Abstract
The paper looks at Tom Wolfe's, "The Right Stuff", and Ernest K. Gann's, "Fate Is the Hunter'. The paper briefly highlights the backgrounds of both writers and examines how fate, chance and luck (in that order) are dealt with by each author. The paper shows how whereas Gann believes in fate, accepts that chance is always there, and is unafraid to credit luck with survival, Wolfe takes a tougher approach that pilots survive because they have the "right stuff".

From the Paper
"The following paper will look at the role of fate, chance, and luck in Tom Wolfe's, "The Right Stuff", and Ernest K. Gann's, "Fate Is the Hunter". The paper starts by briefly highlighting the backgrounds of both writers. From there, the essay starts in by looking at how fate, chance and luck (in that order) are dealt with by each author. Ultimately, whereas Gann believes in fate, accepts that chance is always there, and is unafraid to credit luck with survival, Wolfe takes a tougher approach. For him, pilots..."

Tags:right, stuff, chance

Abstract
This paper discusses the Second Chance Act that was passed in 2008 to address the problem of recidivism. The writer discusses the reasons for this problem and the motivation behind the Second Chance Act, and shows how both are affecting New York in particular. The key stakeholders in this issue in New York are identified, and their roles are explained. An overview is given of what is currently being done in New York regarding this issue, and alternatives that have been advocated under the Second Chance Act are listed. The paper concludes by recommending in-service pre-discharge vocational/educational training for inmates as the most feasible policy for New York and other states to implement.

Outline:
Action Forcing Event
Problem and Organization
Background,Timeline, and Data About the Problem
Environmental Scan/Key Players
Policy Alternatives
Recommended Policy Alternative

From the Paper
"By passing the Second Chance Act, Congress has made itself a key play in the issue of recidivism in the United States and at the State level. The passing of this legislation illustrates just how concerned Congress is with this problem and the lengths that they would go to address the problem. Given the structure of the Second Chance Act, it is clear that Congress thought that the best way to address this problem was through the states so they provided the states with the means to address the problem locally, where the released offenders will be forced to return upon release. A total of $55 million dollars was appropriated for the States to address this problem. Congress' ultimate goal was to provide a safe way for the released offenders to transition back into normative society without reengaging in criminal activity."

Tags:federal, funding, employment, antisocial, crime-free, Pataki, taxpayer, Interagency, discharge, mandatory

Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that Paul Chance's book 'Learning and Behavior' provides students and teachers with some intriguing and interesting ideas about the psychology of learning. The writer points out that a general overview of the book displays the ease under which the reader can read the words and comprehend not only the meaning of the individual words, but the philosophical meaning of the words as well. Unlike many similar texts, Paul Chance's book is an easy read providing a style that allows the readers to follow along as he leads along the rosy and philosophical road to educating teachers and students in the field of learning and behavior. The writer concludes that Chance's book 'Learning and Behavior' may be one of the easiest, yet most enlightening manuscripts available on the subject of learning, and presents the material in such a manner that it immediately becomes much more understandable and a pleasure to read.

From the Paper
"Chance goes on to explain in more detail how the conditioning process works using the Pavlovian procedures. He writes of the higher-order conditioning, trace conditioning, delayed conditioning, simultaneous conditioning and backward conditioning. He provides brief but succinct descriptions of the five conditioning procedures and how Pavlovian procedures interplay with conditioning. The descriptions help the reader in gaining additional understanding of how and why individuals learn and how conditions can play a very vital role in that learning process.
"Comparing those findings to the Operant procedures is a mouthy subject but Chance does a credible job of accomplishing that task. He explains how reinforcements work when applied to operant behavior, while conditional stimulus works when applying Pavlovian procedures."

Tags:change, thinking, reinforcement, operant

Abstract
This paper explains that, although John Steinbeck's "The Chrysanthemums" and Tayama Katai's "The Girl Watcher" are written by authors from two different cultures, they share a literary device called the chance encounter. The author points out that the chance encounter enables the protagonists to reflect on their unfulfilled desires, allowing them a medium to channel their frustrations and to develop a greater awareness of their self-hoods. The paper relates that, in both stories, the chance encounter comes as a break from the routine nature of the protagonists' everyday lives, leading them to reflect on their unfulfilled desires. The author suggests that both characters not only feel unfulfilled in their roles in society, one as a housewife and the other a male magazine proof-reader, but also in their sexual relationships.

From the Paper
"In Steinbeck's "The Chrysanthemums", the protagonist Eliza reaches a point in her life whereby she is left feeling unfulfilled, particularly in her relationship with her husband. The chance encounter she has, with a traveling male stranger, leads her to imagine an alternative life as she contemplates acting upon her desires. At the start of the text, we get the feeling that Eliza feels lonely and isolated in her country town. The author uses descriptive language to convey Eliza's sense of isolation in the Salina's Valley,..."

Tags:desires, isolation, train, unfulfilled, negative

Abstract
This paper discusses how, in "January Chance," author Mark Van Doren portrays a winter day a father spends with his son in order to put over the message that it is uncomfortable for both the parent and child to have serious conversations, but it is the responsibility of the parent to have them when necessary. Through oxymoron, alliteration, repetition, personification, and metaphor, the paper looks at how Van Doren makes the point that if you give up when things get difficult, there are consequences that are much greater than the original problem.

From the Paper
"The second stanza is connected to the third by an alliteration of the letter "h" in lines eight and nine. In this stanza we are told that the man is not the only one that feels that he has the opportune moment to begin the conversation. Winter and the chair the man sits in are both personified. They agree that this is the ideal moment for the man to begin, and the man feels that they are trying to get him to act. Again, the stanza ends with a great reason to begin, but shows the man's lack of comfort. This is the safest time for the talk, but the oxymoron "somnolent loud train" shows that the man is going back and forth, has conflicting feelings, and has no confidence."

Tags:father, son, winter

Abstract
This paper uses "The Lucky Chance", a play by Aphra Behn, to extemporize on what theater in the restoration period might have been like for the audiences that attended it. Drawing examples from the play it examines scenography and the lines themselves in order to draw conclusions about the nature of theater at this time.

From the Paper
"The play "The Lucky Chance" by Aphra Behn has many such clues, and the first to be looked at here is the use of song in the play. Songs intersperse the text at several points, including during Sir Feeble and Leticia's reception and during the scene between Gayman and his landlady. These songs affect the tempo of the scene and indeed the play as a whole, because as a rule they do little to further the plot. They act as more of a summation of the events preceding it, in much the same way as the chorus in Ancient Greek tragedy functions."

Tags:anti, aphra, behn, chorus, composers, dark, hero, lantern, purcell, restoration, staging, theatre

Abstract
This paper explores how McNeil's book deals with the fact that a gay identity is fully compatible with a rich Christian faith. McNeil argues that the church's rejection of homosexuality is based on a pathological relationship with God that is based on fear. The writer shows how McNeil argues that the Christian God of love is completely incompatible with this God of fear and that both tradition and scripture support relationships between people of the same sex.

From the Paper
"The subtitle of McNeill's book, "Liberating Theology for Gays, Lesbians, and Their Lovers, Families, and Friends" gives a clear indication of the scope and intended audience for his book. From the beginning, it is clear that McNeill's book is intended to help homosexuals and their loved ones better understand how theology can be seen from a gay perspective. McNeill is never apologetic about homosexuality, and Taking a Chance on God is in no way a justification of the presence of homosexuals in Christianity. Instead, McNeill simply assumes that gays and lesbians are present in the church, and interested in how to relate to theology. As such, Taking a Chance on God is a sort of primer for gays and lesbians who want to get the most out of their relationship with Christianity, rather than a defense of homosexuality in the church."

Tags:christianity, church, homosexual, same, sex

Abstract
This paper discusses a research study looking at the success of the Second Chance Program for juvenile delinquents and how the program works. Additionally, the paper assesses the validity of the study as a research experiment.

From the Paper
"This paper analyzes a study carried out to assess the success of a Second Chance Program for juvenile delinquents. It looks at the design of the study and how well it follows scientific principles of experimentation. Study Rating the Second Chance Program: The purpose of the research study was to assess the success of a program designed to reduce official delinquent behavior designated as one step away from the state training school or waiver to adult court. (Leiber and Mawhorr) The objective was to evaluate the implementation..."

Tags:Second Chance program, assessment, juvenile delinquents

Abstract
This paper describes Dadaism and Surrealism, and the integration of the two known as the Dada Surrealist Movement. The writer explains how these movements arose during the World Wars and that the combined movement effectively demonstrated in various media of the visual arts and writing the end of "civilization" as it was manifest until the World Wars. The writer also discusses what is meant by the concept of "chance" in art, and how chance was viewed by Dada artists as minimally controlled randomness, and by the surrealists as a way to access the unconscious and let it merge with the conscious in order to create the superior reality it so revered. The writer concludes that in both art movements, chance therefore played an integral role in the emergence of their respective philosophies.

Outline:
Introduction
Chance in Dadaism
Surrealism
The Element of Chance

From the Paper
"According to Harden, the Dada and Surrealist movements integrated to such an extent that they became known as the Dada Surrealist Movement. The initial aims of the Movement were far removed from the world of art, and were primarily political in nature. Being a response to the World Wars of the time, the Dada Surrealist Movement aimed to overthrow all that viewed itself as "civilized" . Indeed, this aim was focused primarily on art and the role its interpretation played in the civilized world. Ironically then, first Dada and then Surrealism sought a complete separation of art and its influences as it existed at the time. This can be seen as ironic, as both Dada and Surrealism are seen as recognized art forms today, with its influences and trappings for the contemporary artist; the very paradigm Dada Surrealism wished to overthrow."

Tags:beauty reality culture icon ideal freedom, Max Ernst, Jackson Pollock, paradigm political

Abstract
The paper examines M. Lieber and T. Mawhorr's evaluation of the Second Chance Program to determine whether or not delinquent behavior of participants was reduced. Specifically, the paper examines their article "Evaluating the Use of Social Skills Training and Employment with Delinquent Youth" and then relates the findings that the participants in the Second Chance Program did not have a lower rate of recidivism than non-participants. The paper explains how the researchers identified the characteristics in common with successful intervention programs as well as four characteristics lacking. The paper discusses the authors' suggestions on how to improve the program and reduce recidivism.

From the Paper
"Michael J. Leiber and Tina L. Mawhorr of the University of Northern Iowa were asked by Juvenile Court Services and Area VII to evaluate the Second Chance Program to determine whether or not delinquent behavior of participants was reduced. The research results were to be used to support a request for funds to continue the program (Leiber & Mawhorr, in Pope, Lovell & Brandl).
"The design of the study included multiple comparison groups and a one-year follow-up. There was no funding for this study and there was a one-year limit for completion. Between 1990 and June 1992, the juvenile court staff referred five different groups to participate in the program. The program sessions lasted 16 weeks. Fifty-seven completed the program and 28 did not. The drop out group was included in the analysis of the study to identify any characteristics that could be related to a failure to complete the program."

Tags:recidivism, juveniles, offenders, rehabilitation