This paper discusses the character Little Chandler in James Joyce's "A Little Cloud", analyzing the way he lives a life of delusion and is unable to take responsibility for the choices he has made.
From the Paper "Little Chandler refuses to acknowledge the circumstances of his present life. He rarely reflects on his own predicament, while devoting much thought to the life of Gallaher. When he contemplates "what changes [the] last eight years have brought", one expects him to mention the differences in his own life; however, he proceeds to describe the changes in Chandler's life over the years (846). He reveals virtually nothing about his job, making only passing references to his work. Chandler speaks of ?[turning] often from his tiresome writing to gaze out of the office window? (846). He then describes in detail the view from his office window, never explicitly stating what he does for a living."
Abstract Alfred D. Chandler's article entitled ?The Enduring Logic of Industrial Success" states that the pioneers in a market will dominate their industries and continue to do so for decades. The writer examines in detail why these companies are identified as first movers and how they take advantage of being first movers to capture markets and become successful.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Findings & Discussion
L'Oreal
Toyota
P&G
Conclusion
From the Paper "L"Oreal is one of the first companies who sought to compete internationally beyond local or regional markets. When it enters a new market, the most significant strategy is to buy and repackage the local brands and make them world-famous. The most famous examples are Maybelline, Soft Sheen and Carson in the United States and Shu Uemura in Japan. L"Oreal was not satisfied with the profit-guaranteed market of Maybelline in Middle America. Aggressively, it promotes its products worldwide. When Carson found a market in South Africa, the Savannah firm, in debt, was unable to do the investment, L?Oreal made it because Owen Jones, the chairman of the company realized that "people of African origin, where they were in the world, were a huge future potential business" (Tomlinson, 2002). In addition to economics of scale to exert its cost advantage, L"Oreal also expands via economics of scope tremendously in years. The company started out in hair dyes. Now they have products in hair color, permanents, hairstyling aids, body and skin care, skin cleansers, and fragrances. Since they market over 500 brands and more than 2000 products, this provides them with a very strong presence in the beauty market. L"Oreal products are found in all distribution channels: hair salons, hypermarkets, supermarkets, health and beauty outlets, and direct mail. This gives them an advantage over competitors with limited distribution outlets."
Abstract This paper analyzes Chandler's hypothesis concerning the devleopment of big business in America. The author considers other theorists on the same issue.
Abstract This paper looks at some of the specific locations in the texts and their metaphorical significance before taking the discussion of urban representation to a wider scope by looking at Chandler's depiction of the Los Angeles and its inhabitants. It also examines the author's use of media and architecture as symbols of facade in both novels.
From the Paper "Firstly, Chandler paints an image of Los Angeles as a "new centre-less city in which the various classes have lost touch with each other because each is isolated in his own geographical compartment." As an urban sprawl, Chandler's Los Angeles accommodates a social structure that is similarly sprawling away from any central sense of community. "Neighbourhoods are irrationally segregated from each other...and expensive ones like...Idle Valley are made inaccessible to those without cars or credentials." This quotation raises two important observations. The first is the significance of the name Idle Valley. As a valley it geographically shelters its inhabitants from exterior influences, presumably the citizens of the greater metropolis of Los Angeles and of the lower classes. "
Abstract In this article, the writer examines the book "The Big Sleep", the first in a series of 'Phillip Marlowe' crime novels by Raymond Chandler. The writer relates that the story unfolds through the narration of Marlowe, a private detective hired by the dying millionaire General Sternwood to solve a mystery blackmail case for the meager sum of twenty-five dollars a day. The writer concentrates on the discussion about the complex and contradictory character of Phillip Marlowe, focusing on his psychology. The writer analyzes the way Marlowe thinks and speaks and looks at what that can tell the audience about his relationship to the Sternwoods, to the world of crime he encounters, and to Los Angeles.
From the Paper "To gain an insight into the actions of Marlowe it is first necessary to understand the context of his milieu. As early as the 1920s Los Angeles had become a commodity. The centralisation of the American Film Industry had created a city that traded the American Dream. It was marketed as Hollywood and suburban communities in the desert became immensely popular. This picture perfect ideal was shattered in the 1930's with the Wall Street collapse becoming an increasing disaster and the Great Depression gripping the nation. Now the picture perfect town had become another city where incomes dropped and unemployment was rising. Crime was rampant and dignity was lost, people only had cynicism and disillusionment for the future."
This paper compares two articles about the role of technology in the society: "A Cyborg Manifesto: Science, Technology and Socialist-Feminism in the Late Twentieth Century" by Donna Haraway and "Technological or Media Determinism" by Daniel Chandler.
Abstract This paper examines the influence of gender in the writing of these two works and the effectiveness of the given text in relating the information to the reader. The author points out that both Donna Haraway and Daniel Chandler argue that in the world so filled with technological advancements it is very hard to separate the human component from the technological. The paper relates that Haraway expresses extreme feminist ideas in her work; however, Chandler's work is not gender-based at all. The author relates that Haraway is very allegorical and attempts to bring up images of genderless, machine-like women to make her point clear; on the other hand, Chandler avoids the allegories, providing a more informative rather than speculative outlook on the subject.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Comparative Analysis
Contrast Analysis
Conclusion
From the Paper "Chandler applies the technological progress and cultural development to the world in general and outlines how these trends shape the society and what forces contribute to the humans' desire for progress. Haraway, who is very subjective, focuses on one group of people in particular - women. The basis of her work is the gender-defined society where progress does not serve to unite but rather separate the people into gender and class, therefore outlining a very socialist idea of inequality and strives for such. Haraway seeks to make a point about the seeming lack of such equality in today's world and how it ties in with the technological progress."
Abstract Russell Chandler's Understanding the New Age is a breezy, generally good-hearted overview of the spiritual smorgasbord of the late 20th century. For the most part, Chandler treats the often eccentric religious manifestations of this era with respect and with the lightest of touches.
From the Paper "Russell Chandler's Understanding the New Age is a breezy, generally good-hearted overview of the spiritual smorgasbord of the late 20th century. For the most part, Chandler treats the often eccentric religious manifestations of this era with respect and with the lightest of touches. Having to cover such a great deal of territory and material has hampered Chandler's ability to delve deeper into the content and concepts of these groups. However, he explores with greater focus and intensity, if not greater depth, the more mainstream-oriented of these and related entities, such as the humanistic psychology of thinkers like Maslow and Rogers, and the theories of Einstein and Heisenberg. The reader can be forgiven for concluding that Chandler, the religion writer for the Los Angeles Times for almost two decades, takes the New Age religions with a grain of salt, believing..."
Abstract This paper examines how in the story of "Why the Negro is Black" by Joel Chandler Harris, the question of the origination of the different skin hues of the populace of the world is answered. It looks at how in the writing of Joel Chandler Harris through the medium of Uncle Remus the problem of an African-American inferiority complex is illuminated. It shows how Uncle Remus gives an account of the origin of the races and how Uncle Remus' view shows the ingrained racism that has polluted the American consciousness.
From the Paper "The idea of race is an age old ideology that has existed from the dawn of American Civilization. At the genesis of our nation, racism existed in the Constitution. The writers of the United States' Constitution regarded Blacks as 3/4th human and Caucasians as full blooded Americans. Americans, who by the color of their skin, proved themselves worthy of the rights outlined by the Constitution of the United States. (Howell 120). The history of the American majority is inextricably related to the history of oppression of the Negro minority. The idea of the United States of America was constructed in minds of White Europeans. However, the manifestation of this idealized America was built on the backs of Black Africans. "
Abstract This paper discusses how, in the past few years, theories and research related to organization and staffing skills have emerged as an important topic within the structure of organizations. In particular, it looks at how
early researchers such as Chandler, Weber, Williamson and Pugh have analyzed the shift in business strategies from early entrepreneurs to the rise of capitalism. The paper concludes that management at organizations can better prepare for employee motivation and reward incentives to carry their organization and add to their staffing skills. It also contends that additional research in the area of organization and staffing skills is necessary as business organizations continue to grow and the business market changes and evolves.
Outline:
Introduction
Chandler Weber
Pugh & the Astor Group
Williamson
Conclusion
From the Paper "Weber studied the theory of authority structures within organizations, to determine the relationship between management and employees, and why some employees listened to management's directions and why others did not. Weber made a distinction between power, or the ability to force people to obey, and authority, where orders are voluntarily obeyed by those receiving them. Weber's work in organization and staffing skills can be compared to later theories of employee motivation, which seek to explain all kinds of motivated behavior in different situations, including behavior in organizations. "
Abstract This essay compares and contrasts three American Short Stories with the basic theme of freedom. The three stories are: "Tite Poulette" by George Washington Cable, "The Little Convent Girl" by Grace King and "Free Joe and the Rest of the World" by Joel Chandler Harris.
From the Paper "A month then passes and the Mother and daughter return to see the captain. Upon this meeting, the reader can determine through the tone of dialog that neither the Mother nor the daughter is happy. One can assume that the daughter is most likely disheartened due to the lack of acceptance from her new surroundings. Her ultimate true-to-self responsibility is by death. She cannot live in a world were she not only is not respected, but is also ashamed of the color of her skin as well as her Mother's skin. The ultimate sacrifice is via death."
Abstract At first glance, "Ceremony" by Leslie Marmon Silko and "The Long Goodbye" by Raymond Chandler seem to have nothing in common. The former represents the psychological struggle of Native Americans in their search for identity in the United States, while the latter seems the usual detective story Marlowe has created. This paper, however, points out that there are several underlying motives and structures that do not make an attempt at comparing the two works futile. One would be a comparison between the two main characters, while another may compare the story's plot and the irony techniques that the writers use.
From the Paper "Tayo's suffering is physical, but, most of all, emotional and psychological. His distress does not come only from his imprisonment in Japan during the war, but also from his torment related to his place as a half Native American in the American post-war society. Integration seems, in the beginning, impossible for Tayo. This comes from his double ethnicity which means that he may be rejected by both societies. In many ways, this is something that Leslie Marmon Silko has experienced herself."
Abstract This paper explains that the plot of "The Big Sleep" which revolves around blackmail and murder, does not strictly adhere to the old mystery tradition of solving the problems in logic and deduction but rather deals with the psychological complexities of people who exist in an underground, liminal world and for whom life is more of a burden than a gift. The author points out what stands out above the rottenness is the profound sense of helplessness and hopelessness which pervades the lives of most of the characters, including detective Philip Marlowe, who comes off with a brash air of conceited self-confidence and an equally loud aura of indifference. The paper suggests that Marlowe's character is the embodiment of Chandler's essential message: Hope to divert disaster, even when you shouldn't be bothered to care and even when no one else seems to care but you.
From the Paper "Chandler describes his goal in creating Philip Marlowe to be that he is "the hero, he is everything...a complete man and a common man and yet an unusual man...a man of honor, by instinct, by inevitability...a lonely man." Oates, on the other hand, describes him as "a cult figure of enviable sexual allure," whose primary appeal to the reader is that he is every man's "wish-fulfillment fantasy," and in turn the "essence of virility" for every woman. Yet this assumption carries a dissonant note. Chandler's obvious downplaying of Marlowe's personal sexuality is more likely intended to steer the reader to the greater nature of his quest: the search for integrity among the living who inhabit this strange, cruel, dispassionate world of 1930s Los Angeles."
Abstract This paper provides three short essays that relate to the topic of mystery and detection novels and film noir. The paper looks at the hard boiled detective found in these genres. The paper refers to the work of Raymond Chandler, Dashiel Hammett, Walter Mosley and others, as well as to select films.
From the Paper "The novels of Raymond Chandler, hard-boiled detective fiction in the vein of Dashiel Hammett focus on the experiences of detective Philip Marlowe. If Chandler's novels featuring Marlowe like "The Big Sleep" have a moral, the moral appears to be that there are intelligent and stupid criminals and law enforcement officials and those that are the most intelligent usually wind up victorious."
Tags: Raymond Chandler, film noir, Dashiel Hammett, Walter Mosley, Ross MacDonald, hard boiled detective, myth of America
This paper analyzes William Shakespeare’s most famous play, "Hamlet", in terms of detective fiction narrative. Examining Hamlet's madness, the Queen's guilt, and his relationship with Ophelia.
2,180 words (approx. 8.7 pages), 5 sources, 2002, $ 67.95
Abstract This paper analyzes William Shakespeare's most famous play, Hamlet in terms of detective fiction narrative. Hamlet is examined against 19th and 20th century works such as the Sherlock Holmes and Philip Marlowe stories, while the text of the play is presented and backed up as evidence of an inherent detective narrative. Some of the evidence concerns the Queen's guilt, and Hamlet's confrontation of the Queen in Act III Scene IV - as well as Hamlet's madness and his relationship with Ophelia.
From the Paper ?Hamlet,? says William Hazlitt, ?is the one of Shakespeare's plays that we think of the oftenest.? (Hazlitt, 197) The story, the plot of Hamlet is almost irrelevant: it is his character, and the way we interpret that character, that gives vital, universal meaning to Shakespeare's work over three hundred years later. As Hazlitt comments, ?[Hamlet?s] reality is in the reader's mind. It is we who are Hamlet.? (196) Hazlitt's is a point of view I would like to discuss further. I would argue that Hamlet lends itself almost flawlessly to multiple interpretations, thus remaining a vital, active text that has become a cultural icon since it was first staged in 1600-1601."
